In 290 AD, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty Sima Yan died, Sima Yan's name An Shi, a native of Wen County, Hanoi (now Wen County, Henan), the founding monarch of the Jin Dynasty, reigned from 265 to 290. Sima Yisun, the eldest son of Sima Zhao, the second year of Wei Xianxi, in December (February 4, 266), Sima Yan forced Emperor Wei Yuan to concede, that is, the emperor's throne, and the country name Jin. Sima Yan's evaluation of Sima Yan can be summed up as the front is bright and dark, Sima Yan was able to practice frugality in the early stage of his ascension, humbly accept advice, employ people on the basis of merit, and carried out a series of reforms, and in the later period, he was keen on comfort and pleasure, so that he was extravagant, and the monarch and the minister were rich. If these problems are not considered to shake the national capital of the Western Jin Dynasty, then on the issue of heirs, it is completely Sima Yan's pot, and no one can whitewash him, Sima Yan is in various reasons, and he has set up the crown prince Sima Zhen as the emperor, which is Sima Yan's biggest failure!

Many people say that Sima Zhen is an idiot and a fool, but I disagree with that. I have always believed that Sima Zhen is the same type as Forrest Gump in "Forrest Gump", and there is not much difference in intelligence level, both around 70. The so-called history books are just the historical face that the ancients wanted us to see, so what is the real historical face?

If we combine the "Book of Jin", "Zizhi Tongjian" and "Book of Wei" to look at it comprehensively, we will find that whether it is the Book of Jin cultivated by the Tang Dynasty or the Zizhi Tongjian written by the Song people, or the Book of Wei written by the Northern Qi people, except for the Book of Wei, neither the Zizhi Tongjian nor the Book of Jin clearly record Sima Zhen's idiotic deeds.

Here we first understand that in the concept of psychiatry

Idiocy is the heaviest category of mental deficiency. Idiot patients are often accompanied by other physiological abnormalities, such as abnormal skull morphology, deformity of the proportion of head or limb to body, etc.; Most are unable to speak, can only utter some primitive call signs to express their emotions, and cannot understand the meaning of other people's words; Insensitive, not knowing how to avoid ordinary physical hazards (e.g., vehicles, fire, etc.).

Imbile is a type of idiocy that is slightly milder than idiocy, and is often accompanied by physical abnormalities or deformities, naïve emotions, and can learn to speak, but some have slurred words and poor vocabulary; After education and training, they may learn to write their own names, read short sentences, and call out the names of common objects, but their comprehension is very poor, and the concept of logarithms is very vague. One of the main differences between an idiot and an idiot is knowing to dodge ordinary physical dangers.

Moron is the mildest type of mental retardation, generally has no physical deformities, has better speech development, but develops later than normal children, has no difficulty in using daily life vocabulary, but has very little grasp of abstract conceptual vocabulary; Although the sensory organs are intact, the perception is not sensitive, the understanding of surrounding affairs is very slow, the lack of assertiveness and the will is weak, and it is easy to be seduced or used by others; There may be normal emotional reactions, but they are often limited to some primitive simple emotions, and can only be expressed in a straightforward and brutal form. Among these three types of patients, the fertility of idiots and fools is very low, and the fertility of fools is close to normal.

In addition to some of the above symptoms, intelligence tests are often used to assist in diagnosis, and it is generally stipulated that those with an Intelligence Quotient below 20 are idiots, 20~50 are stupid, and 50~70 are stupid. Note that Forrest Gump's IQ level is 75.

Here we will comprehensively analyze five points.

1. Reading and writing skills

2. Feelings and expressions of the external environment:

3. Exercise of power and its limits:

4. Fertility:

5. Mental activity expressed through language when the external environment changes:

1. Reading and Writing Skills:

1: When Sima Zhen answered Sima Yan's exam questions, it was drafted by Zhang Hong, and then copied by Sima Zhen.

2: When Yang Jun found out that Sima Liang was preparing to crusade against him, he personally took out Sima Zhen's edict.

3: When Jia Nanfeng deceived the King of Chu, the King of Runan, and Wei Qian, he used Sima Zhen's own handwritten secret edict.

Linking these historical information, it can be seen that Sima Zhen not only has good writing skills, but also can read more complex written materials.

2. Feelings and expressions of the external environment:

1: When Chen Qian, the founding father of the Western Jin Dynasty, died, Emperor Hui looked at the coffin and wept bitterly.

2: In the first year of Jianwu, Emperor Hui went to Wen County, the birthplace of Sima, to meet the emperor's mausoleum, Emperor Hui lost his shoes, so he had to wear the shoes of the attendants, and thanked the attendants, leaving tears, and the attendants on the left and right were embarrassed.

3: When Emperor Hui arrived in Chang'an, he participated in politics in the old palace, and he was sad.

It shows that he has a certain ability to feel and express himself in the outside world. And when the external environment changes, Huidi will also change his actions.

1: Zhang Fang took 3,000 cavalry and covered a chariot with Yang Suiqing to welcome Emperor Hui. Just as he was about to pay his respects, Emperor Hui bowed down and stopped Zhang Fang. 2: Emperor Hui was later robbed by Zhang Fang to Chang'an, and the king of Hejian took 30,000 foot horses to meet the overlord. Sima Hao bowed in front of him, and Emperor Hui got out of the car to stop.

Both of these events occurred in the first year of Jianwu (304 AD), when Emperor Hui had reigned for more than ten years, and the impression that being worshiped by people should have been deeply imprinted in his mind, and he could make the act of stopping people's worship, which cannot be said to be out of an understanding of the changes in the situation.

3. Exercise of power and its limits:

As the supreme ruler, Emperor Hui nominally held the supreme power, but in practice the extent of power he could exercise is subject to a specific analysis.

1: At the instigation of Empress Jia, when Emperor Hui made an edict to abolish Yang Jun, Yang Jun's nephew Duan Guang, a regular attendant, knelt in front of Sima Zhen and said bitterly: 'Yang Jun is lonely and childless, how can it be unreasonable, may Your Majesty judge him!' Hui Di did not speak. I don't think Emperor Hui answered Duan Guang's words, which can't be understood as his dementia and unresponsiveness, and this just shows his attitude towards this matter. He acquiesced in Jia Nanfeng to bring down Yang Jun and bring down the Yang family, although this matter was more or less instigated by Jia Nanfeng behind his back.

2: The best embodiment of this is when King Zhao usurped the throne, Sima Wei came to snatch the jade seal in the hands of Emperor Hui, and the two broke Emperor Hui's finger in the robbery. ’

Appi, Sima Wei small characters also. So he was punished. ”

But on more important issues, Emperor Hui could not exercise the power of the supreme ruler exactly as he wished, as was the case with Empress Dowager Yang. Emperor Hui retreated step by step under the pressure of the ministers instructed by Empress Jia, reflecting that although Emperor Hui had his own opinions on many things, he was also controlled by others and could not insist on his own opinions. There are many similar situations, such as on the issue of Zhang Fang forcing Emperor Hui to move the capital to Chang'an, Emperor Hui's reaction was also reluctant, but after all, he was swayed by others.

4. Fertility:

According to historical records, Emperor Hui had several children, the prince was born to Mrs. Xie, and Empress Jia also gave birth to princesses of Hedong, Linhai, Shiping and the princess of Mourning. And when Empress Jia was the crown princess, "or threw a halberd to conceive a concubine, and the son fell to the ground with the blade", Emperor Wu of Jin wanted to depose Concubine Jia, and Zhao Cang persuaded her with "Concubine Jia is young, and jealousy is a woman's affection", so there is no doubt that the concubine is the child of Emperor Hui. It can be seen from this that Emperor Hui not only has fertility, but also must not be considered inferior.

5. Mental activity expressed through language when the external environment changes:

1: In the later period of Emperor Hui's reign, there were many changes, wars were incessant, and Emperor Hui himself was repeatedly in danger, from the question and answer between Emperor Hui and Lu Zhi, it was shown that Emperor Hui was quite concerned about the changes in the situation, in addition, it can also be seen that Emperor Hui had a certain concept of numbers, he saw the sharp decrease in the number of guards and attendants and asked, Lu Zhi told "the thief went to Ye Shang eighty miles", so that Emperor Hui could understand the situation at that time and decided to go to Luoyang.

2: The most dangerous time in Emperor Hui's experience was in the Battle of Dangyin, and here are those classic words, the emperor said: 'My officials, don't harm them.' The people said, "I am ordered by my brother, but I will not offend your majesty." 'Then behead it, and the blood stains the emperor's robe. will wash it, and the emperor said: 'Ji serves the blood, don't wash it.' ’

From this account, it can be seen that Emperor Hui was still able to express his own wishes before the Flying Arrow, but because his power had been stripped away by the orders of his younger brother, he was unable to save Ji Shao. But he was still haunted by this matter, and insisted on not washing the emperor's clothes with Ji Shao's blood stains afterwards, which obviously contained deep feelings. And with such deep feelings, it is not something that others can speak.

Moreover, the person who welcomed Emperor Hui from Dangyin to Yecheng was Lu Zhi, the uncle of Lu Qi, who wrote "The Rise of the Four Kings", and Lu Qi himself was also in Yecheng at that time, so the source of this record is quite direct. So, can you imagine that this sentence came from the mouth of an idiot? In this regard, Hu Sansheng first raised questions, and after recording this incident in the "Tongjian", he commented: "Who is the emperor stupid!" In modern times, Mr. Lu Simian also believes that this sentence "is not like the language of idiots."

Although none of the above quotations are the records of clinical examinations of doctors, but only the records of historians, and some of them are second-hand or even third-hand or fourth-hand records, so it is inevitable that there are some exaggerations or deviations from the facts, but when these records are taken together, we can still draw a general impression of Emperor Hui and his person:

Ability to read and write complex texts;

have language skills, and the vocabulary is not yet very poor;

The feeling of the external environment and things is not very slow, and can also recognize the impact of these changes on oneself to a certain extent, and express one's feelings through language or other means;

He has a certain understanding of his own power and can exercise this power to some extent, of course, in many cases Emperor Hui cannot insist on his own opinions, and often submits to the will of others;

Be of childbearing potential;

There is a certain concept of numbers, etc.

From a medical point of view, Emperor Hui is obviously not an idiot nor a fool, but can only be classified as foolish, and in some aspects, such as the ability to read and write, the amount of vocabulary and the speed of reaction to changes in external things show that he is still a good part of foolishness.

Now that we have a general idea of Emperor Hui's intelligence, it is easy to understand why he was made the crown prince and was able to inherit the throne. Foolishness is the mildest category of mental retardation, and its individual differences are very large, and the mild patients are close to normal people. Sima Yan's understanding of Emperor Hui is based on such a foundation, and Emperor Wu, due to the influence of his own subjective will and the interference of some of the above-mentioned factors, has a higher evaluation of Emperor Hui's intelligence than his actual level, and I think this is the crux of understanding that Emperor Hui was able to succeed to the throne.

It should be pointed out that it is not easy for a person of such an intellectual level as Emperor Hui to have a correct understanding, not only in ancient China more than a thousand years ago, but also for the relatives of patients in modern countries with developed medicine.

During his lifetime, Sima Yan had already arranged for ministers to assist Emperor Hui in his rule, hoping to create a state of equilibrium in which all forces were opposed to each other, so as not to lose power. Because of the decentralization of power, any attempt by either side to upset the equilibrium must be constrained by the others. However, because Emperor Hui completely lacked the ability to govern the country, he could only become a puppet at the mercy of others, and this void of supreme power led to the endless pursuit of supreme power by all parties, thus forming a cycle of equilibrium establishment and breaking, re-establishment and breaking. Because all sides do not have an overwhelming advantage over each other, it is a natural choice to use external forces to break this balance of power. This caused the outbreak of potential ethnic contradictions, and at the same time that the balance of power was broken, the balance of inter-ethnic constraints was also broken, which opened a page in the history of China.