The four provinces of the country were divided into four military regions, and the soldiers were mainly recruited locally, while the officers were appointed by the higher authorities, and the old principle of officers and men being in different places was maintained. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

From this point of view, these young and Zhuang officers who presided over the reform have become mature and have begun to think about politics, otherwise Zhu Jinglun would not have been able to support the phenomenon that the officers were all in the local area.

In consideration of the serious problem of seniority in the French army, a large number of elites who graduated from military schools had to mix their qualifications with a group of rough people from the ranks, and the upper echelons of the army were full of marshals with old qualifications but no education.

This article made Zhu Jinglun hesitate for a long time before agreeing, because this content is obviously beneficial to the reformers, and to this group of young Zhuang who have returned from Europe, and there are also a group of rough people in the Ming Army, such as the current black dog, he is not only a rough person but also an old qualification, and this reform content is even set for him a bit.

However, from the perspective of the general direction, the professionalization and intellectualization of the army are indispensable.

Each military region has a standing army and a reserve force, and the standing army is a regular army on active duty without explanation, while the reserve force retains only the officer structure in peacetime, and reserve soldiers are urgently recruited in wartime, and the organizational structure can be quickly formed, and combat effectiveness can be formed through simple training.

Zhu Jinglun used political means this time, and it happened that a group of eliminated old officers had a place to go, and let them go to the reserve to take up their posts.

In principle, a military region is 100,000 people, and at the same time, it takes 10 years to train 300,000 reserve soldiers, and in wartime, it can be expanded to 400,000.

As a result, the military establishment has become the commander-in-chief of the military region, the commander of the army, the brigade commander, the battalion officer, the sentry officer, and the captain.

At the army and brigade levels, there are staff departments, but they are under the direct jurisdiction of the chief officer and are responsible for staff and military affairs.

At the military district level, it is under the direct control of the General Staff, which is directly responsible to the emperor.

The former Logistics Department, Personnel Department and Finance Department will be retained.

The logistics department is responsible for transportation and procurement, but now they have a new responsibility, that is, they have added a bureau in charge of railways, which is responsible for docking with the railway department under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Industry, providing advice on railway construction, formulating railway transportation exercises in peacetime, and directly taking over the railways in wartime.

The Ministry of Personnel was responsible for the promotion of officers, and was independent of any military institution and directly accountable to the Emperor. Officers at or above the brigade level must obtain the emperor's consent, and the personnel department can decide on its own for officers below the brigade level.

The Ministry of Finance is responsible for compiling and reviewing the budget and approving funds, while the Ministry of Finance is under the control of the Ministry of Households, but has the power to directly ask the emperor for instructions, and when necessary, it can ask the Emperor to interfere in the appropriation of funds from the Ministry of Households, so as to prevent the suppression and hostility of the military by the civilian government that is common in Western countries, and to prevent the emergence of a Chinese-style civilian clique using finance to oppress military generals.

After the preparation of the general outline for the reform of the armed forces was completed and approved by Zhu Jinglun, the detailed implementation rules were then compiled.

At this time, Zhu Jinglun was terrified, these young Zhuang factions were too bold, and they almost drove all the old officers out of the army.

The biggest reason why they went to study abroad back then was that they were all literate, and as for their cultural level, it was actually not very high, but in the past few years of study, most people have made a lot of progress, and when they come back, they can't look down on those officers from the bottom.

Zhu Jinglun didn't have such courage, he intervened, corrected some of the entries, and the officers who really retired to the reserve were so far, they really couldn't complete the literacy training, if Hou Jin was still in the army, he belonged to the object of elimination, but the black dog was barely able to read official documents, so it was not in this list, and if the original reform plan was followed, the black dog would also be kicked out.

The black dog was stayed, but a large number of officers from the peasant army were kicked out. For example, Zheng Jin, who surrendered from the original rebel army of the Great Hongguo, was among the targets that were eliminated. However, these young Zhuang factions did not mention the streamlining of the government, and they wanted to dismiss those soldiers from the peasant army, otherwise Zhu Jinglun would not be able to suppress them.

Of course, the main reason is that in this era, even in Western countries, there are a large number of illiterate people in the army, and the reason why French officers are anti-intellectual is that they are illiterate or born with a low level of education, and Prussia, Sweden and other countries that have completed compulsory education have no anti-intellectual situation.

However, the Prussian army under the management of Junkers also admired peasant soldiers, and those Junker officers from aristocratic backgrounds did not like urban soldiers until World War I, thinking that urban soldiers were too treacherous and inferior to simple rural soldiers, and Moltke Jr., the chief of the German General Staff during World War I, made similar remarks.

Therefore, no matter how you look at it, these peasant army soldiers, who are soldiers, are quite good soldiers.

Sure enough, reform always requires a group of frustrated people long ago, and Zhu Jinglun thought that this reform behind closed doors would not be too touching. As a result, after the final rules came out, it was still necessary to get rid of a large number of old departments.

These frustrated people can only be appeased, not for fear of their rebellion, but out of human considerations.

Zhu Jinglun personally received all the officers above the brigade level, three or four, five or six at a time, and told them that if they could not even understand orders in the army, it would really be very disadvantageous to the army. At the same time, they were told that they were not dismissed, but transferred to the reserves, and that they were busy in the reserves. Because in the next few years, they need to constantly repeat the work of recruiting recruits for training, and this work may be permanent, so their most important job in the future is to train the soldiers, and they do not need to be able to read and write, as for the official documents, they will be equipped with adjutants.

It's a good thing to say, in fact, these people are going to retire, and after ten years and eight years, when they are old, they will all retire.

The most painful personnel changes in the military reform have been carried out in an orderly and rapid manner, and the reorganization of brigade by brigade is the only benefit to those officers who have been transferred to the reserve forces, and they have all returned to their hometowns, which can be regarded as returning to their hometowns.

The mutiny that Zhu Jinglun had been worried about never happened, because the military salary was rich and the country was peaceful, even if they were transferred, they did not cut the military salaries of the officers, and they really couldn't find a reason to mutiny, and even if they defected, the soldiers would not follow.

In a word, the country is stable, there is no chance of turmoil politically, there is no urgency, and there is no determination to rebel psychologically, of course, there must be dissatisfaction, complaints are all over the place, when Zhu Jinglun met with him, he heard the most complaints.

Hei Gou not only kept his position, but was also appointed commander of the Guangdong Military Region, transferred him back from the long-serving Fujian, and separated him from the long-term Hakka Wukeng and other armies, and handed over to him the most elite army trained by soldiers from all over Guangdong.

It only took a month for the Reform Committee to transfer a large number of old generals and promote a large number of new people through various appointment and dismissal procedures, and the most promoted were the ones who returned from Europe, who were probably only battalion officers when they left, and it was not surprising that they were promoted to brigade commanders when they came back, and there were several who were promoted to army commanders, and the main basis for their promotions was only because the military papers published in Europe were insightful and recognized by everyone.

Obviously, among this group of officers, there are probably a few people who are high-eyed and low-handed, but they can't be tested for a while.

After the personnel changes of officers are completed, the most difficult reorganization of soldiers is carried out.

Divided into four military regions, the Guangdong troops in other places were transferred back, and the Fujian and Guangxi armies were retained, while the Jiangxi Military Region's troops even needed to be recruited and rebuilt on a large scale, because there were almost no old armies in Jiangxi that had been incorporated before, and such armies had long been wiped out in the tug of war between the Hunan army and the Taiping army, and there were no local militia groups like Fujian, nor a large number of green battalions in Guangxi.

The Fujian army also needed to be expanded, and soldiers could be recruited, but officers were not easy to train, so a large number of Cantonese officers were sent to Fujian. What is not easy to accept is that the Hakka armed forces in the Wukeng area in Guangdong have all been assigned to the Fujian Military Region. This reason has not been explained, but everyone knows that the more than ten years of Turkish and Hakist armed fights have made the relationship between the Hakka people and the native people of Guangdong incompatible, and now they are not intermarried. The Hakka army stayed in Guangdong, and it could only be discorded with the other armies of the Guangdong Military Region.

At the same time, the Hakka army was sent to Fujian, and there was also a reason to supervise the local forces in Fujian, although the Hakka people were at odds with the Cantonese natives, their loyalty was beyond doubt, because they were also Zhu Jinglun's troops, and like the Xin'an Army, they were elite old troops. Most of the local militia in Fujian came from the local militia that had been incorporated into the local militia and had a strong local color, and now a large number of Cantonese officers have been dispatched, and there is no guarantee of stability, so it still needs to be supervised in the short term.

Doubting the places under one's own rule does not seem to be authentic, the so-called employment is not suspicious, but that is just the stupid words of literati, and politically it is a mistake. Zhu Jinglun will not make this kind of mistake, compared to people's hearts, he prefers to believe in a mechanism that makes everyone unable to rebel, let this mechanism restrict everyone's rebellion, and then might as well praise their loyalty in a high-profile manner, this is politics!

A large-scale redeployment will set up the framework of the military region system before the end of the year.

But it seems that the action is big, but in fact the organizational structure has not changed much, because the establishment of various armies has not moved, the Xin'an Army is still the Xin'an Army, and the Wukeng Army is still the Wukeng Army, because of their merits, their names have not changed, so the foundation has not changed, so this large-scale transfer has never caused chaos, but is like a military mobilization exercise.

It's just that after such a big transfer, the organizational power at the top has completely changed.

On the surface, the biggest beneficiary should be Xie Qi, the chief of the General Staff, but no one would think that he could become the chief of the general staff who was in charge of the military power of the Ming Dynasty like Moltke, because he had an emperor above him who was much stronger than King William I of Prussia!

The new military system also included other aspects, such as the expansion of new military schools, the relocation of military schools from the small land of Dongjiao Field to Huangpu Village, and the appointment of new military academy instructors from among the officers in Europe, and the Ming Emperor personally assumed the post of honorary principal of the school, which was greatly supported by the majority of officers, because it meant that after attending the military school, he became a protégé of the Son of Heaven.

At this point, the military reform has only just been erected, and there is still a lot of work to come, but most of it is a step-by-step matter, and it will no longer affect the stability and combat effectiveness of the army.

At this time, Zhu Jinglun began to carry out reforms in other aspects.

At this time, it was already 1872, and this time the reform of rural education!