The French are really in big trouble. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

Within a month of capturing the French emperor, the Prussian coalition invaded France and besieged Paris.

But the French did not surrender, they elected a new president, formed a new government.

The new government is a government of national defense, or simply a military government, and the president is a general.

The new government does not want a humiliating surrender, but they can accept a decent armistice.

The new government wanted to abandon some of the past practices in exchange for the Germans withdrawing from France, such as not interfering with German reunification and supporting Prussia to unify Germany.

But at this time, Prussia unified Germany, and there was no longer any need to look at the face of France, they did not accept French conditions at all, they only accepted the surrender of France.

In other words, the surrender of France and the establishment of a new Germany on the body of the French nation was in itself the best gift to the unification of Germany, and the Prussian king needed this gift very much, which would make it easier for him to stand on the throne and win the support of the entire German nation.

And so the war continued.

With Paris under siege, the French kept forming new army groups, this time with the support of the British.

In this case, the people of Paris, who have always been enthusiastic and unrestrained, have also revolutionized, if the revolution itself is not a compliment, then it is really difficult for people to evaluate the significance of the Parisian revolution in this situation, first of all, these people at the bottom, they definitely do not want to surrender, but their new government did not surrender, they did not support the government to continue the war of resistance, and they were surrounded by Prussia outside the city. If they are just to resist, then there is no revolutionary reason.

In short, it was a very unjustified action, and certainly not as great as the book suggests, at least not supported by the majority of Parisians, so the government easily suppressed the uprising.

Although the newly formed French Army Group sometimes had a high will to fight and was supported by the sentiment of defending the homeland and defending the country, it was obvious that the new army was too poor in terms of organizational strength, lacked various problems, insufficient logistical supplies, poor military discipline, and was unable to complete various strategic actions, and the result was constant defeat. The only victory was in November when the Loire Army captured Orleans and defeated the Bavarian Second Army, but was quickly counterattacked and withdrew.

This was followed by a series of defeats.

At the end of December, the Germans began to bomb Paris, at this time they had mobilized more than 500 Krupp cannons, at the beginning of the next year, the Parisians revolted again, the French defense government suppressed the uprising again, and then seized the time to negotiate with the Germans, signed a very humiliating treaty, and the compensation for the land was a lot, and the indemnity was 6 billion francs, which was more than the reparations in the history of the Qing Dynasty combined.

Because of this treaty, the Parisians continued to be dissatisfied, and finally in March the uprising succeeded, with the establishment of the Paris Commune and the fall of the French defense government.

The defeat of France originally had little impact on the eastern countries, but times changed, first in Vietnam, and the Vietnamese refused to promise the French to build a railway. Before the Franco-Prussian War, the French finally gained the right to build a railway to Da Ming in Vietnam, but they clashed with the Vietnamese natives many times during the survey. After the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, the exploration mission came to a standstill, and when they saw the French being beaten, the Vietnamese government said that the common people were against the construction of the railway, so they informed the French that the matter needed to be discussed again, and the French were angry, but they could not help it.

In Shanghai, the Ming Dynasty succeeded in replacing the French and taking over the former French Concession. As for the French government, it was a mess, and the envoys sent by Li Hongzhang to France to apologize to France could not find anyone to apologize for a while, and they arrived in France in September, and they did not know who to apologize to so far.

Historically, they stayed for more than a year before meeting the new president of France the following year. While they waited, France went through three governments, the Government of National Defense, the Paris Commune, and the Third Republic.

In fact, at this time, the minister of the Ming Dynasty also hoped to find a responsible government of France, although he took over the French Concession, but did not get the consent of France, and had sent a note to France before, telling them that because France could not guarantee the safety and order of the Shanghai Concession, so the Ming needed to take over here.

The French have not yet replied, and Da Ming hopes that the French will agree as soon as possible, especially now that France is vulnerable, if they don't let them agree, when they ease up, they will provoke trouble again.

It was not until May that the Ming envoy contacted the new French government in Marseille and expressed his attitude towards them, telling them that the Ming would protect the interests of the former French merchants in the French Concession, recognizing that their private property rights would continue to be valid, and that the various contracts that the French authorities had used to make in the past still legal. At the same time, the French government was asked to recognize that the Ming Dynasty would take over all the powers of the French Concession, including administrative and judicial powers.

The French government had just signed a formal Treaty of Frankfurt with the Prussians, recognizing the terms of the armistice before the national defense government, formally ceding Alsace and Lorraine, and promising an indemnity of 5 billion francs, until the reparations were paid, the Germans would occupy six northern French provinces as collateral.

The provinces of their country were cut into two, and the French really did not have the strength to fight with the Ming Dynasty for a small piece of land in the east that was not considered a territory, and happily signed a treaty in accordance with the agreement of the Ming Dynasty, as a condition for the Ming to recognize the new French government and continue to interact with France.

Then the French government panicked to suppress the Paris Commune.

It is really difficult to evaluate this regime, because it is difficult to define it politically and sociologically.

If it was a legitimate government, it was not like a government when it was formed, and they did not immediately announce the succession of state power, nor did they inform the legations of the world that they should inform the countries of the situation in France, and they did not have any inclination to the war between France and Prussia.

And then they just built a government of their own and played behind closed doors in Paris.

During this period, they issued a number of decrees, such as the exemption of rent for Parisian tenants during the German siege. Abolish night shifts in bakeries. Let the pawnshop return the tools that the craftsmen have mortgaged in the pawnshop. As for the war between France and Germany, it seems that it has nothing to do with them.

They are more like a group of small businessmen who suddenly get power, and plan to satisfy their past fantasies a little, such as using power to change their lives a little bit.

If it weren't for their location, maybe they naïve people would not have been suppressed, and the government had the patience to persuade them to surrender, but they occupied Paris, not a small village in the Alps, and the government of the French Republic was still in a hurry to return here to re-establish power, but this group of people occupied Paris and fought by force, so they could only be suppressed.

After only a month of existence, the Paris Commune was suppressed, and its backbone was either shot or exiled. Many people fled to the United States.

In March 1871, the French Third Republic was established. In January, King Wilhelm of Prussia was crowned emperor at the Palace of Versailles in France, and was proclaimed emperor of Germany in the presence of dozens of German monarchs. But the emperor was not pleased, because it was not his will, but Bismarck's.

In China, Bismarck is associated with the word "iron and blood", and everyone knows that he is the prime minister of iron and blood.

But in fact, this person's methods have never embodied the word iron and blood, although he has waged wars many times, but it is often a dead knot that cannot be solved by political means, so he chooses war. Otherwise, if Prussia wants to unify Germany, it will not launch three dynastic wars, and I am afraid that thirty will not work. Germany has fought so many wars in its history, but combined, it has not played as much of a role as these three.

In fact, Bismarck's methods have always been gentle.

Joining him is really an iron-blooded posture, in a region like Europe that pays attention to the balance of power, Prussia has long been the target of public criticism, and I am afraid that the Eight-Nation Alliance would have destroyed Prussia long ago.

In the case of this accession to the throne, King Wilhelm wanted the German Emperor, while Bismarck only gave him the title of German Emperor.

These two terms are the same in the Chinese context, because the emperor of China has always been the emperor of real power, and as long as he is the emperor, he is supreme.

But this is not the case in German, because historically, there was a Holy Roman Empire in Germany, and the emperor of this empire actually had no power, more of a title, and could not control the politics of various states at all, similar to Zhou Tianzi in China.

Therefore, the so-called Emperor of Germany is only a symbolic honorary title.

Before the coronation, the Emperor was still arguing with Bismarck, who told Bismarck that he could not accept a false name, that he wanted an Emperor of a united Germany, and that he wanted an Emperor who exercised over all the states the kind of power that he was able to exercise in Prussia.

But Bismarck knew that the surrender of his power was something that all the monarchs of the German states could never agree to, and that in this case Prussia would have to continue the war, the endless war.

So when King Wilhelm entered the hall of Versailles to accept the crown, the King of Bavaria, who had long been bribed by Bismarck, shouted Long live Kaiser Wilhelm, and he cunningly bypassed the dispute between the German Emperor and the German Emperor, and in this way first put the title of Emperor on Wilhelm's head, and as for the substantive issues later, he was talking later.

In this way, William found himself in a daze, and the substantive issue was not clearly explained at the coronation, so when the coronation was over, he shook hands with all the monarchs, but when he came to Bismarck, he bypassed, and he refused to shake hands with Bismarck, because he put all his dissatisfaction on this prime minister.

In any case, a united Germany was formed.

A new Germany appeared in Europe.

At the same time, a new France also appeared in Europe.

These two new countries will cause great instability in international politics in the coming decades, but this is an opportunity, and it is a huge opportunity for the eastern countries, and whoever can seize this opportunity will be able to change the international order in which European countries dominate and will be able to pull up their own national fortunes. And the main person who caused all this was Bismarck.