Therefore, Zhu Jinglun attached great importance to it and set up a reform committee, ostensibly with Chen Zhiting as the premier of the reform committee, while he himself was behind the gatekeeping, and he had to prevent deviations in innovation. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

That's why he approved every reform measure.

In accordance with the various suggestions put forward by Menxia Province, and with a group of foreigners serving the Ming government, such as the Englishman Hurd and the Frenchman Louis, as advisers, Chen Zhiting also sent a large number of reform committee members to visit Europe and the United States to visit the European system, and introduced various reform measures in light of the actual situation of the Ming Dynasty.

In the course of government administrative reform, in view of the special accumulated shortcomings caused by the Chinese's personal relations, on the one hand, it strictly restricts the atmosphere of welcoming and sending officials, requiring officials not to wantonly organize all kinds of birthday banquets or even weddings, and waving an extremely righteous banner, that is, since they are officials, they should devote themselves to the country and devote themselves wholeheartedly to the country, and they must not bring their personal feelings into the officialdom, that is, they should start by restraining the private actions of officials.

At the same time, in view of the phenomenon of gangs and factions among officials and the situation of gatekeepers in the bureaucracy, the principle of circumvention is stipulated.

Although there is a traditional legend that the main leader does not avoid relatives, there are indeed some examples of people who are dedicated to the public and put their capable relatives in suitable positions to achieve results, and there are also examples of Zhao Hao who is dedicated to the public and does not even promote his son Zhao Kuo, but tells the king that his son is not suitable, but not everyone can be dedicated to the public, even among the people who are dedicated to the public, not everyone can not be swayed by emotion. The child is the good of his own family, and the father naturally thinks that his child is good, so if he does not avoid his relatives, he may also promote his relatives under the lofty sense of morality of promoting talents for the country.

In other words, even if you can really get talents, it will outweigh the losses compared to the probability of fraud.

In the ministries that control the appointment of officials, the strictest supervision mechanism is implemented, and no one person can have the final say on the appointment of any official, but at least three officials of the same level agree and submit it to the higher officials for approval. Among the candidates for officials, those who have their own relatives and fellow villagers still have to be avoided. For each official promoted by the ministry, the ministry should give sufficient reasons, and the three officials should jointly write a report for the record.

With regard to the evaluation system for officials, strict archives have been established, and even the regulations on the promotion of posts in the army have been referred to to establish similar discipline for the performance of each official. This is the main basis for the promotion and decentralization of officials.

In order to prevent officials from seeking too much stability and not daring to make trouble for themselves, and are unwilling to hire outstanding talents, they will only use the archives of the ministry as the basis to discuss the situation of seniority. Formulate a mechanism for employing special talents, and special talents are not within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Officials, but are initiated by each department to apply for special employment needs for the weaknesses of the department. Recruit talents in the community, and even hire foreigners.

In order to solve the problem of negligence and slackness of officials, it is clear that there are always a number of officials in the government who eat and wait for death, and implement a similar examination method in the Ming Dynasty, requiring officials and officials in various departments to make a policy plan for the coming year at the end of each year, and the plan must conform to reality, but it must be substantially improved, and the plan will be used to assess the completion of everyone's tasks in the coming year, which is obviously the principle of the similar project responsibility system.

For example, the Ministry of Education can use the student enrollment rate to measure the effectiveness of the work, but it is difficult to measure the auxiliary and cooperative positions. In war, the chance of a cook making a meritorious service is small, but the work of a cook is also important.

For jobs that are difficult to perform, these personnel are required to be measured by fault tolerance. For example, an accountant, how much money is on the books, he can count the overcharged, and he can't change the money out of thin air, so he has no political achievements. But the cost of making mistakes is very high, so this kind of work, as long as you don't make mistakes, can be considered qualified. However, accounting is not wrong, this is the basic requirement of the job, and after a long time, such a department is easy to become senior, so that people with super ability cannot be promoted exceptionally.

Therefore, some special provisions are implemented in this kind of department, such as qualified personnel who have not made mistakes in three years, according to their own wishes, to be transferred to more competitive positions that are easier to produce results.

After taking these measures, there is also a concern that some capable people are too stable and dare not forge ahead, so the principle of competition has been introduced in the government, and every government employee has not been promoted within three years, and if it is not a problem caused by objective reasons, such as if everyone else is excellent, and there is really no vacancy, then for this person to be demoted, that is to say, if he has not been promoted for three years, he must be demoted, and those who have been demoted twice in a row will be dismissed.

In this way, through the system, forcing everyone not only to work diligently, it is simply to make everyone have to work hard to progress, otherwise they will fall behind, China's officialdom, let alone fire, is difficult to accept even relegation, there are unspoken rules that can only go up but not down, once a person is demoted, it is a huge blow, and it can basically be said that the future is hopeless.

These measures innovated by the government are a summary of the maladministration of the past few years, and they are very targeted to China's human feelings, society, and culture. However, it strictly follows the principles of digitalization and refined management, and in this regard, Hurd and other foreign consultants believe that the regulations of Daming are more detailed and strict than those of any Western country.

But who said that the Ming Dynasty is a country with more complex human relations than any Western country, so it is necessary to adopt stricter supervision measures than Western governments that attach more importance to individuals.

The administrative reform has only just begun, and it will take at least two or three years to complete it, and it may take longer to get results, but another reform has yielded quick results, and that is the judicial reform.

The reform of the Ming Dynasty has always been based on stability, and the embodiment of the judicial system is that the existing legal system has been greatly retained, and the content of the law almost follows the laws of the Ming and Qing dynasties, but at that time some of the penal methods that did not conform to the times were canceled, such as the most serious is nothing more than the death penalty, and there is absolutely no torture worse than the death penalty such as a thousand knives and five horses.

In terms of legal procedure, the English common law procedure was introduced, based on the principle that no one can be convicted without trial, which in fact recognized that everyone has the right to judicial protection.