Tenants rent land for farming, as long as they pay rent to the landlord, and the landlord bears the land endowment. Although this is a matter of wool coming out of the sheep, but at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the land was highly concentrated in the gentry and magnates, who not only enjoyed the tax exemption policy, but also used various means to evade the payment of land taxes, so the tenants actually had a lighter burden, and only the state finances suffered.

Tenants rent and cultivate official land, and at the same time pay land rent, they also have to pay land to the government, and local officials often use official land as a tool to collect money, and set up a large number of harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes, and the tenants work hard for a year, but in the end they cannot make ends meet, and they cannot eat, so they would rather rent and farm people's land, and even flee one after another.

In this way, a vicious circle was formed, the government could not collect enough money and food, so it continued to increase taxes, the people were frozen, hungry and poor, sold their children and daughters, and finally forced to rise up, a large number of official fields were abandoned, and the strict zhòng shook the foundation of the Ming Dynasty's rule.

In an agrarian society, the state does not collect enough agricultural taxes, so how can there be long-term peace and stability?

In order to ensure the country's fiscal and tax revenues, the people of insight of the Ming Dynasty tried all kinds of ways - to reduce the rules and color of the official fields, temporarily reduce taxes, levy the land with silver money, discuss the consumption of land, increase the consumption of grain, and pay grain for the government and the people. But these tinkering methods could not solve the fundamental problem, and during the Chongzhen Dynasty, due to the catalysis of some special reasons, the national finances finally collapsed completely, and the Ming Dynasty collapsed.

(By the way, the integration of the government and the people to receive grain is not Yongzheng's invention, Zhang Juzheng has already done it.) However, Zhang Junzheng died and disappeared, and a whip law later became sour, and there were many new drawbacks. For example, from the payment of grain to the payment of silver, the process of melting and casting silver tael produced the so-called "fire consumption", which then became a means for local officials to accumulate wealth, which increased the burden on the people. ）

Because of the congenital defects of the Ming Dynasty's system, even a bull like Zhang Junzheng could not solve the various problems surrounding Guantian. Agriculture is the foundation of the country, and I saw that the people of Yongning County were willing to rent official land. It's still planted so well, Huang Zongxi has long held back his doubts, and pulled Tang Yonggang to ask non-stop.

Tang Yonggang knows everything. There is no end to the words.

Guan Tian is involved in a wide range of aspects, and it is difficult to explain the ins and outs in a few words, and he can no longer contain his words as soon as he opens the box.

Although Tang Yonggang is young, he is shrewd and capable in government affairs. The government affairs of Yongning County are like a treasure. It's not at all like the appearance of just arriving in any year, starting from the basic situation of agriculture in the county, and then talking about the origin of these official fields, and how to balance and solve the contradictions in all aspects, etc., because they are all problems encountered in actual work, so the story is very vivid, Huang Zongxi and Gu Yanwu can certainly listen attentively, and even Wang Fuchen is next to him. I'm afraid I'm missing a word.

"Medium! True! I didn't see it, you're still a good official! Alas. My hometown could have such a county master back then, who would still be a thief! Wang Fuchen's family has been poor since he was a child, and these are related to the land rent and land endowment of ordinary people, which sounds more touching to him, thinking of the dusty past, he was stunned for a while, and even forgot to forget the official words, and the Henan Xiangyin blurted out.

The third surname is Ma Harrier, Wang Fuchen's original surname is Li, when he was a child, his family was too poor, and he was sold to a eunuch's family as a slave, and suffered a lot, but during the Chongzhen period, there was a famine in Henan, and his parents finally starved to death.

As Li Zicheng's army advanced into Henan, Wang Fuchen followed his brother-in-law to join the peasant army, and because of his bravery, he mixed well in the peasant army. Qingye history said that he "as the world Tu Lu Wen Marquis statue", after growing up as an adult, Wang Fuchen was reborn like Lu Bu, handsome in appearance, strong in martial arts, but because of neglect of discipline since childhood, he was contaminated with a bad disease, especially gambling like life.

Because of bad gambling, Wang Fuchen stole six hundred taels of silver from his brother-in-law one night, and then lost a fine light, his brother-in-law was half angry, pulled out a knife to kill Wang Fuchen, but no matter how good his brother-in-law was, he couldn't beat "Lu Bu", but Wang Fuchen snatched the knife and stabbed him with his backhand...... Stealing military salaries, killing Shangguan, Wang Fuchen, who committed a capital crime, had to slip away, ran to Jiang Huang's men and then served as a soldier, the commander and a good martial arts, he was soon appreciated by a general Wang, accepted him as a godson, and changed his name to Wang Fuchen, becoming a low-level officer in Jiang Huang's army.

In the troubled times, almost everyone has a bitter past, Wang Fuchen is just in his early twenties, but the experience is very bumpy, he is like a cockroach with strong vitality, how can he not be killed, but he goes with the flow, living a day by day, unable to control his own destiny.

In another time and space, Wang Fuchen became famous in the battle of Datong, repeatedly went out of the city to fight alone, the Manchu Baturu was invincible, and when he saw the "horse harrier" coming, he all retreated, and even the Shunzhi Emperor in Beijing knew his name. After the Qing army broke through Datong, they slaughtered the city frantically, but Azig remembered his bravery, not only spared Wang Fuchen's life, but also took him as his personal guard.

After Dolgon's death, Azig was also executed by Emperor Shunzhi, and Wang Fuchen was implicated and sent to Xinzheku as a slave. He was originally a domestic slave, and he adapted quickly to his old profession again, doing hard labor, and at the same time, he could also cheat a little money through gambling, go out to visit the kiln or something, and live like a cockroach.

After Emperor Shunzhi swept away the remnants of Dolgon, he finally remembered Wang Fuchen, a "martial arts star", and sent someone to find him to take a look, the young man was very handsome, tall, handsome, and had a good martial arts.

In 1653, Li Dingguo became a famous king twice, and Emperor Shunzhi, who grew up in the greenhouse, panicked all of a sudden, and planned to negotiate peace with the Yongli regime, but at the insistence of the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, the main battle faction of the Qing court finally gained the upper hand and enabled Hong Chengchou to serve as the governor of the five provinces to fight against the Ming army...... Handed over the military power to Hong Chengchou, a second minister, Emperor Shunzhi was very uneasy, so he sent Wang Fuchen to go out with the army, nominally a master sent to protect Hong Chengchou, but in fact it was the emperor's eyeliner.

But Emperor Shunzhi was still too tender, and he even sent the little hooligan Wang Fuchen to deal with the old fox Hong Chengchou, which was obviously unreliable. Hong Chengchou is cunning and cunning, how could he let a time bomb be placed by his side for a long time, and with a little trickery, he subdued Wang Fuchen and turned him into his confidant, half of his godson.

After the extermination of the Yongli regime, Hong Chengchou rewarded meritorious deeds, and promoted Wang Fuchen to be the chief soldier of Qujing, Wang Fuchen was stationed in Yunnan for a long time, and formed an indissoluble bond with Wu Sangui......

After adding Wang Kefan, a traverser, the trajectory of Wang Fuchen's fate is destined to change, just when he and Tang Yonggang and others were talking non-stop, Wang Kefan, who was walking in front, suddenly turned around from the horse and glanced at him meaningfully.

Wang Fuchen was twisting his face to speak, but he didn't see it, but Gu Yanwu hugged his fists from afar and smiled at Wang Kefan.

Esteemed!

Yongning County can make such political achievements, although it is inseparable from the efforts of Tang Yonggang and other grassroots officials, but it is more because of Wang Kefan's leadership. There is no doubt that Tang Yonggang is just an executor, and the major principles and policies must have been formulated by Wang Kefan, and the stubborn disease in the official field has plagued the Ming Dynasty for more than 200 years, but it is easy to solve in front of him, and it is suitable for the benefit of the country and the people, and this alone is worthy of Gu Yanwu's respect.

Wang Kefan returned the salute with a smile, turned around and rode his horse slowly, chatting casually with Zhu Ji from time to time.

Looking at his back, Gu Yanwu suddenly felt a lot more relaxed.

Since the Qing army entered the customs, seeing that the mountains and rivers were broken but unable to return to the sky, Gu Yanwu was worried every day and night, thinking that the fate of Shenzhou Lu Shen was inevitable, so he could only encourage himself to "the big husband knew that he could not do it", and he had been running around to contact the righteous people who resisted the Qing Dynasty. But after coming into contact with Wang Kefan in the past few days and seeing the new look of Yongning County with his own eyes, a glimmer of hope faintly rose in his heart - perhaps, recovering his homeland is not an unrealizable dream, but a promising future!

Huang Zongxi cares about agricultural affairs, has been immersed in the discussion of Guantian, and whenever he encounters something incomprehensible, he will ask Tang Yonggang carefully, but gradually, his brows furrowed, and the number of questions became less and less. Wang Fuchen was still full of interest, and kept chasing Tang Yonggang to talk down, especially listening to the details of those gentry and landlords, as if listening to a story, and regarded the dignified Tang Daling as a storyteller Liu Jingting.

Tang Yonggang finally couldn't help it and asked, "Why is Mr. Lizhou worried?" ”

Huang Zongxi sighed: "Hey, although Yongning County is a great rule, the law of governance is too extreme, and it is difficult for other counties to follow suit. ”

You can kill pigs and be a butcher, but you can slay dragons but you don't have dragons to slaughter, and the skill of slaying dragons sounds high-end and high-grade, but it has no practical value.

"That's hard to say!" Wang Fuchen immediately retorted: "Wang Junmen has a heavy army, as long as he is on the ground in Huguang Jiangxi, who dares not to listen to him?" If you want to move the official fields of other state capitals, that is, in one sentence, Mr. Tinglin, what do you say? ”

Distinct distinctions! Wang Fuchen came with Gu Yanwu, and he was very polite to him, and he was not very respectful to this Huangli Zhou who had never heard of it.

Huang Zongxi was not angry, smiled and said: "What you said also has some truth, but why is it that only Yongning and Yongxin counties are like this, and the rest of Ji'an Mansion is extremely poor?" ”

He asked Wang Fuchen in his mouth, but his eyes were staring at Tang Yonggang, but he didn't expect Tang Yonggang to answer yet, Wang Fuchen rushed to say: "Then you still need to say?" This is called old and serious! Governing national affairs should be like boiling fish, slow down little by little, and the fish will rot if you keep turning over back and forth! (To be continued......)