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The six stories behind the inner chapter of Zhuangzi are worth repeating. In particular, the second story has "The little man of heaven, the gentleman of man; The gentleman of man and the villain of heaven. "This sentence is the most worth mentioning.

In fact! Every story is worth a revisit, and it's worth reading carefully.

Let's start with the first story.

The first story is the change, the evolution of the preaching, the change and evolution of all things.

Zixi, Ziyu, Zili, and Zilai said in harmony: "Who can take nothing as the head, life as the spine, and death as the spine; I am a friend of those who know that life and death are alive and dead! The four of them looked at each other and smiled, not against their hearts, so they became friends.

Zici asked, "Do you hate such a crooked appearance?" ”

Ziyu replied: "No, how can I hate it?" If the Creator turns my left arm into a rooster, I will use it to tell the truth; If the Creator had gradually turned my right arm into a slingshot, I would use it to roast and eat turtledoves. Wouldn't it be better if the Creator had turned my ass into a wheel, and I would have turned my spirit into a horse, and I would no longer have to ride in someone else's carriage? I can go wherever I want.

As for the acquisition of life, it is because of the timing, and the loss of life is because of compliance; Settle for the right time and conform to it, and neither sorrow nor joy will invade the heart, which is what the ancients said about liberating the suffering of inverted hanging.

What is the suffering of inverted hanging? That is, you have thoroughly understood the meaning of life, returned to the Tao, and are no longer bothered by worldly concepts.

And those who can't free themselves, most of them are bound by external things, burdened by the world, and can't extricate themselves. Let alone! The change of things is not subject to human will, and none of us can change this fact. I've been understanding this for a long, long time. So! How could I be disgusted with being what I am now? ”

Soon after, Zilai also fell ill and was about to die while panting for breath, and his wife and children gathered around the bed and wept.

Zili went to visit, and when he saw this, he shouted to Zilai's wife and children: "Go, go away!" Don't disturb his transformation from life to death! ”

Zili leaned against the door frame and said, "Great! Creator! And what will it turn you into, and where will it send you? Turns you into a rat's liver? Or will it turn you into the arms of flying insects? ”

The son said: "Parents give birth to children, is there still a choice for children? We can't decide whether we live, we can't decide whether our life comes to this world or not. So! Regardless of east, west, north and south, they can only obey the orders and dispatch, and their fate is arranged.

What the Creator is going to become, just as parents give birth to children, we have no choice as children; So! If the Creator lets me die and I don't listen, then I'm too arrogant, and what's wrong with it?

The Creator used the earth to carry my form, to feed myself through labor, to rest with aging, and to rest with death. So! If you have been so kind to me in life, you will be so kind to me after death.

If there is a skilled smelter who is casting a metal vessel, and the metal is melted and jumps up and says, 'I want to be a good sword,' the smelter will inevitably think that it is an ominous metal.

If a pregnant woman is born in the womb today, and that life says, 'I'm an adult, I'm an adult,' the person's parents will inevitably think that this person is an inauspicious person.

If heaven and earth are a melting pot, and the Creator is a skilled smelter, and he wants to turn me into whatever I want, do I have a choice? Is it possible for me to be a good sword and no evil? ”

The end of life is like sleeping over. The beginning of a new life is like waking up in the morning with a surprise.

The second example is the state of life after preaching. The difference between Taoism and Confucianism in the realm of life is that one looks at life from the height of Taoism, and the other looks at human feelings from a secular perspective.

Standing on the height of the Tao, life is free, and standing on the world's point of view, life is rigid. A climbs to the sky and wanders in the fog, scratching and picking endlessly, forgetting each other to live, and ending up with nothing! But benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, courtesy, gentleness, frugality, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith are all things that bind people's hearts, and they are all things that deal with world affairs, rather than the fundamental methods to solve human and social problems.

To solve the fundamental problem of human beings, we must have a broad realm and a long-term vision, and do not stand on the narrow perspective of people and society. The first thing to solve is the outlook on life, and it is necessary to give the people of the world a correct outlook on life, the world, and the universe.

The original article gives such an example:

Zi Sanhu is dead and has not yet been buried. Confucius found out and sent his student Zigong to help with the funeral. Mencius and Ziqin Zhang were arranging music and playing the piano, singing in harmony with each other: "Oh, Zi Sanghu! Oops, Zi Sango! You have returned to your true nature, to the Word. But what about us? We are alive, still individuals! I envy you! What will the Tao change you? ”

Seeing this, Zigong walked quickly to them and asked, "I take the liberty of asking the two of you, is it proper for you to sing to the corpses of the dead like this?" ”

Mencius and Ziqin Zhang looked at each other and smiled, and said disdainfully: "Those Confucians who don't understand what life is, how can they understand the true meaning of etiquette!" ”

When Zigong returned, he told Confucius what he had seen, saying, "Who are they?" They don't have any moral cultivation at all, they look like people, and they still give people the impression that they are still individuals, but what do they do? I really don't dare to compliment it. They sang in front of the corpses of the dead, and their countenances and countenances did not change at all, and there were no words to describe them. Who are they? ”

Confucius said, "They are all people who are free from the shackles of secular etiquette and are free from secular society, but I, Confucius, are people who live in a secular environment." People who live outside the world and people who live outside the world have different lifestyles and concepts. Alas! But I asked you to go and mourn, we are not in the same circle of life! I'm so shallow!

They are companions with the Creator, and they are free in the heavens and the earth, and they are one with all that is in the heavens and the earth. They regard human life as superfluous as a tumor, and think that life is just a life process. They see human death as the rupture of a carbuncle after suppuration, and they think that the death of one thing is the beginning of another.

How can people like them care about who comes first or who comes after life? It doesn't matter to them whether the dead are alive or the living, there is no distinction between dead and alive, first and last.

They see themselves as any thing, and they don't think they have to be people, but anything. Because! Human beings, like all things, come from the Tao, but the results of their transformation are different.

They regard themselves as any thing, whatever they are, and they only pin themselves on this object; They are still them, and the external object is just a kind of sustenance, and the external object is just an external appearance.

So! They have forgotten the liver and gallbladder in the body, the ears and eyes outside the body, and the thoughts...... Think of yourself as the Tao, as evolution. And then! Enter the cycle of life and death of this thing and the life of another thing.

Wandering outside the world, living freely in an environment where no action is required. So! How could they go to the trouble of following worldly rituals and thus exposing themselves to the eyes and ears of others? ”

Zigong said, "So, what are the rules that the gentleman follows?" ”

Confucius said, "I, Confucius, am a sinner punished by the heavens." Even so! I will continue to work with you. ”

Zigong asked, "Is there any good way?" ”

Confucius replied: "Fish compete to enter the water, and people compete to learn the Tao." Fish competing to throw themselves into the water can dig the ground into a pond and provide sufficient supplies; Those who are vying to learn the Tao are not burdened by the world, and they look indifferent and inactive, and their minds can be peaceful.

Therefore, with the pond, the fish forget the happiness in the rivers and lakes. With Taoism, people forget the shackles of the world, and they don't know that the social environment still exists.

You know what? None of this is the solution! Fish are free and happy only when they live in the rivers and lakes. And people! I can't get rid of the social environment! Learning the Tao is not the fundamental solution to social problems! So! I want to join you: the revolution has not yet succeeded, comrades still have to work hard! ”

Zigong said, "Take the liberty of asking again? What is Freak? ”。

Confucius replied: "The so-called freaks are people who are not bound by the world, and they seek equality with nature. But! But they live with us as if they were no different from us. Other words! People who are not bound by the world and can fit into our lives are called 'freaks'. So! Some people commented on them like this: The villain of the sky is a gentleman in the world; The gentleman of the world is a villain in the sky.

What is the Villain of Heaven? The little people in the sky mean that they understand the position of people in heaven and earth, understand the position of people in society, and know how to be people. ”

The text that follows the above is an explanation of "the villain of the sky and the gentleman of the man". Through these words, we can see that Taoists do not live in an illusory world, they live all around us.

The big is hidden in the court, the middle is hidden in the city, and the small is hidden in the wilderness, and they live all around us. They understand man's place in heaven and earth, man's place in society, and how to behave.

They are not bound by the world and seek equality with nature. But! But they live around us as if they were any different from us. Other words! They are not bound by the world, but they are able to integrate into people who live like us.

Before the Word, they were one thing, just a species like all things. This species is called "human". So! They are called "Little Men of Heaven".

In society, they are just like us. Able to blend in with the lives of those around you, but without being bound by the world. So! They are called "gentlemen of men".

In the next third story, Meng Suncai is used as an example to explain how to integrate into life without being bound by the world, which is worth reading and savoring.

Meng Suncai didn't care about the beginning of life, nor did he care about the end of life. He is not only concerned with the beginning and end of human life, but also with the beginning and end of the life of all things. This thing dies and the other thing lives, and life is so endless, why should we care about the joy of life and the sorrow of death? Why should you care if it's your husband or die first?

He adapts to the changes of nature and accomplishes what he ought to become, in anticipation of changes that he is not aware of! Besides, there is a change on the horizon, how can it not be changed? Even if it doesn't change, how do you know if it hasn't changed!

To know! The Tao is changing and evolving all the time. The emergence of any life is just a life process. So! And why care about the change or not of life and death?

It's just me and you! It's like a dream and I haven't woken up yet!

The men were dead and remaining, but it didn't hurt their spirits. The outer form is like an apartment, and death is like a new one, and their spirit will begin to find a new one.

Only Meng Sun woke up, and when people cried, he cried with him, which was the reason why he followed the customs of the locals, and he respected the funeral customs of the people around him.

Moreover! People always use their external appearance to claim that this is me, so how do they know that this external image is me?

I am the Word! I am all things! I can be everything! Who knows what will change us?

It's like turning into a bird in your dream and flapping your wings and flying straight into the blue sky. If you become a fish in your dreams, you can wag your tail and dive into the abyss.

I wonder if these people we are talking to today are awakened people? Or is it a dreamer?

When the happy mood comes, it's too late to laugh out loud. When I laughed, I didn't have time to do anything to show it. So! Don't make any arrangements, go with the flow, accept the cycle of death and life, enter the realm of endless life, integrate into the Tao, and become one with heaven and earth.

If we have the mentality of Meng Suncai to live, what kind of life circle can't we fit into?

"Follow the customs", Meng Suncai performed to the extreme.

The fourth example is the difference between the preacher's way of dealing with the world and the worldly way of dealing with the world.

Tell us that we have chosen to be bound by men, to be "marked on your forehead by torture, so that you may remember what righteousness is; He cut off your nose with a slash, so that you could remember what right and wrong are." Or to be a truly free person?

The fifth example is to sit and forget, only by forgetting the worldly things and reconstructing the outlook on life, can we have a leisurely journey.

In fact! It's explaining how to take off.

The sixth and final example is fate.

Life is not subject to human will to be transferred or changed.

Ziyu sighed: "This is fate!" When we try to change but can't, that's fate! When a person believes in fate and does not strive to change, the result can only passively accept the facts and continue the status quo, which is not fate, this is artificial. When a person believes in his fate and does not try to change, the result really changes. It's not fate, it's a coincidence! Life! The result that does not appear as a result of human will or imagination is fate! ”