Negotiations with the British were very difficult, because all countries were not willing to take on more obligations and enjoy fewer rights, especially the world hegemons. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

British diplomats were more professional than Chinese counterparts, and when the Chinese Foreign Affairs Department offered to expand the agreement not only in the East China Sea and the South Pacific, but also in the entire Pacific region, the British refused.

The British said they could not accept a military treaty against the United States, and they insisted that the agreement be limited to the South Pacific and the East China Sea.

One thing broke the deadlock.

Philippine uprising!

As in history, in 1892 Andas Bonisau, a manila storekeeper and clerk, founded the organization "Catipunan," which means "the noblest and most respected association of the sons and daughters of the Philippines," with the aim of giving the Philippines independence from Spain and establishing a Filipino state of their own.

After the establishment of Katipunan, it quickly spread across the country, and in 1896 the Philippine Revolution was launched.

As with all revolutions, the initiators are often idealists, but they are quickly sidelined by sophisticated politicians. Bonisso was soon replaced by Emilio Aquino, a politician by family, and executed on a conviction of treason.

Aquino's father, a mayor appointed by the Spanish colonizers, was considered an upper-class figure in the Philippines, a more politically experienced, better educated, and more capable figure. Therefore, it is easy to rise to become a leader, or it is easy to usurp the fruits of the victory of some revolutionaries.

After joining the rebels, Aquino quickly won several battles, gained great prestige, and was elected president of the Philippines.

But this kind of person often does not have the firm will of an idealist, it is more rational to say that it is good, and it is unprincipled to say that it is not good, and after the uprising reached a stalemate, he quickly compromised with the Spanish colonial government and reached a private agreement, the Spanish governor promised to give him 800,000 oceans, Aquino promised to go into exile, Aquino chose Hong Kong, and before leaving, he condemned the revolution, urged the Filipino fighters to disarm, and declared those who continued hostilities bandits.

Historically, U.S. Admiral Dewey lobbied Aquino at this time and asked Aquino to promise to return to the Philippines to fight again, but this time the Americans' participation in the uprising in the Spanish colonies was very low, and Dewey did not appear in Hong Kong.

Without the Americans, the Filipinos still insisted on fighting, and historically, it was not the United States that they won the victory, but after they basically achieved the victory, the Americans came to pick the fruit, at that time the U.S. Army simply did not have the ability to land in the Philippines, when the rebel army surrounded Manila, the United States eliminated the Spanish fleet, and then through diplomatic negotiations, bought the Philippines from Spain, and turned around, the United States broke its promise and began to suppress Aquino.

Without any encouragement, Aquino secretly returned to Spain after two years of living in Hong Kong from 1898 to 1899, because such a person would never be content to be dull.

After his return, he quickly regrouped the guerrillas, gained the upper hand again, and soon liberated most of the Philippine territory and surrounded Manila. Unlike last time, the last time Spain brought in reinforcements from the country, this time Spain had no time to take care of the Philippines, because Cuba also broke out in the uprising, and on a larger scale, and it was after getting the news of the Cuban uprising in Hong Kong that Aquino decided to return to the Philippines again.

After leading the uprising again, Aquino's prestige did not decline, but increased. Because he returned to the Philippines, he not only brought organizational skills to the rebel army, but also brought arms and equipment, and he bought a large number of arms in Hong Kong to help. These arms were not Chinese arms, but were bought from Japan.

After reorganizing the rebel army, Aquino learned the lessons of the last time, and at the same time he had a certain political ability, while besieging Manila, he began to establish the Philippine government, adopt a republican system, he was elected president, declared the independence of the Philippines, and sought the support and recognition of various countries.

From these means, Aquino was much taller than the Paris Commune, and certainly better than the idealistic leaders of the Catipunan.

The Philippines established government institutions, surrounded Manila, and Spanish rule in the Philippines was over.

Historically, it was in this situation that Spain decided to sell the Philippines to the United States, but now the United States has not intervened.

Now the Spaniards have a headache, continue to increase troops to suppress, the national strength is really unable to support, Cuba is closer to Spain, developed earlier, more important, so Spain's main energy is to suppress the Cuban uprising, they have invested 200,000 troops in Cuba, the current Spain is no longer the Spanish Empire two hundred years ago, it is really unable to suppress Cuba and the Philippines at the same time.

But give up, but unwilling, even if they can allow the Philippines to become independent, but how to ensure that the independent Philippines does not harm Spain's interests in the Philippines, colonizing the Philippines for more than 300 years, Spain has a lot of interests in the Philippines, the best land in the Philippines, the largest plantations, without exception are run by the Spanish aristocracy and big capitalists, once the Philippines becomes independent through the revolution, it is obvious that they cannot let the Spaniards continue to own these properties.

After repeated considerations, the Spaniards decided to take the initiative to sell the Philippines, a tropical colony with relatively good natural conditions, and there was no shortage of buyers, the Spaniards first found France, which was also a Catholic country, and they thought that handing over the Philippines to France would better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the Spaniards in the region.

However, Spain and France have never been able to negotiate on the price, the French are only willing to pay 10 million francs, while Spain asks for at least 50 million, at this time, Germany, which is looking for colonies all over the world, got the news and immediately took the initiative to contact the Philippine government, and they offered a very generous price of 50 million marks directly.

The German mark gold coin, 20 marks weighs 5 grams, and the purity is 90 percent, so the gold content of the mark is equivalent to 0.36 grams of gold, while the gold content of the franc is only 0.29 grams, and the German price is equivalent to 62 million francs, which makes the Spanish government extremely tempted, and Spain quickly signed a transfer agreement with Germany under the premise that Germany guarantees to protect the interests of Spanish investors.

The German fleet immediately sailed to Manila to take over.

The actions of the Germans caused double dissatisfaction between China and Britain, Britain had ambitions for the Philippines in history, but later with the establishment of the empire on which the sun never sets, Britain had enough colonies, and after they forced Spain to sign a free trade treaty, they no longer sought Philippine land, only seeking economic interests.

However, Britain could not accept the Germans to enter here, and Germany's foothold in the Philippines was a huge threat to Britain, which dominated the South Seas, and once Germany established a military base in Manila, Britain would not be able to control the Indian Ocean to the South Sea shipping lane.

For China, once Germany occupies the Philippines, it is also unacceptable that China's shipping route to its colonies in the South Pacific will have to pass through German-controlled areas.

The two countries, having contacted each other, decided to intervene in the Spanish sale of the Philippines, and the two countries had good reasons.

After the Singapore Conference, the then Ming Dynasty, Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Vietnam and Siam and other countries jointly signed a general resolution stipulating that any territorial changes in the Nanyang region must be approved by other countries, otherwise it will be invalid.

Now China and Britain do not recognize it, and Spain's sale of the Philippines to Germany is not legal.

Now Germany is like a hungry wolf, looking for possible colonies all over the world, in order to compete for a place like Samoa, they can confront the British and American fleets, and the rich colonies like the Philippines, they dream of a piece, so they choose confrontation.

The German fleet entered Manila, the German Army entered Manila, the German flag was raised at the Governor-General's Palace in Manila, Wilhelm II announced in a high-profile manner that the place where the German flag was raised would never let it fall, Wilhelm II's speech caused a cheer among the nationalists, and he did enjoy this kind of scene loved by the people.

This is a rather inferior political level, but it will cause a lot of trouble, because the cards in his hand are too hard, and behind him stands a powerful military empire, and the system of this empire makes the emperor play a great role in the country.

The British have one head and two big, and the trouble caused by William II caught Britain off guard, accept it, Britain will lose control of the shipping lanes from the Indian Ocean to East Asia, and control the commercial shipping lanes of the world, which is the cornerstone of the British world order, and the reason why Britain opposes Russia's invasion of the Far East is that Russia has mastered a land passage from East Asia to Europe, and as long as Russia can gain a foothold in East Asia, Russia will have a commercial passage that is not controlled by Britain.

Now Germany is not only squeezed into a shipping lane that is not controlled by Britain, but it will even pose a threat to the safety of British shipping lanes, which Britain cannot tolerate in any way.

But now that Britain is fighting the Boer War, they have increased their troops to 250,000 in South Africa, and they are still increasing their troops, and it is impossible to go to war with Germany at the same time.

The British wanted to use China's hand to intervene in the Philippine issue, and they quickly approached the Chinese government, made considerable concessions, and after imposing certain restrictions on China's proposal, they agreed to extend the naval agreement between the two countries to the entire Pacific region.

The restriction is that China will not use this to seek territory in the Americas and will not infringe on the territorial security of Britain in Canada and the West Coast of the United States, and under such conditions, Britain will guarantee China's legitimate rights and interests on the West Coast of the Americas.