Even Wanyan Honglie's father, the descendant of Wanyan Aguta, came out. [Full text reading. 】

Jin Zhangzong Wanyan Jing, born in the eighth year of Dading (1168) July Bingxu day, the small character Ma Da Ge, because he was born in the Golden Lotus River Ma Da Ge Mountain and named. He is the grandson of Jin Shizong Wanyan Yong, the son of Jin Xianzong Wanyan Yungong, and his mother Queen Xiaoyi.

In the eighteenth year of Dading (1178), Wan Yan Jing was named the king of Jinyuan County, and began to learn Jurchen small characters and Chinese character scriptures, with Jinshi Wan Yan Kuang, Si Jing Xu Xiaomei and so on as attendants. In the twenty-fifth year of Dading (1185), his father Wanyan Yungong died, and he entered the former king and sentenced the affairs of Daxing Mansion. In the following year, he worshiped the right prime minister of Shangshu and was made the emperor's grandson.

In the twenty-ninth year of Dading (1189), Jin Shizong died, and Wan Yan Jing succeeded to the throne in front of the coffin on the same day, which was Jin Zhangzong. The following year, the year name was changed to Mingchang. Zhang Zong grew up in the "Dading Rule" period under Jin Shizong, and was exposed to his grandfather's Wen Taowu strategy since he was a child, coupled with the integration of Confucian culture. After ascending the throne, while continuing the rule of his grandfather's "benevolent government", he tried his best to imitate the comprehensive Sinicization reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty who negated the old system of his own people, and no longer followed the nationalism of Sejong. Various political and economic systems were constantly improved, and the complete feudalization of the Jurchen people was realized.

In February of the twenty-ninth year of Dading (1189), Zhang Zong just ascended the throne and solved the historical legacy of the slaves of the Jin Dynasty, also known as the "second tax household". With the development of feudalism, the existence of slavery has become a serious obstacle to the development of production, and the vast majority of slaves have become commoners through the efforts of Zhangzong.

Zhang Zong is smart and studious, has his father's demeanor, he likes literature, advocating elegance, so for a time celebrities emerge in an endless stream, most of the ruling ministers have literary brilliance, learning is desirable, capable officials and upright ministers have been appointed, political clarity, and brilliant governance.

Zhang Zong inherited the prosperous era of Dading, strengthened the reform of the official system, and set up many new institutions to meet the situation and needs. At the same time, Zhang Zong made great achievements in the building of the legal system, which played a great role in consolidating political power, stabilizing society, developing the economy, and safeguarding the interests of the ruling class. The feudalization of Jurchen society was finally completed, which was the most prosperous period of the Jin Dynasty, with a developed economy, population growth, a full treasury, and a rich world.

The Zhangzong period was the most populous period of the Jin Dynasty, in the sixth year of Ming Chang (1206), the Khitan and Jurchen Han households were 7,223,400 households, 48490400 people, an increase of more than 1,623,700 households and more than 8,827,000 people compared with the twenty-seventh year of Sejong's reign (1187). The population was at its peak during the Taihe period, with a total population of more than 56 million.

In the latter part of his reign, floods, droughts, and locust plagues occurred frequently in the Central Plains, and the three major bursts of the Yellow River's embankments made it a foregone conclusion that the river would move south to seize the Huai into the sea, but also caused the economy of the Jin Dynasty to collapse. This is because: On the one hand, peasants on both sides of the strait have been displaced, agriculture in the Central Plains has been seriously damaged, and the central government's finances and taxes have been greatly affected. On the other hand, the large-scale disaster relief and river defense made the Jin Dynasty's finances even worse, and in the year of Zhangzong's accession to the throne, more than 4.3 million yuan were used to repair the river embankment, with each wage being 150 wen, 50 wen for daily officials, and one and a half liters of rice.

Zhang Zong also favored Li Shi'er (later named Concubine Yuan) and trusted Li's relatives, and appointed Xu Zhiguo, who was born as a child, to manage the government. These two colluded with each other to interfere in politics for profit, which caused the political style of Zhangzong to gradually decline in the later period, and the flooding and diversion of the Yellow River caused the Jin Dynasty to begin to decline. At this time, the military of the Jin Dynasty was gradually abandoned, and the northern Mongol tribes arose. Zhang Zong once sent troops to Mongolia to reduce Ding, and induced each other to kill each other, but the success was not great, the Southern Song Dynasty minister Han Yanxuan saw the decline of the Jin Dynasty, and ordered Wu Xi, the grandson of Wu Lan, to manage Shu and prepare for the Northern Expedition, and the Jin Ting also sent servants to sit in Bianjing to resist the Song army. In 1206, Han Yanzhou launched the Kaixi Northern Expedition, and the Song army once recovered the Huaibei region, but Wu Xi, who was guarding Shu, surrendered to the Jin Dynasty.

In August, he led the army to the south, and at the end of the year, the Jin soldiers approached the Yangtze River and besieged Xiangyang. The following year, Wu Xi was killed, and Sichuan was restored to the Southern Song Dynasty, so the two sides intended to negotiate peace. Han Yanxuan was finally killed at the request of the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, and the two sides negotiated peace in the eighth year of Taihe (1208), known as the Jiading Peace Conference in history, and the Song Dynasty honored Jin as the uncle, increasing the annual annual coin to 300,000 taels of silver, 300,000 horses of silk and paying 3 million taels of "military money" to the Jin Dynasty, and the Jin Dynasty began to return the lost land of the Southern Song Dynasty.

As the son of Taiping, Zhang Zong also used extravagance more and more, and he was not as frugal as Jin Shizong at all. He renovated the palace furnishings, using 1,200 embroiderers a day, and it took two years to complete. The improvement and expansion of the bureaucracy caused the number of officials in the last years of Jangjong to triple compared to the time of Sejong, and these costs had to be added to the state treasury. Coupled with the disaster relief, river defense, and military expenses just mentioned, Wan Yanjing felt a deep financial embarrassment.

In order to make up for the financial deficit, the Jin dynasty began to issue banknotes indiscriminately. The people refused to use this depreciated paper money, and traded copper money privately, even if the imperial court used an administrative order to maintain the money law. Some situations can quite illustrate the severity of the depreciation of the banknotes: when Wan Yanjing was alive, Wanguan could only buy one baked cake by handing over the banknotes; Two years after his death, in order to distribute military rewards, 84 carts were used to transport and pay money.

On the second day of November in the eighth year of Taihe (1208), Jin Zhangzong Wanyan Jing fell ill and died of illness in Fu'an Hall on Bingchen Day in the same month, at the age of forty-one. All six of his sons died before they were three years old. Since he had no heirs, he was succeeded by his uncle Wanyan Yongji. Zhang Zong's edict said: "I have no children yet, Jia and Fan are pregnant and about to give birth, if one of the two concubines gives birth to a boy, he will be made emperor immediately." For this reason, after Wanyan Yongji succeeded to the throne, he immediately eliminated the forces of Li, Jia, Fan Sanfei and other relatives.

In the first month of the first year of Tai'an (1209), the name of Xiantian Guangyun Ren Wenyi Wu Divine Yingxiao Emperor was called Xiantian Guangyun Renwen Yiwu Divine Yingxiao Emperor, and the temple name was Zhangzong. In February of the same year, he was buried in Daoling.

Wan Yanjing was the final finisher of Jurchen feudalization, and he made three moves in this regard.

First, the abolition of slavery. During the Sejong period, slaves were only partially emancipated. In the year of Wan Yanjing's accession to the throne, he released the original slaves and maidservants of the palace prison household as beloved, and liberated the Jurchen slaves; The Khitan slaves and maids controlled by the monks of the original monastery were also released. In the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1191), the law of enslavement and seduction of good people was enacted, and the results of the abolition of slavery and the prohibition of seduction of good people were confirmed in the form of law.

Second, restricting Jurchen privileges. Wan Yan Jing successively formulated a series of regulations on Meng'an Mouke, such as the dismissal of official qualifications after the town border, the hereditary dismissal of the hereditary personality for neglect before the army, the pardon and death of the hereditary personality in the case of brawls, the removal of the old into the qualification, and the inheritance of the programmatic style, etc., under the appearance of safeguarding the rights and interests of Meng'an Mouke, through legal regulations, in fact, weakened or abolished the privileges of the Jurchen households of Meng'an Mouke, and eliminated a number of mediocre and incompetent Meng'an Mouke, thus improving the overall quality of Meng'an Mouke.

Third, protect feudal agriculture. In the third year of Ming Chang (1192), Wanyan Jing stipulated that Meng'an Mouke could only lead his subordinates to hunt twice in winter, and each time it was only ten days, which changed the Jurchen Meng'an Mouke's habit of occupying hunting land and practicing martial arts. The following year, he ordered that all the forbidden land of the palace and the hunting grounds should be cultivated by the people. Obviously, these measures were conducive to the development of the feudal agricultural economy.

Fourth, intermarriage between the Chinese and the Chinese is allowed. In the second year of the Ming Dynasty (1191), Wan Yanjing agreed with the suggestion of Shangshu Province, believing that the Jurchen Meng'an Mouketun Tianhu and the local Han households "if the marriage is ordered, the long-term peace of the country will be realized". In the sixth year of Taihe, he issued an edict allowing the military households of Tuntian to intermarry with the residents of the garrison. Through the bond of intermarriage, the Jurchen nation accelerated its integration with the Han people in the Central Plains.

Due to the lack of copper in the Jin Dynasty, copper coins could not replace paper money as the main currency in circulation. During the reign of Kim Jangjong, paper money was issued in large quantities as a permanent currency, and the currency was changed repeatedly, and the citizens resented it, and the gold token system began to fall into extreme chaos. The socio-economic crisis is in full swing. To this political theory has taken some economic countermeasures, one of which is to cast silver ingots, so that it is easy to circulate, Jin Zhangzong Chengding two years (1162) before the ingot to measure silver, silver ingots weigh 50 taels, this year, began to cast "Cheng'an treasure goods", there are 1 taels to 10 taels a total of 5, etc., since then it has become legal tender, although the revolutionary change of currency can not change the situation of the Jin Dynasty's economy is extremely chaotic, but it has had a profound impact on future generations.

Wan Yanjing received a good education in Jurchen culture and Han culture since childhood. When he was crowned king, he was able to thank him in Jurchen language, which really touched Sejong, who adhered to the Jurchen tradition. But he was also the most sinicized monarch among the emperors of the Jin Dynasty, and the sinicization of the Jurchen people was finally completed in the Zhangzong Dynasty. In this regard, he has played a multifaceted role.

First, respect Confucius. In the second year of his accession, he repaired the Confucius Temple in Qufu, the Biwa Corridor, and carved dragon stone pillars, which were extremely magnificent; He also issued an edict to build Confucian temples in all states and counties across the country to avoid the name of Confucius. Confucius was revered in the Jin Dynasty in the same way as in the Song Dynasty.

Second, improve the imperial examination. In the year of his accession, Wan Yanjing added the Department of Economic and Children's Medicine. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Wan Yan Jing added a macro vocabulary department to treat extraordinary people, and the Jin Dynasty imperial examination was completed so far. Therefore, the history says: In the world of Sejong and Zhangzong, the Confucian style changed greatly, the school flourished, and the scholars looked at each other before and after the imperial examination and ranked as prime minister.

Third, improve the etiquette system. During the reign of King Sejong, he ordered officials to refer to the history of the Tang and Song dynasties and agreed on rituals and music, and Zhang Zongchu completed more than 400 volumes of the "Miscellaneous Records of the Golden Compilation". In the sixth year of Ming Chang (1195), it was compiled into the "Great Gold Ceremony", which was known as "Dading, Mingchang and its rites immersion". At the same time, the Jin Dynasty began to worship the Three Emperors and Five Emperors and Yutang Wenwu, indicating that they inherited the Han royal lineage.

Fourth, the revision of the code. The history is called "the world of Ming Chang, the law and righteousness are repaired together, and the style is immersed". During the Ming and Chang periods, the "Ming Chang Law" was compiled, and another article was compiled on goods, edges, and expediency. In the first year of Taihe (1201), the "Taihe Law" was completed, which was the most complete legal code of the Jin Dynasty.

The measures promulgated by Wan Yanjing in perfecting the Han system are a summary of the sinicization of the Jurchen people, and have positive significance in the process of Jurchen feudalization in the Jin Dynasty. Wan Yan Jing forbade calling the Jurchens "Fan", and he was like the son of heaven of the Han family. He is good at the calligraphy and painting works of Han scholars, and he learned the thin gold body of Song Huizong. He also set up a calligraphy and painting academy, and ordered Ying to serve as the capital supervisor of the Hanlin script and the Han Wang Tingyun, and appraise the calligraphy and paintings of Wang Xizhi and Gu Kaizhi for him. Wan Yan Jing has a profound cultivation of Chinese poetry, and there is a sentence: "The curtain of the thirty-six palaces is rolled, and the east wind is everywhere to raise flowers", although the poetry style is delicate, it is a good sentence with a sense of meaning.

The Tatar tribes in the north maintained a vassal relationship with the Jin dynasty for a long time. However, from the sixth year of Ming Chang (1195) to the third year of Cheng'an (1198), the border of the Jin Dynasty was intruded from time to time. Wan Yanjing adopts a strategy of attacking and defending at the same time. On the one hand, Jiagu Qingchen, Wanyan Xiang and Wanyan Zonghao were dispatched to the north many times, which dealt heavy losses. On the other hand, Wanyan Xiang personally supervised the soldiers and the people, and dug a boundary stretching for 900 miles from Linhuang (now southeast of Balinzuoqi, Inner Mongolia) to Taizhou (now northeast of Tao'an, Heilongjiang). According to the archaeological survey, the boundary is three to four meters deep, more than ten meters wide, and there is a wall fort built on the inside, which is a large-scale fortification. Although the southern invasion of the Tatar tribes broke the tranquility of the rule of Ming Chang and Cheng'an, fortunately, the Mongol tribes had not yet unified into a powerful and invincible nomadic military empire, and had not yet formed a truly huge threat to the Jin Dynasty.

Wan Yan Jing was always bent on maintaining the situation of the Song Dynasty in the south, but the Southern Song Dynasty's powerful minister Han Yanxuan took the initiative to provoke the war, launched the Kaixi Northern Expedition, and the Jin Dynasty counterattacked, forcing the Southern Song Dynasty to conclude the Jiading Peace Treaty under the favorable situation of winning on all fronts. Although the wars on the northern and southern fronts ended with the Jin Dynasty gaining the upper hand, the large amount of military spending made the Jin Dynasty's finances unable to make ends meet.

"Jin History": Zhang Zong reigned for 20 years, inherited the rule of the Emperor for a long time, was well-off in the United States, was a righteous rite and music, revised the criminal law, fixed the official system, and the rules and cultural relics became a generation of rules. He also asked the ministers of the Han Dynasty to verify the name and the truth of the Tang Dynasty, and the method of the Tang dài kǎo class, which wanted to cross the Liao and Song dynasties and compare them with the Han and Tang dynasties, which can also be said to be aspiring to govern! However, the maid is good at the court, the heir of the mound is not established, and the clan is neglected and taught to non-people. To the so-called maintenance and consolidation of the long-term one, only for stationery, and not for the future generations of descendants for a day, the Jin Yuan clan has since declined! Xi Yangxiong's family has a cloud: "Qin Zhi has the law of Qin, and the law of Qin bears the law of the saint." "Cover with Efu.

Yuwen Maozhao: Zhang Zong is good at Confucianism, and a few years after his reign, Taixue was built, and Confucianism prevailed. The academy selects five or six people to serve as officials, talk about the scriptures, and chant and are comfortable. Among the ministers, there are those who work in poetry and writing, and they must be named, promoted to important places, and a few cultural relics are polite.

Zhao Bingwen: The court of Dading Ming and Chang is clear, and there is nothing in the world.

Liu Qi: Zhang Zong is intelligent, has a fatherly style, belongs to literature and learning, and advocates elegance, so there are many famous people for a while. The ministers are in power, there are many literary and scholarly talents, and the officials and ministers can be used, the government decrees are cultivated, the culture is rotten, and the Jin Dynasty is extremely prosperous. However, the study of the text stops at the words and chapters, and I don't know that the scriptures are the way to protect the country and the people, and the Tu Ji Zuo will last for a long time. It is also quite extravagant, Chongjian Palace, many relatives and villains are pre-governmental, and there are no aspirants and sages, and the yin is still good; The minister only knows flattery, and does not dare to go against his preference, so there is no way to maintain a long life, and he is happy for a while.

Tao Zongyi: Five emperors' confidants, Tang Xuanzong, Later Tang Zhuangzong, Southern Tang Dynasty, Song Huizong, and Jin Zhangzong.

Qianlong Emperor: Nai Zujia learned the Chinese language and kept the old things for Sun Yi. Serve the royal gradually dyed Chinese style, and avoid the smell. Entrusted but likes to be weak, taming the golden source. It's a pity that the scale is large, and it will make Zhang Zong decline.

After Zhang Zong ascended the throne, he did not know how to govern the body, but he was anxious about the rules and cultural relics, and the way of the unbridled martial arts was abandoned, so he changed the old style of the ancestors, and the country became weaker day by day. And because he had no children and was jealous of the clan, he □ it because of the weakness of King Wei Shao and his intelligence, and he was passed on and ceased to be the sect's plan. Gradually, the industry of Jinyuan fell into decline in Zhang Zong.

Bi Yuan: When Jin Youguo was 70 years old, Lile political punishment, because of the old system of Liao and Song, chaotic, the gold lord wanted to change the amendment, for a generation of law, its ritual treaty, more chaste ruling, so the rule of Ming Chang, known as Qingming.

Wu Mei: Zhang Zongyingwu also has many inscriptions. The words of the bone fan are swan songs for a while...... Although it is an endowment, and the elegance is not scrupulous, since Chenhan, the rate is more slang, and it seems to be so widowed.

Waishan Junzhi: In terms of Chinese-style upbringing, Zhang Zong is second to none among the emperors of the Jin Dynasty, and even compared with the Emperor of the Han Dynasty.

Wan Yan Jing was the most sinicized among the supreme rulers of the Jin Dynasty, and he was a literati and scholar-type emperor of the Jin Dynasty. Even the Yuan people Yannan Zhi'an and the historical Tang Xuanzong, the Later Tang Zhuangzong, the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the Song Huizong became the "Five Emperor's Confidants", which shows the depth of its sinicization

After Yan Jingxi calligraphy, fine painting, bosom friend law, good literature, poetry has many commendable, "Gui Qianzhi" volume 1 praised its "Palace" quatrain "Five clouds of gold and blue arch Chaoxia, the pavilion is magnificent emperor's house." The curtain of the thirty-six palaces is rolled, and the east wind is everywhere to raise flowers", which is called "the poetry of the true emperor". The Qing dynasty Xu Zhen's "Ciyuan Cong Tan" volume 3 even believes that Zhang Zong "the father and son of the Li family in the Southern Tang Dynasty are also".

Wan Yan Jing preferred the thin gold body of Song Huizong, and studied calligraphy with Huizong, and his handwriting was similar, so that it was difficult for future generations to distinguish each other. Now in the British Museum of Gu Kaizhi's "Female History Atlas" ancient facsimile, the left end of the scroll has a "Female History", since the Ming and Qing dynasties, all the paintings have been identified as Huizong's handwriting, and later after the careful identification of the Waishan Junzhi clan, it was confirmed that it came from the hand of Wan Yan Jing (the word "Gong" in the text is missing the pen, and the Waishan clan believes that it is the secret of the father of the Waishan Sect).

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