Chapter Eighty-Seven: The Great Migration
When preparations for the military parade were in full swing, Jiang Chuan also issued a will for the aftermath of the war in Shuzhou.
Shuzhou is exempt from taxation for three years; In addition, the imperial court will allocate funds year by year to help the people of Shuzhou rebuild their homes; At the same time, the people in the surrounding areas of Shuzhou are encouraged to go to Shuzhou to open up wasteland, and the land obtained from land reclamation is personal income, and they still enjoy the three-year tax exemption policy; In addition, for the surviving scholars in Shuzhou, the government can fund the capital to participate in the imperial examination; The Ministry of Officials will give priority to selecting officials to serve in Shuzhou, and there will be certain subsidies for officials serving in Shuzhou.
While the imperial court issued a series of preferential reconstruction policies for Shuzhou, it also called for merchants from all over the country to be encouraged to go to Shuzhou for business and trade, and to be exempted from commercial taxes for two years. If it is a person who has made great contributions to the reconstruction of Shuzhou, the imperial court will not only publicly commend it in the Daming Daily and notify the world, but also allow his children to participate in the scientific examination.
This last one suddenly aroused heated discussions, and many giant businessmen rushed to tell each other, and there were many discussions, and the flame of hope was ignited in their hearts.
You must know that under the ancient tradition of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, even if the children of poor peasant households who have no tiles on the road still have the qualifications to participate in the scientific examination, whether they can be admitted or not, whether they have the conditions to study or not, but the minimum qualifications have always been retained.
But the children of businessmen have never had this qualification, no matter how rich your family is, you are still not qualified.
So, many times the businessmen are rich and luxurious, but the social status is still very low. It is a luxury for them to want to pass the imperial examination to let their descendants enter the upper class.
Although there are some other informal ways for the children of merchants to qualify for the imperial examinations, such as keeping their children incognito in the homes of qualified people, etc., they are not the right way in the end. And once it is found out, the consequences are extremely serious, and it is even possible to exterminate the family.
Therefore, the greatest wish of rich businessmen is to be able to have a real official in their family, which has almost become the obsession and heart disease of generations of giant businessmen.
Now that the imperial court suddenly gave them this hope, they were naturally ecstatic, and they immediately became enthusiastic about going to Shuzhou to do business.
In life, the vast majority of people are only pursuing the word fame and fortune. These businessmen have been satisfied with the word "profit", and naturally there is only one word "name" left. What better name could be compared to fame?
Therefore, businessmen naturally flock to it.
After the enthusiasm of the businessmen was mobilized, many of the problems that had been troubled by the household department and the Ministry of Industry were easily solved. These wealthy businessmen often have strong transportation forces, and many have their own logistics systems.
Using the commercial power of the market to import all kinds of urgently needed materials to and from Shuzhou is far more efficient and cost-effective than the transportation capacity organized by the imperial court.
And the imperial court has not lost anything, just a few imperial examination places, which are simply counted in one fell swoop.
Although some Qingliu officials in the DPRK and China were dissatisfied with Jiang Chuan's use of the imperial examination quota to attract investment, and wrote a letter to criticize it, Jiang Chuan scoffed at it and ignored it.
Liberalizing the imperial examinations, making all strata of the whole people eligible to participate, and maintaining class mobility is one of the important measures to alleviate social contradictions, and this is something Jiang Chuan has long wanted to do. It's just that at present, it's just a matter of opening an opening first and seeing the effect.
Of course, if he let go all of a sudden, it would definitely not have the effect he has now. Scarce things are expensive, and little by little they release bait like squeezing toothpaste, so that these businessmen can maintain enough vitality and motivation to cooperate with the general policies of the imperial court.
At present, the population distribution on the mainland of Zhongzhou is the most densely populated in the south of the Yangtze River, followed by the Central Plains, and then the southeast, northwest, Liaodong, Shuzhou and other southwest regions have become the most sparsely populated areas.
In the case of immigration, the general principle is to move from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas. The largest migration movement in human history was the forced large-scale migration campaign carried out by Zhu Yuanzhang, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty.
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, because of the continuous wars, people in many places either died or fled, resulting in a large number of barren fields and sparse population, which led to the strange appearance of officials but not people.
Zhu Yuanzhang's hometown of Fengyang is a typical example, after the war, the population of Fengyang plummeted to only five people per square kilometer, and many places were barren grass and thorns at a glance, and there was no one to see on the road for several days.
If you open the "History of the Ming Dynasty", you will find that this phenomenon abounded in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty.
Yangzhou, which is known for its prosperity, was only 18 residents in the city by the third year of Longfeng (1357 AD). In the first year of Hongwu, Xu Da led his division on the Northern Expedition, passing through Hebei, and found that "the roads are all hazelnut jammed and the population is cut off". In the early years of Hongwu, Chen Xiu, the prefect of Jinan, played "the northern counties and counties, and the land near the city is barren". When Henan Weihui Mansion was in Hongwu for three years, "the natives were not more than 100, and the wells were sluggish".
Until the fifteenth year of Hongwu, there were still officials who said: "The Central Plains is the heart of the world, a land of ointment, because of the lack of manpower, it has been barren for a long time." ”
Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang said in the holy decree: "After the funeral, the Central Plains is reckless and the people are scarce. The so-called land and household registration increase, this is the urgent task of the Central Plains. ”
Faced with this situation, Zhu Yuanzhang mobilized administrative power to organize the largest government-organized migration activity in human history.
Zhu Yuanzhang organized a total of 13.4 million immigrants, accounting for one-fifth of the country's total population at that time. This is unprecedented and unique in the history of China and mankind.
"Ask me where my ancestors are, Shanxi Hongdong is ashamed of the tree." In most areas of the North China Plain today, there is a legend of the Great Shame Tree. This bizarre-sounding legend highlights the intensity of Zhu Yuanzhang's emigration, and the strictness and even harshness of the measures.
The thoughtful Zhu Yuanzhang was very successful in organizing immigrants. He condescended to determine the places to move out and to move in, according to the density of the population in each place, and the officials at all levels organized escorts, and distributed a certain amount of seeds, food, and agricultural tools to the migrants, so that they could quickly put down roots and live and work in peace and contentment after arriving in the new area.
From the point of view of history, this large-scale migration activity is a good thing that will be of great merit for a thousand years, and it is well planned, well-organized, and effective, and commendable.
However, from the perspective of the people who migrated north, such a great migration was full of sorrow and bitterness.
Folklore has it that at that time, in order to prevent people from escaping halfway, no one was registered, so a small cut was made on the little toe of his foot, so most of the immigrants in Shanxi were small toe heavy nails; Along the way, long ropes were tied, and officers and soldiers used knives and guns to threaten to escort them on the road.
Therefore, people have developed the habit of walking with their hands behind their backs, and even urinate must be reported to the commander, and the soldiers can untie their hands to make it convenient. Therefore, all over North China, going to the toilet is called a relief.
Zhu Yuanzhang's style has always been tough and domineering, and he has always done everything he does. This large-scale migration is mandatory, and who moves and who does not, how far they move, and where they move are all demarcated by the government. Those who understand must be implemented, and those who do not understand must still be implemented, and the people have no right to speak or know at all.
Shanxi has always been rich and has few rebellions, so the population has not lost much in the war, so it has become the largest place for population emigration. Nowadays, many of the ancestors of people in North China, Northwest China, and even Shandong, Anhui and other places are from Shanxi.
Such a forced relocation will inevitably cause many old, weak, sick and disabled people to fall on the way to the migration. Therefore, it is a great thing for the imperial court and history, but for these people who were forcibly relocated, it is a bloody and tearful experience.
Jiang Chuan knew something about this period of history when he was reading in his previous life. But it's just that as a long-term history viewer, I just sighed in my heart and sighed like this.
But now that he is in the position of Zhu Yuanzhang back then, when he looks at this matter again, he has a very different feeling.
Thinking about it, I can only admire the word.
To be able to make such an unprecedented and unique great migration, it must be an iron-blooded monarch like Zhu Yuanzhang.
However, although Jiang Chuan admired, he did not intend to copy Zhu Yuanzhang's method. After all, many realities are different.
He also has a resettlement plan in mind, but instead of forcing ordinary and good people to leave their hometowns and move to other places by coercive means, he uses more preferential policies and commercial means to attract people to migrate.
This process is certainly not as effective as Zhu Yuanzhang's, but the advantage is that it will not cause any more turmoil in the hearts of the people who have just settled down.
Tax exemption, clearing wasteland can be called landlords, regional tilt in the selection quota of the imperial examination, subsidies and special care from the government, etc., are all policy measures.
On the other hand, Egawa set his sights on the captives who had been in the war. These captives included Manchu Tartars, Mongols, and captives under Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong, and these people combined were nearly a million people.
Although many of them have been incorporated into the army, and some have been resettled as civilians, many of them have worked on specific farms in the army.
In the future, once they have reached the end of their working years, they can be relocated. In this way, the potential threat of these people can be eliminated and the void in sparsely populated areas can be filled, killing two birds with one stone.
For the captives, it is already very good to have such an ending, and they dare not have other extravagances.
The specific outline is available, and the details still need to be discussed and drawn up by Liu Ji and his ministers.
In the holy decree, in addition to promulgating various measures and policies for the post-war reconstruction of Shuzhou, Jiang Chuan also promulgated commendations for Di Qing and all the soldiers who participated in the war in the Southwest Theater.
In addition, Li Dingguo and Sun Kewang and others, who surrendered to the imperial court in advance and were anyway before the battle, praised the two as generals of Guide, and still served under Di Qing, and the rest of the meritorious people also had their own rewards.
When the general situation of the battle in Shuzhou was decided, and all that remained was to wrap up, the news came from the Liaodong Theater that the army of Fusang had marched into the Korean Peninsula.
Tokugawa Hidetada, the shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of the Fuso Kingdom, led 150,000 horses and thousands of warships across the strait, and landed on the Korean Peninsula in three ways.
Wangjing was besieged, and Baekje was in danger.