After the end of the task of cooperating with the central bank to carry out financial reform, the Bank of Guangzhou has completed its mission, but the bank cannot be closed directly, after so many years of concurrently serving as the central bank, the Bank has established a fairly reliable credit, as well as a complex financial chain. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

It can be said that as long as the Bank of Guangzhou reopens, it will not be long before it will still be the largest bank in Daming, and the biggest guarantee is that this bank has an extremely sufficient number of capitalists.

In the past, because of the central bank, so the business operation of the Bank of Guangzhou was very cautious, the main business was to buy and underwrite government bonds, to lend to large institutions, now after the Bank of Guangzhou's paper money is cleaned up, after the bonds held by the bank are resold to the Daming Bank, there are 200 million taels of cash in hand.

These capitals are nothing, because Zhu Jinglun, the Wu family, and the Pan family have actually thrown 100 million taels of silver into this bank. Among them, Zhu Jinglun invested 50 million taels, the Wu family and the Pan family invested 30 million, the family 20 million, and Zhu Jinglun also had 30 million yuan in cash deposited in it, so the bank's available capital is as high as 130 million taels.

Therefore, in 1882, the Bank of Canton officially announced the reopening of the bank.

The first business was a big business, which was lent to the bank's own shareholders, and Pan Shicheng ran a Tongwen Bank of 30 million taels, with an annual interest rate of 5%, and the principal and interest were repaid in five years.

The Pan family even wants to borrow money, ordinary people will not believe it, but Zhu Jinglun knows very well that the Pan family is about to go bankrupt, and last year he received relief from Wu Chongyao and lent him 20 million taels of cash to get through the difficulties, but this year he still can't make ends meet, and the Wu family himself is enough to choke, so he can only borrow from the Hong Kong government bank that has just opened.

There are not many banks that can come up with such a large amount of money at once.

The Pan family, and even the Wu family, are in trouble in this world economic growth cycle, mainly because of immigration.

In the disaster relief a few years ago, the government finally threw in a total of more than 2 billion taels of silver, of which part of it was solved by organizing the victims to help themselves, and the rest became government debts, totaling as high as 1.8 billion taels, with foreign debts of 1.3 billion and domestic debts of 500 million yuan. In the past two years, the Ming government has tightened spending, increased taxes, sold off official property, and successively reduced its debt by 500 million yuan to 1.3 billion taels, equivalent to about 1 billion taels of new banknotes.

Such a cost, that is, the Ming government can't support it, not to mention the two private individuals, it is true that the two of them are rich and rival the country, but the problem is that their total assets are at the same level as the national income, but it does not mean that the annual income can be the enemy of the country, otherwise it will be too rebellious, and any government will destroy them.

They bore a considerable part of the cost of disaster relief, the largest of which was the relocation of 800,000 people to Pacific reclamation.

The reclamation areas they developed before could not bear the problem of providing for the surging population, so they had to import grain from Vietnam and other places, and the price of grain rose sharply in disaster years, so these 800,000 people became a huge burden, and they emigrated in 1877, and although the food problem has been solved, there is still a shortage of medicines, clothing, and all kinds of other daily necessities, and the local output is completely self-sufficient, and the distance is too far, and the exchange trade is greatly lost, which is completely different from Taiwan.

Although the Pan family and the Wu family jointly bore the responsibility, they were still about to be unable to bear it, and the interests of the two of them in Taiwan were completely unable to bear the operating expenses of the reclamation land.

The Wu family can barely sustain itself, but the Pan family is about to be unable to hold on.

The reason why the Pan family is more difficult is not because the strength is weaker than the Wu family, in fact, the two families before were half a pound and eight taels, and their economic strength was about the same, and the main problem was that the Pan family's operation had problems.

The Pan family's current three major industries, shipping, silk tea trade and salt, among which shipping and salt industry have problems. The number of his family's ocean-going merchant ships tripled during the disaster relief period, from about 80 to more than 200 ocean-going merchant ships, all of which were large steamships of more than 1,000 tons. After the disaster relief, the contract for the transportation of grain from the United States was cancelled, and the Pan family's fleet immediately fell into operational difficulties.

The salt industry was caused by the collapse of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and the Jiangnan region did not produce salt, and historically relied on the salt supply of northern Jiangsu, which was the money bag of Yangzhou salt merchants. However, after the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom occupied Jiangnan, it was obviously impossible for the salt merchants in northern Jiangsu to operate in Jiangnan calmly, so Tongwen Xing replaced it and successfully became the largest salt supplier in the Jiangnan region.

The salt policy of the Ming Dynasty abolished the traditional way and regarded the production, transportation and marketing of salt only as a general commodity, which greatly affected the tax revenue, but greatly promoted the development of the salt industry.

A large number of businessmen entered the salt industry, bringing fierce competition to greatly promote the development of this industry, the Pan family alone has built tens of thousands of acres of salt farms on the Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island and Taiwan Island, the Pan family is not only the largest salt merchant, but also the largest salt producer.

The Pan family started in the salt industry, traditionally a salt merchant, operating import and export is only a sideline, and in recent years, the silk tea industry has become a small profit industry, in the case of tight funds, the Pan family chose to give up silk tea, withdraw from the field of raw silk exports, can save the money occupied by raw silk every year, and the tea industry is to sell the tea factory and tea garden of Fujian to Da Shengkui, and get a lot of money to support.

If it's so hard, why bother, because the expected benefits in the future are too great.

The Pan family and the Wu family have now earned 3 million taels of silver a year by dividing up the benefits of the mountains, rivers and forests of Taiwan Island, and the core area of their reclamation, the island of New Guinea, is a land 20 times larger than Taiwan.

The purpose of their development is to be able to enjoy this place exclusively in the future, so the expected benefits are incalculable, and it is land, which can be passed on to future generations.

In addition, Zhu Jinglun also promised them that once they succeed in the future, they will be knighted without anyone, or even sealed the land. The land they have developed can even be used as a territory from generation to generation. And the two can also buckle a crown on their heads. Although both of them sincerely refused on the spot, repeatedly saying that they were loyal to the emperor and had absolutely no ambition to be crowned king, Zhu Jinglun's promise still made them very moved.

Anyway, if the Dutch can occupy land there and become kings, and the British can run colonies there, even if they can't be princes, they can reach the power of the East India Company in India, which is also full of temptation for them merchants who came from the era of the Thirteen Elements.

Fortunately, the situation is developing in a good direction, and the year of famine has brought them a huge opportunity, that is, the biggest cost in the capital, and the cost of immigration is almost negligible.

Throwing hundreds of thousands of people there, feeding them for a few years, the land will be developed, such a good thing is rare in a hundred years, so despite the difficulties, the two families gritted their teeth and sold their property, and they never gave up.

After three years, as more and more land is opened up, immigrants adapt to the local climate, diseases and other conditions become less, and less and less investment is required, this year and next year may reach the break-even point, and then start to continue to bring them benefits.

In addition to this kind of private reclamation, the Ming Dynasty also has a large number of labor company reclamation land in the Nanyang region, and the number of immigrants is also in the millions, mainly concentrated in Borneo.

This is a Dutch colony, the Dutch could not withstand the pressure of the Ming Dynasty, and allowed the Ming company to develop in Borneo, in exchange for the promise of the Ming to guarantee the Dutch's right to rule in the place, the reason why it is in Borneo is because the Lanfang company has been based here for hundreds of years and laid a solid foundation.

A few years ago, Daming's fleet went to Lanfang Company, met with the gang leaders of Lanfang Company, and decided to protect them, but the Dutch had long had the idea of annexing Lanfang Company.

The Dutch immediately protested, but in this area was not the opponent of the Ming, and turned to the British, under the mediation of the British, the Ming guaranteed the dominance of the Dutch, but the Dutch guaranteed the autonomy of the local Chinese, and the Dutch would pay a tax every year.

Taking advantage of this autonomy, the Ming Dynasty continued to expand the reclamation area, in the past, the Lanfang Company was mainly for gold panning in the local area, and later with the settlement down, it also began to grow pepper, rice and other crops, after the Ming Labor Export Company went, mainly to reclaim the land, the production of grain-based, immigrants millions of people.

However, Borneo is barren and has limited yields, and improving the rainforest soil will not be achieved overnight, but will require continuous hard work from generation to generation, so the desire of labor companies to invest in it is not very great.

Later, the immigrants mainly moved to New Guinea, although the Dutch also claimed the power there, but they did not establish a control agency there, not even a stronghold, the Ming did not recognize, the two countries have been negotiating for this in recent years, but it has been delayed.

The Dutch hoped that the Ming would recognize New Guinea as Dutch territory, but the Ming insisted that it was the ownerless land opened up by the Ming merchants, and that the Ming did not want to belong to the territory, but claimed that it was the private property of the Ming merchants and would not allow any force to infringe on it.

The Dutch did not have the power to change the status quo, and the Ming did not openly include it in the country, and the British decided not to interfere, so they kept the status quo for the time being, and no one planned to change it.

With these private settlements as the center, the Pan family and the Wu family have established strongholds on several large islands nearby that are not occupied by Westerners, opened up some small settlements, and armed immigrants against the primitive people in the jungle, so even if the Dutch want to use force, they will not be able to take it for a while, and they have to worry about the retaliation of the Ming Dynasty afterwards, and the gains outweigh the losses, so they gradually acquiesced.

However, the Dutch strengthened their grip on the western part of the island, establishing several strongholds in the western half of the island, and even built forts and forts, and it was clear that they could not accept the cost of losing the western half of the island.

In addition, the British navy has been in and out many times, but has always remained silent, obviously the British have passed the period of territorial greed, or as a maritime people, they have not valued the land as much as the agricultural people from the beginning to the end, and after discovering that the Ming did not invade Australia, they let it go.

Quietly, Daming replaced the historical Germany and became the new spoiler in the South Pacific, but this spoiler was relatively low-key and did not make a noise, intending to make a fortune in silence.

The same practice is still carried out in North America and South America, if you really start to take care of the ambitions of the Ming Dynasty, the British international intelligence network must have noticed that the Ming Dynasty has established a circle of Chinese emigration along the Pacific Ocean, and these settlements will be connected into a network through increasingly mature transportation, and the benefits that this network can bring are beyond the imagination of people of this era.

And this is the biggest purpose of Zhu Jinglun's insistence on exporting immigrants in the Americas, especially in North America, where immigration costs are high.