Aga was born in the northern Persian tribe of the Qajar tribe, a Turkic tribe of Mongol ancestry, which can be traced back to the Turkic tribal servants who followed the Persian army of the Hulagu Mongol military government, and they were nomadic in the Persian and Russian border areas, and the culture of nomadism and plunder has been passed down for thousands of years.

Therefore, killing and being killed is almost a common occurrence for the people of the Qajar tribe, but the fate of Aga is particularly tragic. When he was only six years old, his father was forced to flee after a defeat in a battle with King Sadil of the Arshaf dynasty, and Aga became a prisoner of Sadil and was tortured by the palace and became a eunuch from an early age.

Later, in the palace of the Sand dynasty, established by the Kurds, he served as a eunuch by the emperor's side for twenty years, and suffered humiliation ("Aga" means eunuch). Later, after several tribulations, he finally returned to his own tribe, united the military forces of the Turkic tribes that could be united, established his own power, and used Tehran as a stronghold (Tehran was still a small village at this time), and began to expand until he unified the whole territory of Persia.

I don't know if it was because of the influence of his own tragic fate, or because he was accustomed to the habit of violence, Agar's expansion was very brutal, and every time he attacked a city, he had to burn and loot, either slaughter the city, or send the stolen women to his military subordinates as slaves, or gouge out the eyes of tens of thousands of residents. Later, the tyrannical king was killed by two of his servants.

The Qajar dynasty was established in 1779 and unified all of Persia in 1796, so the brutality of the dynasty has not faded from memory, and the Persian commoners and other tribes have simply succumbed to violence. And after the establishment of the Kaija Dynasty, it has been cowardly externally, in 1804, it was taken away by Russia, Armenia was taken away by Russia, and the British came again after Russia, forcing the Kaija Dynasty to sign a large number of unequal treaties, brutal internally, weak externally, such a dynasty, it is impossible to get the recognition of the people at the bottom, and make the high-level elite feel ashamed, and it is difficult to unite against the enemy when encountering a blow.

As a result, when the cold wind of Central Asia and the rolling Eight Banners Iron Cavalry entered Persia, the Persian army was crushed.

After conquering Persia, Daoguang encountered a problem, how to rule Persia?

This is an ancient country like China, familiar with the classic Daoguang of the Han people, and admires the Chinese management model. He tried to rule the Persians in the same way as the Han Chinese, so that the farming Persians became Han people, and the surrounding nomadic tribes ruled according to the Mongolian way, but the Persians had a completely different religious culture from the Chinese so that he gave up this plan.

Unlike the Han people, the grassroots elite of the Han people is the gentry class, and their ideological concepts are Confucian, and they pay attention to the idea of loyalty to the monarch. But the grassroots elite of the Persians are religious leaders, elders. What worries Daoguang the most is that these religious leaders are organized, and unlike loose Confucianism, their religion is not loyal to the king, but only to their gods.

The emperor didn't really care about what the common people believed, they only cared about whether this belief would pose a threat to them.

Obviously, this kind of uncontrolled religious organization was not welcomed by the emperor of the great centralized authority.

After repeated discussions with his ministers, Daoguang decided to adopt a policy of organizing households and people once and for all, bringing all Persians into the Eight Banners system and religion under the government's management. There is a lesson to be learned from this, when Jiaqing first began to rule the Hui tribe, he ignored this situation, and as a result, when he brought the Hui tribe to the Kokand Khanate, the Hui tribe immediately became uncontrolled. In the end, Jiaqing had to re-purge the religious forces of the Hui and send officials to rule once and for all. Jiaqing did not change the beliefs of the Muslims, but gave the government the power to organize religious activities, and let the officials he sent to exercise these duties, rather than religious leaders.

Daoguang also wanted to pursue this kind of policy, and he wanted to put the power of appointing religious leaders in the hands of the government, in his hands, rather than having a higher religious leader appoint a lower level of religious leaders.

The work began with the less populous, but more unruly border nomadic tribes, because these tribes were more dangerous, with the experience of Afghanistan, Daoguang's butcher's knife was constantly wielded, the dare to resist the slaughter, and the tame reorganization. The nomadic tribes soon succumbed, or became extinct.

It then began to be carried out among the Persians, who were numerous, but among the seemingly weak agricultural Persians they met with stronger resistance than the nomadic tribes, and met with revolts that were not encountered by the Azerbaijanis, the Kurds, the Arabs, the Bakhtiari, the Lurs, the Baluchis, and the Turkmans.

It's a religious war! Similar wars, the Europeans fought for thirty years, such wars, the Chinese have not fought, no one knows how to fight.

Daoguang even regretted it a little. But this is war, and once the knife is pulled out, it is not up to anyone to take it back.

Daoguang had to gamble all the chips, all the accumulation of Jiaqing over the past ten years, the farming bases in the Ferghana Basin, the vast pastures in Afghanistan and the Syr Darya Valley, all needed to contribute all the wealth to this war.

After all, this is not a pure religious war, it is more of a religious reform, a reform of political suppression of religion, not the abolition of religion or conversion, or even a war of religious change.

Under the bloody slaughter, the Persians persevered for a year and finally compromised, and in some places the religious leaders led the believers to carry out a tragic war of encirclement and suppression, just like the people of Jiangnan in order to keep their clothes and crowns, they chose to defend to the death, and finally died with the city they defended. But more and more religious leaders relinquished their power, and they were kept in captivity like living Mongolian Buddhas, no longer preaching, no longer receiving believers, but as a symbol, kept in deep temples. And their devotees, the Lambs of God, were kept in captivity by officials chosen by the alien powers, but not in the temples, but in the wilderness.

Is it hard to say whether they were freed, or if they were given another shackle?

After the occupation of Persia, the Eight Banners Empire reached its peak, and the population under his rule reached tens of millions.

Among them, the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty, which are mainly for farming, the Eight Banners of Persia that are newly included in the rule, and the Eight Banners of Mongolia, the Eight Banners of Huibu, the Eight Banners of Kokand, the Eight Banners of Bukhara, the Eight Banners of Pashtun, the Eight Banners of Turkman, the Eight Banners of Azerbaijan, the Eight Banners of Kurds, and so on.

Then, in order to facilitate management, Daoguang began to merge, according to different beliefs and cultures, the Eight Banners were divided into the Mongolian Eight Banners that believed in Buddhism, the Eight Banners of the Hui Department and the Eight Banners of Persia, which believed in Islam, and the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty, which believed in everything and did not believe in anything.

Among them, the number of Hui Eight Banners is the largest, accounting for 4 million people, the Mongolian Eight Banners has the smallest population, only about 400,000 people, the Han Eight Banners have a population of more than 3 million, and the Persian Eight Banners have a population of more than 2 million, but the Manchurian Eight Banners have disappeared in history.

Despite its population of 10 million, the Qing Empire was a purely agricultural and pastoral empire, with industry and commerce almost completely controlled by the state, and private handicraft industry was very weak.

In terms of status, the most populous Hui Eight Banners are the restricted ethnic groups, and the Mongolian Eight Banners, which have the smallest number of people, are the most relied on ethnic groups.

The composition of the Eight Banners of the Hui is complex, scattered across a vast land from the Tianshan Mountains to the Caspian Sea, from the Kazakh Desert to the Kundula Pass, speaking dozens of languages, wearing dozens of costumes, and most of them do not even have their own script. The Manchu government strictly restricted nomadism, and of the four million people, more than 3 million belonged to the internal Hui tribe under the direct jurisdiction of the government, and less than a million were foreign Hui tribes, whose princes had military power and maintained intermarriage relations with the Manchu magnates.

The Mongolian Eight Banners have the smallest number, but they have replaced the Manchurians to become the Qing Dynasty, their official name is the Manchurian and Mongolian Eight Banners, and the Manchurians and Mongolians have been one, because there were too few Manchurians who fled to Ili with Jiaqing, but there were relatively more Mongols, Jiaqing adopted the policy of Manchurian officers and Mongolian soldiers, and the herdsmen from the outer Mongolian domains acted as soldiers, and the Manchurian Eight Banners acted as officers, so that the Manchurian Eight Banners were integrated into the Mongols, and finally the Eight Banners were compiled, and they were integrated into the Mongolian tribes such as the Turks.

However, despite their small numbers, the Mongols provided most of the soldiers for the northern and southern conquests, which also caused their population to not grow for a long time. The Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty that settled in the Ferghana Basin had less than 300,000 Han Chinese at the earliest, and the Han Chinese immigrants that Jiaqing painstakingly attracted from China combined were only 500,000. Jiaqing arranged for them to marry Hui women, and in just 20 years, the population increased tenfold, and at that time, there were 200,000 Turks from Outer Mongolia and Ili and other places, which only increased by half in so many years.

Although the status of the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty is not as high as that of the Eight Banners of the Mongols, it has achieved a status similar to that of the Mongols in the Manchu Qing Dynasty in the past. The status of the Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty is not as high as the Eight Banners of Manchu and Mongolia, but it is higher than the Eight Banners of Persia than the Eight Banners of the Hui Department. The Eight Banners of the Han Dynasty provided the vast majority of civil officials, the vast majority of craftsmen and the vast majority of infantry. He was the backbone of Manchu rule.

The Eight Banners of Persia had the lowest status, similar to the Han Chinese during the Manchu rule in China. Before the Persians, the proportion of the population in Persia was slightly more than half, and the gap between the population ratio of the Han people in China was too large, so it could not form an overwhelming advantage over other ethnic groups, but as an agrarian people, the proportion of craftsmen and scholars among the Persians was still higher than that of the nomads in Persia.

These craftsmen and officials have generally been suppressed, and in the short term, they can still use military forces to bring the other party to their knees, and after a long time, they will definitely resist.

In order to control the Persians more strictly, in addition to sending various cattle to lead the management of the grassroots Persians, and implementing the Ten Cards in his eyes, Daoguang also began to move into the Han people in the central and eastern parts of Persia, where the Persians lived.