Section 297 Different technical systems
In fact, Trevisick no longer needs to prove the feasibility of high-pressure steam engines, because high-pressure steam engines have been widely used in China, and this kind of power is stronger than the Watt steam engine, but it is also more expensive than the Watt steam engine to promote the steam engine in China, which is also forced to be helpless.
The British banned the export of machinery, so that the most convenient source of Chinese machinery is the United States, the United States uses high-pressure steam engines, and as a result, it is also high-pressure steam engines that are brought into China.
The American-style high-pressure steam engine introduced in China was actually invented by someone similar to Trevisick.
That man's name was Oliver Evans, and he didn't come from a good background like Trevisik, but he was also considered middle-class, otherwise he wouldn't have been able to get a more cutting-edge science and technology education.
Born in 1755, Evans was 16 years older than Trivisik, and his father was a missionary who opened a shoe shop for a living. In 1802 he entered the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which gave birth to what became known as West Point, where he learned mechanics and mathematics from a carpenter.
Inventors have a unique personality, that is, they always want to change everything around them. Evans entered a textile mill at the age of 22 to work, mainly combing the teeth of the spinning wheel, which is a boring job, the spinning wheel will wind more and more cotton fibers in the process of working, and the fibers need to be cleaned down, otherwise it will affect the efficiency and even break the machine, which is generally carried out manually, and the dexterous little hands of British child laborers are very suitable for this job, but many of them are also pricked off tender little hands.
Evans felt that this mechanical work could be replaced by a machine, so he designed it and built a machine with the help of a blacksmith that cleaned 1,000 combs per minute. The invention did not change Evans' life, and he remained a poor worker. At the age of 27, he opened a rural shop in Takahoe, on the east coast of Maryland, and worked as a noodle mill owner for a few months. So he designed a continuous grinding production line, and it took him 7 years to make the world's first complete automatic grinding production line. Evans' production line greatly improves the efficiency of grain raw materials from the time they enter to the time they come out as smooth flour without the need for human labor.
By 1792, the production process he devised was becoming widespread among millers. But by this time Evans had accumulated a certain amount of capital, and he began to focus on the steam engine. In 1791, at the age of 36, Evans moved to Philadelphia to invent a horse-drawn carriage powered by steam, and the local government gave him a 14-year license to develop a steam engine.
And it really took him 14 years, and it wasn't until July 1805 that his machine was introduced, not just a steam engine, but an amphibious steam locomotive. The steam locomotive he invented, even more powerful than the steamships of the time, moved so much that thousands of American spectators watched his invention.
But the council, bewitched by the millers, did not renew the 14-year patent granted to him in 1790, and Evans's technique was copied by many mechanics for free, and Evans, who was already 50 years old, stopped making new inventions, but spent three years fighting for his legal rights. In 1808 he received patent compensation. He then invested in the construction of the first steam engine factory in the United States, and in the six years before his death, more than 100 stationary high-pressure steam engines were produced.
Like Trevisik, Evans invented many things, such as flour presses, gas lighting systems, and even designed steam-powered armored warships for President Madison to enable the American army to defeat the invincible British army.
Evans's high-pressure steam engine system was introduced to China through the Americans as early as when Evans obtained the patent rights. This kind of machine, which was not economical compared to the watt steam engine, but greatly improved its efficiency compared to human and animal power, soon became widespread in China.
Especially in China's earliest coal mine to popularize the steam engine, they want strong power, not coal saving, so this kind of high-pressure steam engine is very suitable for coal mines, quickly popularized in the mining industry, and then other industries have to accept the high-pressure steam engine with the most advantageous price because of large-scale production, but the Watt steam engine has not been able to gain a foothold in China.
Trevisik's high-pressure steam engine was much like Evans's, and his steam engine did not do anything with Evans' system.
This use on the train was an opportunity for him, so he was in a hurry.
His subordinates were even more anxious than he was. The backbone of Trivisik's men is a group of young Chinese mechanics, most of whom were just students who graduated from school ten years ago, and were assigned to Trivisick as assistants and apprentices. It is actually a good opportunity to follow this kind of genius inventor, but in a fast-growing country, people dare not stop.
They had been working with Trivisick for ten years, ten years ago they had started tinkering with steam locomotives, and ten years later they were still tinkering with steam locomotives, and many of their classmates had studied engineering and mechanics with the French scientific team, and many of them had now become independent experts in the Ministry of Engineering. The success of the construction of the Suez Canal has made many people famous and won high-ranking officials.
These railway mechanics and engineers are therefore holding back their desire to get the rail system out as soon as possible, so that their decade of hard work can pay off.
It was such a group of people who were really responsible for the construction, and the result was that they completed the track laying in three months by changing the construction method on the basis of the preset construction period of one year. There will definitely be problems, and they need to be discovered during the operation. But the reason why it is so fast is also related to the topography of the Zhangku Railway.
From Zhangjiakou to Kulun, the road is basically grassland and desert terrain, and you can't touch a mountain that you can see, and building a railway on this terrain is not too easy with the construction standards of this era. Because the railroads of this era basically did not have strict foundation construction, until the American Pacific Railroad 50 years later, many rails were laid directly on the grassland.
The daughters saw the news and immediately came to find Zhou Lang, it's not that they are really interested in the black train, they haven't taken a few trains in Nanjing, every time they have taken it, they come to Zhou Lang to exaggerate, and describe the train as very magical, but in fact, the two scheming girls don't like trains at all, they hate that soot stains their beautiful cloud brocade dress made of peacock feathers and kingfisher feathers, and they don't like soot staining their fair skin.
They knew that their emperor father liked it, so they had to pretend to like it.
Zhou Lang knew these careful thoughts of his daughters, but he didn't break them. He had a strange notion that he enjoyed the pleasing of his daughters, but if his sons did the same, he would get goosebumps, and he would feel that it was too numb, and that if he didn't get it, he would beat the sons.
The smart daughters and Zhou Lang continue to follow this kind of drama to please their father, they grew up in the palace and they are a group of drama spirits, and of course their acting will be very real.
They don't talk about the pollution caused by the train, they only praise the speed of the train, but what does this speed have to do with them?
The two girls were surprised and said that the newspaper described that it would only take ten days to get from Beijing to Russia after the opening of the train! They said that after the opening of the car, they would be able to go to the North Sea (Lake Baikal), where Suwu shepherded sheep, to escape the heat.
The palace has the habit of summer vacation every year, just like Emperor Yang of Sui likes to go down to the south of the Yangtze River every year, Zhou Lang and Emperor Yang of Sui have different purposes, he went to the summer vacation, and he went to Chengde where the Manchu Emperor went in the past, and the purpose of the summer vacation is also similar, that is, to contact the feelings of the north, and to meet those living Buddhas in Mongolia.
The political form of Mongolia at this time was very different from that of the Manchu Qing Dynasty. During the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the power of the Mongol princes was still very large, and Kangxi and Qianlong allied with the Mongols, mainly with these princes, especially those who had military power. However, in the early years of the Great Zhou Dynasty, after repeated tug-of-war with the Manchu Qing on the grassland, the power structure of the Mongolian steppe was greatly impacted.
The Mongols, who originally had a population of 1.8 million, took refuge in half of the Great Zhou and half of the Manchus in the war, resulting in extremely heavy casualties. After the Great Zhou unified the Mongolian steppe, it was found that the population of Mongolia was less than one million, and in the following years, the population continued to decline, because there were too many deaths and injuries among young and strong, and the population naturally declined, and the lowest time it fell to 500,000 people, and then began to stabilize, and began to grow slowly in recent years, but it only returned to 600,000 people.
Due to repeated tug-of-war, the surrender of the Great Zhou was mainly the Mongolian Eight Banners in Beijing in the past, they had a certain influence on the grassland, but they did not belong to the grassland, they were the banner people who entered the customs, and most of them could not even speak Mongolian. Most of the princes who were really influential in the steppe took refuge in the Manchus.
After Zhou Lang unified Mongolia, he did not restore the princely system, but directly replaced it with a civil official system. As a result, the princes, as a class, have completely disappeared in Mongolia. In its place, there is a bureaucratic system, in which most of the officials are also from the Mongolian plateau, and Mongolian children with relatively high education levels are selected to serve as officials through examinations.
But Zhou Lang retained another ruling class in the Mongolian steppe, the religious class. Zhou Lang did not touch thousands of lama temples, but allocated funds to repair these religious buildings many times, and affirmed the status of lamas. Most of the government offices of the Great Zhou Dynasty on the grassland were also built near these lama temples.
Zhou Lang knows very well how important these religious forces are to the stability of the people's hearts in the grassland, so where he goes every year is mainly to meet with these living Buddhas.
Now the princesses say that after the railway is built, they can go to Siberia for the summer, which is a good suggestion. Meeting with the Living Buddhas can play a role in winning people's hearts, and a visit to the Tsar's territory can also deepen relations with the Russians.
Russia has eased up in the past few years, and it has begun to become a little restless in Europe, and it seems that it can push them and show goodwill to Russia, so that Russia can rest assured that China will not engage them from their rear, so that they can dare to go to Europe to compete with confidence.