Shi Jingjiao, his father's name is 臬捩 (niè liè) chicken, Ouyang Xiu said that "his surname is Shi, and he doesn't know the beginning of his surname". Xue Juzheng compiled the "History of the Old Five Dynasties" and said that Shi Jingjiao was a native of Taiyuan (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi), and was a descendant of Shi Jie, the great doctor of the country in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Shi Fen, the prime minister of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty.

But Ouyang Xiu said in his "History of the New Five Dynasties" that his surname did not know the original origin

In the first year of Tang Jingfu (892), Shi Jingjiao was born in Fenyangli, Taiyuan, the second in the family, he was silent since he was a child, liked to read the art of war, and admired Li Mu, a famous general of Zhao during the Warring States Period, and Zhou Yafu, a famous general of the Han Dynasty. At that time, Li Siyuan, the assassin of Daizhou, was very important to him and married his daughter to him. When Li Cunmiao heard that he was good at riding and archery, he promoted him to his side, and Li Siyuan asked to transfer him to the army, and Li Cunmiao agreed. Li Siyuan asked him to command his own elite cavalry "Left Shooting Army", known as the "Three Shooting Army", and regarded him as his confidant.

After that, Shi Jingjiao followed Li Siyuan to fight in various places and became a member of Li Cunqiao. In the second year of Later Liang Zhenming (916), when fighting against Liu Jun, the general of Later Liang, Liu Cheng attacked Li Cunmiao, who had not yet lined up the formation, and the military situation was critical. Afterwards, Li Cunqiao praised him for his courage and might, stroked his back and said: "The general has a strong general, this is a good word", and awarded him property, and personally gave him crispy food. Shi Jingjiao became famous because of this.

In addition to saving Li Cunxuan, Shi Jingjiao also saved his father-in-law Li Siyuan many times. In the third year of Liang Zhenming (917), Li Cunqiao, Li Siyuan and Liu Cheng fought in Xincheng, Li Siyuan and Shi Jingjiao fell into the formation, Shi Jingjiao stood up and waved his sword, tossed and fought back and forth, ran for dozens of miles, and defeated Liu Jun. In the fourth year of Later Liang Zhenming (918), when the Jin army and the Later Liang general He Gui fiercely competed for the banks of the Yellow River, the Jin army first captured Yangliu Town (now northeast of Dong'a, Shandong), but Li Siyuan was ambushed by Liu Cheng. Soon after, Liang Jin fought again at Huliupi, due to Li Cunxuan's risky battle, so that the general Zhou Dewei was unfortunately killed, Shi Jingjiao led his left shooting army and Li Siyuan to reorganize the army, and killed the Later Liang army to the loss.

In the first year of Later Liang Longde (921), Shi Jingjiao followed Li Siyuan to defeat Dai Siyuan, the general of Later Liang, at Deshengdu, and beheaded more than 20,000 people. In the second year of Later Liang Longde (922), fighting in Hulutao, the Later Tang army was gradually defeated and retreated, Shi Jingjiao faced the elite of the enemy army, pulled out his long sword, killed the bloody path, and used his body to protect Li Siyuan and retreated, the enemy looked at him, and no one dared to step forward to stop him.

In the third year of Liang Longde (923), Shi Jingjiao followed Li Siyuan to observe the Liang army's position in Yangcunzhai, and his subordinates were not wearing armor, and suddenly the enemy was taken by surprise and attacked Li Siyuan with weapons, and the blade was about to stab Li Siyuan in the back, Shi Jingjiao rushed forward with a halberd in his hand, and struck hard, several fierce enemies rolled down from the horse, and Li Siyuan was saved from death. In this year, Li Cunmiao, the emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty, inherited the throne in Yecheng and changed his name to Tongguang.

Send Li Siyuan to cross the Yellow River, and the lone army will attack Yunzhou in depth. The Yun people did not notice them at first, Shi Jingjiao led fifty cavalry to follow Li Siyuan across Jishui, raided the east gate and entered the city, the Yun soldiers came to block, Shi Jingjiao was stabbed by the knife, still protected Li Siyuan like a wing, deployed the soldiers on the avenue, held on, and waited until the follow-up cavalry continued to arrive, only to capture the center of Yuncheng, and occupy Yuncheng. Then pacified Bianshui, destroyed the Later Liang clan, achieved the situation of Zhuangzong dominating the world, and contributed to Li Siyuan's immortal achievements, among which Shi Jingjiao and Li Congke made the greatest contributions, and Shi Jingjiao's official position was not prominent because he didn't like self-praise, which only Li Siyuan understood in his heart.

Shi Jingjiao not only saved his father-in-law Li Siyuan on the battlefield, but also analyzed the situation for Li Siyuan when he encountered political problems and gave him guidance. The most prominent thing in this regard is to persuade Li Siyuan to adapt to the situation and pursue the throne in the event of war.

In the fourth year of Tongguang in the Later Tang Dynasty (926), when Zhao Zaili mutiny against Wei Bo, the imperial court sent Yuan Xingqin to recruit surrender but was unsuccessful, everyone discussed a lot, thinking that Li Siyuan could not surrender Zhao Zaili, so Li Cunqiao appointed Li Siyuan as the commander and sent him to suppress it, but when he arrived in Weizhou (now Hebei Damingbei), his army also mutinied, and asked Li Siyuan to claim the emperor in Hebei. Li Siyuan had no second thoughts about Li Cunmiao, and accepted Huo Yanwei's advice, and then wanted to go back alone to tell Li Cunmiao the truth. Shi Jingjiao vigorously opposed his unwise approach, saying: "How can it be reasonable to lead troops outside and have nothing to do after the army mutiny? Besides, hesitation is a taboo for soldiers, so it is better to take advantage of the situation and quickly go south.

I am willing to lead 300 cavalry to capture Bianzhou first, which is the key point of winning the world. If you get it, you can do great things. Li Siyuan came to his senses and immediately sent him to lead the troops first, and he followed suit. Shi Jingjiao crossed the Yellow River at Liyang (present-day Jun County, Henan) and occupied Bianzhou. When Li Siyuan entered Biancheng, Zhuang Zong also personally led the army to the northwest of the five-mile road away from Biancheng, Zhuang Zong climbed the high city and sighed and said: "I can't achieve great things!" Therefore, the soldiers who followed Zhuang Zong scattered in large numbers and came to submit to Li Siyuan. Li Siyuan immediately sent Shi Jingjiao to lead the soldiers as the vanguard and rushed to Bishui Pass, and not long after, Zhuang Zong died in civil strife. In the same month, Li Siyuan entered Luoyang, rewarded Shi Jingjiao's merits, and was promoted from the Metropolitan Colonel of the Governor's Mansion to the Empress of the Soldiers and Horses of the Shaanzhou Prefecture. In the end, Li Siyuan ascended to the throne as Shi Jingjiao expected.

Shi Jingjiao was also crowned Guanglu Doctor and Situ for his merits, and was awarded the Baoyi Army Festival Envoy in Shaanzhou (now Sanmenxia City, Henan), and was also given the title of "Dedicated Loyalty to the Establishment of Strategies and Rejuvenation of Meritorious Heroes", and in February of the second year of Tang Tiancheng (927), he was crowned as the deputy envoy of the Sixth Army Zhuwei, and was awarded the title of Founding Uncle. In October, he served as the envoy of the imperial camp and quickly quelled the rebellion of Zhu Shouyin, the envoy of Bianzhou Jiedu. Because of his merits, he was promoted to the Xuanwu Army's festival envoy, the commander-in-chief of the guard pro-army Ma Bujun and the deputy envoy of the Sixth Army's guards, and was given the title of "Yaozhong Kuangding Baojie Meritorious Hero".

In the third year of Tiancheng in the Later Tang Dynasty (928), he added the seal of the Taifu of the inspection school, the Pingzhangshi of the Tongzhong Shumen, the Xingtang Yin, and the Ye Du stayed, and the Tianxiong Army Festival envoy, and added the title of the captain of the horse. In the first year of Changxing in the Later Tang Dynasty (930), he was crowned as the captain of the school. In September, Dongchuan Jiedu made Dong Zhang rebel, and Shi Jingjiao was appointed as the envoy of the Dongchuan camp and took charge of the affairs of the Dongchuan government. In the following year, due to the difficulty of the Shu Road, the grain transportation could not be supplied, and Mingzong ordered the class to return to the court. In April, he also served as the deputy envoy of the Sixth Army. In June, he was reappointed as the envoy of the Heyang Festival, and still held the military power.

In the fourth year of Changxing in the Later Tang Dynasty (933), Li Congrong, the king of Qin, played the northern Khitan, Tuhun, and Turkic borders, and needed a general to command the border army, and the ministers thought that only Shi Jingjiao and Kang Yicheng could take on it. Shi Jingjiao was unwilling to be the deputy marshal of the forbidden army and voluntarily went north. On November 4, Shi Jingjiao was crowned as the envoy of Shizhong, Taiyuan Yin, Beijing Stay, and Hedong Jiedu, and also served as the chief of the Fan Han and Mabu armies of the armies of Datong, Zhenwu, Zhangguo, and Weisai.

The next day, at the banquet in the Zhongxing Palace, Shi Jingjiao held a cup to celebrate Mingzong's birthday, and took advantage of the performance to say: "Although I am a little cowardly, thinking of major events in the borderlands, how can I not do my best to be loyal, but I am far away from Kyoto, I have not seen the emperor for a long time, and I cannot declare it at any time." Shi Jingjiao said goodbye again, Mingzong wet his clothes with tears, and the ministers around him wondered that the emperor was overly sad, and then he and Shi Jingjiao never saw each other again.

In December, after Li Siyuan died of illness, Shi Jingjiao heard the news and was as sad as the loss of his parents. In the first year of Yingshun of the Later Tang Dynasty (934), Li Conghou succeeded to the throne as Emperor Min of the Later Tang Dynasty. Shi Jingjiao was awarded the Zhongshu Order, and was transferred to Zhenzhou (now Zhengding, Hebei) as the envoy of the Chengde Army, and Li Congke in Shaanxi was appointed as the envoy of the Hedong Festival. Li Congke therefore launched the Qiyang Mutiny, and finally used tears to make the soldiers sent by Li Conghou to suppress him surrender to him, and then led his troops to Luoyang. Li Congke asked Shi Jingjiao to discuss military affairs, Shi Jingjiao met Li Conghou who escaped from Luoyang on the road, Li Conghou's entourage suspected that Shi Jingjiao did not protect Li Conghou, and after the hand-to-hand encounter, Shi Jingjiao killed all Li Conghou's entourage, and then imprisoned Li Conghou and went to Li Congke to ask for credit. In the end, Li Congke sent someone to kill Li Conghou.

After Li Congke succeeded to the throne, he appointed Shi Jingjiao as the envoy of Taiyuan Jiedu and the guard of Beijing, and served as the head of Datong, Zhenwu, Zhangguo, Weisai and other armies. Although Shi Jingzhen helped him get rid of Li Conghou's trouble, he did not trust him, but treated Shi Jingzhen as the biggest threat. Do everything you can to transfer him out of the base area in Hedong.

After Shi Jingjiao went to the capital to attend Li Siyuan's funeral, he didn't dare to ask to go back, for fear that Li Congke would become suspicious, so he frowned all day long, plus he was sick at the time, and in the end he was so thin that he didn't look like a person. His wife, Li, hurriedly pleaded with her mother, Empress Dowager Cao, and asked Li Congke to release Shi Jingjiao back. Although Li Congke is not the biological son of the Empress Dowager Cao, the Empress Dowager Cao has treated him like her own since he was a child, and seeing that Shi Jingjiao is ill like this, it is estimated that it is difficult to pose any threat, so he pushed the boat down the river to make a personal favor and let Shi Jingjiao return to Hedong. Unexpectedly, this time it was a tiger returning to the mountain, and the Tang Dynasty died at his hands.

After Shi Jingjiao went back, he was even more cautious, his wife Li once went back to attend Li Congke's birthday banquet and wanted to come back early, but Li Congke said to her drunkenly: "If you are in such a hurry to go back, do you want to rebel with Shi Lang?" Li came back and told Shi Jingjing, which made Shi Jingjing even more convinced that Li Congke was very suspicious of him, because drunk people often said things they didn't usually want to say.

Since then, Shi Jingjiao has begun to make full preparations for the future. On the one hand, he pretended to be sick in front of the visitors in the capital, saying that he did not have the energy to govern local government affairs, so as to paralyze Li Congke; On the other hand, on several occasions, in the name of the Khitan invading the border, he asked Li Congke for a large amount of military rations, saying that it was to be stored to prevent the enemy from invading, but in fact it was for the future. Li Congke was kept in the dark by him and was repeatedly fooled, but Shi Jingjiao's subordinates saw that when the imperial court sent people to comfort the soldiers, some people shouted long live and wanted to support Shi Jingjiao as the emperor to invite him for meritorious service. Shi Jingjiao was afraid that the matter would be leaked, so he killed a total of 36 soldiers in the lead.

In order to prevent him from being caught off guard when there is a change in the future, Shi Jingjiao decided to test Li Congke, so he wrote a letter and pretended to resign from the post of head of the horse infantry, and asked him to serve as a festival envoy in another place. But Li Congke listened to the idea of the minister Xue Wentong, Xue Wentong said: "The transfer of Hedong should also be reversed, and if it is not transferred, it will be reversed, and the time will not be too long, it is better to strike first." In May of the third year of the Later Tang Dynasty (936), Shi Jingjiao was reappointed as the envoy of the Yunzhou Festival, and he was awarded the title of "Futian Qiyun Zhongzheng Hero".

Then he sent an edict urging Shi Jingjiao to go to Yunzhou to take office, which stimulated Shi Jingjiao to send Sang Weihan to collude with the Khitan to become the emperor, leaving a hundred generations of infamy. Shi Jingjiao first pretended to be sick and did not leave, and then asked Li Congke to abdicate to Li Congyi, Li Siyuan's biological son, saying that Li Congke was an adopted son and should not inherit the throne. Li Congke ordered the removal of Shi Jingjiao from all official positions, and then sent troops to attack, ordering Zhang Jingda to lead troops to attack Taiyuan. An Chongrong, An Yuanxin, and An Xianxin led the army to help, and Zhang Wandi and others led the army to surrender. In this month, the army outside the city attacked very fiercely, Shi Jingjiao personally resisted the flying arrows and stones, although the people's hearts were firm, but the food in the warehouse was gradually scarce.

Jing Jiao had a plan, and when he saw that the soldiers were approaching the city and his strength was insufficient, he planned to ask the Khitan Emperor Yelu Deguang for help, and promised him: cede the sixteen states of Youyun to the Khitan, pay a large amount of tribute every year, and claim to be a country of children. [7] Liu Zhiyuan (i.e., Gaozu of the Later Han Dynasty) thought that the conditions were too humiliating for the need to promise so much, but Shi Jingjiao insisted on going his own way with the support of Sang Weihan.

Yelu Deguang, who was worried that he had no chance to go south, was overjoyed, and immediately led his troops down from Yanmen Pass to the south to rescue Shi Jingjiao, and finally attacked the Tang army after the defeat, killing more than 10,000 people. In November of the first year of Tianfu of the Later Jin Dynasty (936), Liao Taizong Yelude Guangshu Shi Jingjiao was the emperor, changed the Yuan Tianfu, the country name was Jin, and the Khitan lord gave him his own clothes. Shi Jingjiao was then located in Liulin (now southeast of Taiyuan City, Shanxi)

Shi Jingjiao ceded the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun, a large area of present-day Hebei and northern Shanxi, to the Khitan. The sixteen prefectures were: You (present-day Beijing), Jiji (present-day Jinjixian County), Ying (present-day Hejian, Hebei), Mo (present-day Renqiu, Hebei), Zhuo (present-day Zhuoxian, Hebei), Tan (present-day Miyun, Beijing), Shun (present-day Shunyi, Beijing), Xin (present-day Zhuolu, Hebei), Concubine (Yingui, originally belonged to Huailai, Beijing, and has been flooded by the Guanting Reservoir), Confucianism (present-day Yanqing, Beijing), Wu (present-day Xuanhua, Hebei), Wei (present-day Lingqiu, Shanxi), Yun (present-day Datong, Shanxi), Ying (present-day Yingxian, Shanxi), Huan (present-day Dongmayi Town, Shuo County, Shanxi), Shuo (present-day Shuo County, Shanxi). Shi Jingjiao called Yelu Deguang, who was ten years younger than him, his father emperor, and then paid 300,000 horses every year.

The main condemnation by later generations was the cession of land, which not only caused the Central Plains to lose a large amount of territory, but also made it easy for the Khitan to occupy the prominent areas around the Great Wall, after which the Khitan could drive straight into the Yellow River Valley, without a natural barrier of resistance, bringing endless disasters to the people of the Central Plains. Not only did 16 states actually lose, but Pingzhou was lost during the reign of Li Siyuan, and Ningzhou and Yingzhou were captured by the Khitan during the Battle of Later Liang in the Later Tang Dynasty. In addition, after the surrender of Du Chongwei of the Later Jin Dynasty, Yelu Deguang sent Geng Chongmei to lure him to surrender, and Guo Gu, the assassin of Yizhou, was killed, and Yizhou was also occupied by the Khitan.

Regarding this kind of behavior of recognizing a thief as a father and betraying the country to seek glory, even his cronies Liu Zhiyuan also objected, saying: It is okay to be a minister, but he can be too much of a father, bribe him with gold and silk, and be self-sufficient to join the army, and there is no need to allow him to have land, for fear that the future will be a great disaster for China, and he will regret it. However, Shi Jingjiao did not obey and still insisted on going his own way. The Khitan lord Yelu Deguang was overjoyed, and he came to the aid of the army, and after the defeat, Tang Zhang Jingda.

Shi Jingjiao called the emperor, and kept his "credit", cut the sixteen states of Youyun to the Khitan, and promised to give 300,000 horses of Khitan cloth every year. The Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun are the natural barrier in the north, so the Central Plains are completely exposed to the Khitan iron hooves.

At the beginning of Shi Jingjiao's reign in Taiyuan Liulin (now Xiliulin Village, Liujiabao Township, Xiaodian District, Taiyuan City, commonly known as Liulinzhuang), Lu Longjiedu made Zhao Dejun, the king of Beiping, bribe the Khitan with gold silk, and also wanted to rely on the Khitan to take the Central Plains, and still allowed Shi Jingjiao to take Hedong. The Khitan lord was in great difficulty at that time and wanted to grant Zhao Dejun's invitation. Shi Jingjiao was greatly frightened when he heard the news, and urgently ordered the secretary in charge, Sang Weihan, to see the Khitan lord. Sang Weihan knelt in front of the Khitan main tent, weeping from Dan to dusk, crying and begging the Khitan to give up Zhao Dejun's request. The Khitan lord obeyed him, and said that Sang Weihan was loyal to Shi Jingjiao and should be the prime minister. Shi Jingjiao then took Sang Weihan as the Chinese scholar and served as the secretary, and he was the same as the Ping Zhang.

In the same month, Shi Jingjiao invaded Luoyang, and the Tang Dynasty died. In the second year of Tianfu of the Later Jin Dynasty (937), the car drove into Bianzhou, and in the following year (938), Bianzhou was promoted to Kaifeng Mansion in Tokyo. When the Jin Dynasty was new to the world, many feudal towns were not obeyed, there were many soldiers, the treasury was empty, and the people were poor, but the Khitan was still insatiable. In order to solve the financial crisis and consolidate the political power, Shi Jingjiao adopted Sang Weihan's suggestion to promote sincerity and abandon grievances in order to appease the feudal town; training soldiers to repair armaments; agricultural mulberry, to real warehouse; Commerce, goods and wealth; Humble and generous, to serve the Khitan.

Shi Jingjiao was very cautious about the Khitan, and used a table every time he wrote a letter to show the difference between monarchs and ministers, calling Taizong "father emperor", calling himself "minister" and "son emperor". Whenever the Khitan envoy arrived, he bowed to the edict, in addition to losing 300,000 cloth silk every year, every auspicious celebration will give curious things from time to time, so that the gift of playing curious convoys have been on the road.

Although Shi Jingjiao pushed sincerity to appease the feudal town, the feudal town was still unconvinced, and he was especially ashamed to submit to the Khitan. Datong Jiedu made the judge Wu Luan, and closed the city without being ordered by the Khitan. Ying Zhou commanded Guo Chongwei to return south.

In the second year of Hou Pu Tianfu (937), Tianxiong Jiedu made Fan Tingguang rebel against Weizhou, and Shi Jingjiao ordered the eastern capital to inspect Zhang Congbin to crusade, but Zhang Congbin rebelled against him. Then there was a mutiny in Weizhou. In the same year, the Khitan changed the name of the country to "Da Liao". Yang Guangyuan, the general of the guards, relied on himself and intervened in the government and politics, and repeatedly resisted. Shi Jingjiao often submits to it. In the fourth year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty (940), Yang Guangyuan was good at killing Fan Tingguang, and Shi Jingjiao was afraid of Yang Guangyuan, so he did not dare to ask the law.

In the sixth year of Tianfu of the Later Jin Dynasty (942), An Chongrong, the envoy of Chengde Festival, accused Shi Jingjiao's father of the Khitan and trapped the Central Plains, and said that he would fight to the death with the Khitan. Shi Jingjiao sent troops to behead An Chongrong and sent his head to the Khitan.

Shi Jingjiao was particularly suspicious in his later years, did not like scholars, and served as a full-time eunuch. It is the eunuch Dasheng. Due to the corruption of the officials, the government was disordered, and even the people were dissatisfied. The nomadic Tuyuhun north of Yanmen, because he was unwilling to surrender to the Khitan, the chieftain Bai Chengfu led people to flee to the east of the river and returned to Liu Zhiyuan. Later Jin Tianfu seven years (942 years), the Khitan sent an envoy to ask Tuyuhun Ding, Shi Jingjiao did not dare to offend Liu Zhiyuan, who held a heavy army, but also did not dare to offend the "father emperor", thus, depression became ill, died in humiliation in June, at the age of 51, the holy article Wuming Dexiao Emperor, the temple name Gaozu, buried in Xianling (northwest of Yiyang County, Henan).

Before the emperor, Shi Jingjiao was very thrifty whether he was himself or managing local government affairs, but after becoming the emperor, he began to be extravagant, his palace was decorated with gold, jade, jewelry and other things, at the beginning of the founding of the country, the capital was set in Luoyang, and later it was considered dilapidated, so he moved the capital to Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan), and promoted Bianzhou to Tokyo Kaifeng Mansion. In order to suppress the rebellion of the people, he ordered many cruel laws, and the punishments imposed were often in some horrific ways: cutting out tongues, mutilating people, pouring noses, steaming them in pots, etc.

In addition, he didn't trust the scholars, feeling that they didn't think about the country and only knew how to benefit their children and grandchildren, so Shi Jingjiao reused eunuchs like the Later Tang Dynasty, so that the power of eunuchs re-emerged.

Shi Jingjiao repeatedly performed miraculous feats in the battle of the Later Tang Dynasty to destroy the Later Liang, so he entered Bianjing and destroyed the Later Liang, in the process of unifying the north of the Later Tang Dynasty Zhuangzong Li Cunqing, Shi Jingjiao and the late Tang Emperor Li Congke made the greatest contributions.

In the fourth year of Tongguang in the Later Tang Dynasty (926), Xiaojie commanded Zhao Zaili to launch a mutiny in Weizhou. Later, Tang Zhuangzong Li Cunqiao ordered Li Siyuan to lead the army to quell the rebellion, and Shi Jingjiao also went out to fight together. Under the city of Weizhou, Li Siyuan's troops also mutinied, and joined forces with the rebels in Weizhou to support Li Siyuan. Li Siyuan originally wanted to return to the court to ask for guilt, but Shi Jingjiao persuaded him to seize Bianzhou (now Kaifeng, Henan) in order to achieve great things. Li Siyuan had no choice but to accept this opinion. So, Shi Jingjiao volunteered to personally command 300 horsemen as the vanguard and seize Bianzhou. Then he returned to cross the river (now Xingyang Town, Henan) and took Luoyang.

In order to protect himself, Shi Jingjiao asked Liao Taizong for help. expressed his willingness to submit to the Khitan, and promised to give the gift of father and son to Yeludeguang, and after the completion of the matter, the land of the sixteen states north of Yanmen Pass was dedicated to the Khitan. After defeating the Tang army, he accepted Yelu Deguang's canonization as Emperor Jin, he kept the preface and ceded the sixteen states of Youyun to the Khitan, when Shi Jingjiao was 45 years old and Yelu Deguang was only 34 years old. After Shi Jingjiao became the emperor, he often had to receive the arrogant Khitan envoys who came to announce the edict, and he had to kneel down to accept the edict of the Khitan lord Yelu Deguang.

During the Tianfu period of Shi Jingjiao, in order to avoid raising troops, the court of the Later Jin Dynasty respected the Khitan people very much, but after the Khitan envoy came, he had to grovel and entertain when he was rude and arrogant and reprimanded. Except for a few people in Sang Weihan, all of the ministers were angry with the Khitans and advocated resisting the Khitans. Shi Jingjiao was also shaken, but after watching Sang Weihan's long story, he felt that being the emperor had more benefits, so he didn't throw down the hat of the emperor until he died, and his son took a bad breath for him.

Although Shi Chonggui was finally exiled to the Khitan due to the surrender of the main general, the two victories over the Khitan soldiers still played an encouraging and promoting role in the anti-Liao struggle of the people of the Central Plains. Shi Jingjiao despised the Khitan, paying an annual tribute of 300,000 horses, and it cannot be absolutely said that there was no benefit, and his six years as emperor objectively brought short-term stability to the people of the Central Plains, but the cession of sixteen states made his little credit come to naught, because his son had no danger to defend when fighting against the Khitan, and finally the Central Plains was ravaged by war.