The fourth story in the fifth chapter of the Zhuangzi chapter, "De Chong Fu", tells the story of a person who mourns it. Eight? One in one? Text ≤≥≥.≈8≈1≤Z=≈.≈C≥OM This person called Wailing is extremely ugly, but! The world loves to be with him. Men are reluctant to leave him, and women want to marry him, what's the matter?

Lu Aigong told Confucius the story of mourning, and Confucius explained.

What is this story trying to say?

According to Confucius's explanation, we can see the importance of virtue. And the right morality is fundamental.

We must not only be virtuous, but also virtuous! We should have "Tao" virtue, not human virtue.

Virtue is the virtue of the world, and morality is the great virtue that points out the right direction of life.

Virtue is the virtue of the world, which changes due to the different social environment. And morality is an eternal virtue that will not change.

Only when we have the correct virtue and the great virtue of life - morality, can others be inseparable from us.

Because of his great virtue, the world can't do without him, and Lu Aigong can't do without it either.

And then! Lu Aigong asked: "What is talent"?

Confucius said: "Death and life, survival, poverty, wealth and poverty, virtuous and unscrupulous, slander and praise, hunger and thirst, cold and heat, these are all the results of the changes of things and the laws of nature." Thereinto! Including fate, different people will have different results;

Day and night change before us, and few of the world's wisdom can glimpse the mystery of it. None of this is enough to disturb the nature, nor is it enough to disturb the hearts of the world. But! If you want to be at peace and well-being, smooth and happy, you must understand the mystery. Let the mood and all things become one, and maintain the vitality of spring. Such! When you are exposed to new things, you feel the beginning of a new life in your heart. This is called 'intellectual perfection'. Correctly understanding the Tao and understanding life, this is called 'talent and perfection'. ”

Lu Aigong asked again: "What does it mean that virtue is not formed?" ”

Confucius said, "Ping! Under what circumstances is the flattest? The state of water when it is still is the flattest. We can imitate the calmness of water, filled inwardly and unmoved outwardly. De, what is De? It is the state of accomplishing things without taking credit, and others will not feel your existence. Virtue is not exposed, and great virtue is invisible. But! No foreign object can leave it. ”

It's still that meaning: you must understand the Tao, you must understand the Taoist "view of life and death", and then in the world, you will have popularity, and others will be inseparable from you.

You are a person who lives a confused life, others follow you, and there is no one to take you if you want to make mistakes, right?

You are a person who understands life, a person with great virtue, and others will get a happy life if they follow you.

Someday! Lu Aigong told Min Tzu about Confucius's words, saying: "At first, I thought that the king was in power to rule the world, and his main task was to control the rules of the country and worry about the life and death of the people, so I thought that I was the most accessible. Now I have heard the words of the greatest, and I am really worried that the country will perish without real achievements, and if I have not fulfilled the duties of a king. Confucius and I did not have a relationship of monarchy and minister, but a relationship of friendship with virtue. ”

What does this mean?

This is to tell the world that in order to achieve true happiness, it is necessary to break the current "hierarchical relationship between kings and ministers" and everyone is equal.

We only understand that life is useless, and only when the real environment has been completely changed, can human beings be truly happy.

In fact! The last passage of this story is the exclamation of Zhuangzi. It is also telling us: don't think that if you attain the Tao, you will be able to "ascend to heaven" and you will be able to live a happy life, and you must also break the old social environment.

When you have attained the Tao and understood life, you can only say that you can find a reason and a theoretical basis for surviving in this troubled world. And the real environment, we can't change. That is to say: we understand life subjectively, but! The objective environment is harsh and does not allow for optimism.

The fifth story in "De Chong Fu" is the story of two people and kings who don't even have names.

A lame, sloppy, and mouthless man lobbied Wei Linggong, and Wei Linggong liked him very much. After getting used to seeing this lame, sloppy, and mouthless person, and then looking at those people with complete bodies, I felt that the necks of these people were too thin and thin.

A person with a neck tumor as big as an urn lobbied Qi Huangong, and Qi Huangong liked him very much. After getting used to seeing this person with a neck tumor as big as an urn, and then looking at those people with complete bodies, I felt that the necks of these people were too thin and thin.

And then! Let's talk about the story.

And then! From morality to human morality, explain how a person who has attained the Tao lives in the world.

This is the application of morality to social practice, which requires us to abandon human morality and accept morality.

Virtue! Artificially formulated virtue. Morality! The great virtue that extends from the theoretical basis of the Tao.

This is also the ultimate intention of this article "De Chong Fu": to respond to morality with morality, and to practice life with morality.

What do you mean by the two examples at the beginning of this story? In fact! It's telling us that as long as our concept changes, everything will change!

After Wei Linggong got used to seeing this lame, backed, and mouthless person, he looked at those people with complete bodies, and felt that the necks of these people were too thin and thin.

After Qi Huan Gong got used to seeing this person with a neck tumor as big as an urn, he looked at those people with complete bodies and felt that the necks of these people were too thin and thin.

Heavenly punishment, safe and clear!

If we don't change our mindset, we won't be able to change the real life and social problems we face, and we won't be able to eradicate this chaotic society, and there will be no happiness for mankind.

The last story is the debate between Hui Shi and Zhuangzi, debating "affection and ruthlessness".

Hui Shi is a representative of famous artists, and later generations recognized him as the originator of famous artists, and he is a set of debates. Zhuangzi often argued with him, often in the case of Zhuangzi who could not distinguish Hui Shi at first, but in the end he still won.

Huizi said to Zhuangzi: "People are ruthless? ”

Zhuangzi said: "Yes. ”

Keiko said: "People are ruthless, how can they be called people? ”

Zhuangzi said: "The Tao is the same as the appearance, the sky is the same as the shape, and the evil is not a person? ”

Keiko said: "The so-called people are so evil and ruthless? ”

Zhuangzi said: "Right and wrong, my so-called love." My so-called ruthless person does not hurt his body with likes and dislikes, and often does not benefit his life because of nature. ”

Keiko said: "If it is not beneficial to life, how can it have a body?" ”

Zhuangzi said: "The Tao is with its appearance, the sky is with its shape, and there is no internal injury to its body with likes and dislikes." Now the son is outside the god of the son, and the essence of the son is laboring, leaning against the tree and groaning, according to the tower. The shape of the chosen son, the son sings with a strong white! ”

In short, Zhuangzi believes that the Tao gives people a look, heaven and earth give them a body, and that people cannot harm their own nature because of likes and dislikes, and that people should follow nature and not add anything at will, and that man is just a species between heaven and earth. So! People are ruthless.

Now you are showing your mind again, consuming your energy, leaning against the trunk of a tree all day long, leaning on a few cases and closing your eyes and pretending to sleep, aren't you tossing? Nature has given you the form, life is just a process of life, life is only to complete the task of being born as a human being, but you are complacent with your 'white theory'! Thought you would say yes, right?

Zhuangzi means that on the human level, people are sentient. If people are not plants and trees, how can they be ruthless. How can people not have affection? People have parent-child affection, friendship, love, and so on. It's basic, but let's not be sentimental.

What is "amorous"?

In the end, it is still a sentence: life is just a process of life, you don't indulge in "human feelings" and live so complicated. Why bother to "show your mind, spend your energy, chant against the trunk of a tree all day long, lean on the back of a few cases and close your eyes and pretend to sleep, aren't you tossing?" ”

That's what amorous is!

(End of chapter)