The industrial giants of the Ming Dynasty and the light industry are quite normal, but the heavy industry has always had a deformed development trend. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

This is based on the already deformed social development trajectory of East Asia, because successive wars have not only created a heavy industrial system, but also a heavy industrial system that emphasizes military industry and monopoly mode.

To what extent is this deformity, taking the arsenal as an example, it can almost be said that the military industry of the Ming Dynasty, and even the military industrial system, is this factory. To what extent did the factory have 250,000 employees before the war and 300,000 after the war? Compare this size to Germany's most famous company, Krupp, which had only 7,000 workers during the Franco-Prussian War, and 80,000 before the First World War.

It can be said that the number of workers in the arsenal turned out to be four times the size of Krupp before the First World War, which is obviously abnormal.

It was because of the repeated state investments, coupled with the successive wars that gave birth to this monster.

And after this monster was born, it began to stifle the growth of other similar kinds, resulting in the Ming Dynasty Until now, say that heavy industry is not good, he can sustain the war of millions of people, say that he is strong, he does not have a healthy industrial system, there is no large, medium and small industrial enterprises as a supplement, the arsenal can be done up to military production, down to building houses and brushing lime.

The only thing that can barely compete with the arsenal is the French financial and industrial complex a few years ago, Schneider invested in the Schneider company in Daming, and now this company is acquired by the railway company, and the railway company is also the same as the arsenal, and the industry term "railway company" has become a brand, saying that the railway company will not think of the company that operates railway transportation and builds railways, and will think of this company that does everything in Daming.

The main business of the railway company was railway transportation, construction and maintenance, and for this purpose he expanded into marginal industries, acquiring Schneider for the purpose of producing railway locomotives and other equipment; The acquisition of large and small coal mines in Shanxi aims to bring a stable supply of goods for railway transportation; He also set up a merchant fleet to facilitate river-rail, sea-rail combined transportation. In short, around the railway industry, a closed industrial network has been created.

It's hard to distinguish the nature of this kind of company, you can say it's a transportation company, he also produces railway locomotives, it's an industrial company, he also runs a coal mine, he says it's a mining company, he has his own insurance company.

However, even the railway company cannot be compared with the arsenal, because the railway company does not count the workers on the railway, the number of his skilled workers is only 50,000, before the war was 30,000, the growth has been very rapid, but the expansion of this technology is often much slower than capital, the biggest barrier is often not the capital barrier, but the technical barrier, cultural barrier and political barrier, it took less than ten years to push the technical barrier by 60 percent, the company's expansion speed is already very amazing.

The only enterprise worth mentioning is that Chen Liantai Machinery Factory, which started with imitation silk reeling machines, has 10,000 skilled workers. In addition to his own earliest imitation of Western machines, I heard that Chen Liantai sent one of his sons to the arsenal as an apprentice very early, and he studied for ten years, and studied with the Swedish inventor Ellison for five years to design and build ships. So as soon as he returned, Chen Liantai opened a shipyard. The bad thing is that Chen Liantai, who learned art from the arsenal, is also stepping towards the road of the arsenal, doing the same thing, making his own steam engine, building his own ship, and even forming his own shipping company for the sake of the shipyard's sales problem.

The other is a machine factory built by Ellison and his good friend Nobel in Chiwan, now there are about 8,000 workers, the technical level of this factory is undoubted, Nobel and Ellison are both graduates of Swedish professional engineering colleges, and they are also quite talented inventors, they not only have a high level of production, but also have strong design ability. Now it has become the largest supplier of marine propellers and various bearings in Daming. Basically, propellers and bearings from large shipyards are supplied by them. But such a factory with strong technical strength has found its place in failure after failure. Ten years ago, it was still a shipyard, but unfortunately under the ideas of Ellison's various inventors, the shipyard was half-dead, and it did make a lot of innovations, but it lost money one after another. After Ellison's death, Nobel Jr. came here to take over the factory, closing the shipbuilding shop and focusing on the company's most competitive products.

Apparently not only an inventor, but also a steady entrepreneur, the company began to find its edge under his stewardship, taking its place in the Ming economy.

At the beginning, his father's factory produced everything, and in order to survive, he also took the initiative to invent many machinery, such as using the principle of levers to help local oil mills produce labor-saving variable speed rotation devices, produce various rubber products, rain boots, raincoats, tires, etc., produce all kinds of machinery and equipment, hit the forging hammer, and small to various machine tools.

Little Nobel shutting down all kinds of unprofitable production lines, the uncompetitive machine factories were basically closed, and only the production of tires for rubber products was retained, because there was no market for rain boots and raincoats in this country, which was accustomed to straw sandals and straw handicrafts such as lily coats. Then there were the gunpowder factories, which were entirely focused on the production of gunpowder, and the production of the derived soap was preferred to be handed over to others rather than done themselves.

Obviously, Nobel is another way of thinking, but it is also a monopoly, because he has achieved the first place in the industry he is engaged in, and there is a posture that a certain product cannot do first.

The Foshan Iron Company, which existed ten years ago in the machinery industry, was also acquired by the railway company, and skilled workers became a force for the railway company to break the technological monopoly of the arsenal. The two industrial enterprises derived from the guilds withdrew from the stage of history.

No matter which way of thinking, the big monopolies have greatly raised the threshold of the industry, resulting in a large number of medium-sized enterprises unable to survive, and medium-sized enterprises either work hard to become giants like Chen Liantai. Either like the iron and artillery shops, they are merged by large companies and become part of others.

There is a lack of professional medium-sized enterprises, the entire market is divided by monopoly giants, and small enterprises are seriously workshopized, and they can only survive in the maintenance industry, and they have very little chance of becoming large enterprises. That is to say, the entire industry is highly solidified, and the monopoly giants have built a high barrier, not giving any chance for competitors to rise later.

Zhu Jinglun doesn't care about the emergence of a few chaebol companies, but he himself does not like this kind of monopoly company, and his education tells him that the monopoly giant brings high profits, high exploitation and economic crisis, and when this kind of company is associated with these words, he instinctively rejects this kind of company.

These monopoly companies do not have medium-sized specialized companies to support them, and their own workshops are their own supporting units; They are a company, an industry, and an industrial system. When shrinking, they don't give any opponent a chance to enter their field and build high barriers. When expanding, they can expand in any direction, and they can kill any opponent without being able to parry.

Now after the Ming Dynasty adopted the policy of encouraging investment in the north, it suddenly found that it was still the world of these monopoly oligopolies.

Shanxi's coal is the focus of contention between the two, and the railway company has a first-mover advantage, and the Daqin Railway built that year belongs to him. The arsenal applied for the construction of the Zhengding Railway, which connects Taiyuan and Zhengding (Shijiazhuang) through the Jingcheng in the Taihang Eight Mountains; The railway company has a north-south passage from Shanxi, and the Tongpu Railway passes through the Datong Basin, Taiyuan Basin and other river valleys. The arsenal applied for the construction of the Taihang Cheng, which entered the Changzhi Basin of Shanxi Province and finally connected Taiyuan, and passed through Baoding through Puyin and Feihu to Datong.

Both sides are grabbing resources and developing minerals along the road, with large investment and high profits.

The railway company has a northern horizontal railway from Qinhuangdao to Datong, from Qingdao to Zhengzhou, Xi'an and finally to Lanzhou. The arsenal was built from Tianjin, through Baoding to connect the Zhengtai Railway, and then from Taiyuan to the west into Shaanxi, from Yan'an south to Xi'an East-West Railway.

In short, after the war, both sides increased the speed and scale of railroad construction after both sides redirected production from munitions to railroads and railway equipment. After the merger of the north and the south, they went to the north to seize the railway lines.

On the railways it was the arsenal that attacked, and the railroad companies defended, and in the mechanical industry, it was the railroads that went on the offensive and the arsenals went on the defensive.

The arsenal has an absolute advantage in the production of machinery, and because of historical reasons, it has occupied Vietnam's iron ore and coal mines early, and Schneider has to rely on the mines under the arsenal to supply in the past. After the railway company acquired Schneider, it was unwilling to see this kind of constraint, not only competing with the arsenal for the coal mines in Sanxi, but also taking advantage of the railway to occupy the coal and iron resources in the Tieling and Fushun areas in Northeast China.

After the preferential policy for investment in the north came out, the railway company decided to invest in the construction of iron and steel machinery complexes in Shenyang and other places to directly produce finished products and reduce costs. It not only produces railway-related products such as rails and railway locomotives, but also vigorously intervenes in the military production field and shipbuilding field of arsenals.

The two giants are staking their land in the whole of China, and the crazy investment newspapers report every day, as if it was a war, but objectively it has led to the development of transportation, minerals and other fields in the north, and has played a huge role in improving the economic level.

This is what the Ming government is happy to see, and even began to encourage them to a certain extent this kind of competition, basically the lines they apply for will pass, in addition to the ten-year tax exemption policy, they are also given special loans, the government guarantees them, and they are allowed to issue bonds for specific lines supported by the government.

While the two giants of heavy industry are competing unbridled, Zhu Jinglun is more concerned about the competition of two other emerging companies, both from the power industry.