Of course, the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide generally needs to be ionized to produce a large amount, and the ancient people did not have such advanced technology, so the recipe for making handmade soap in ancient times is as follows:

Pigs, cattle and sheep vegetable and vegetable oils (oils), pancreas, plant ash, soybeans, alkali, soaphorn, etc. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

Among them, the saponins and other ingredients contained in the soap horn itself are natural surfactants, in other words, as long as the soap horn is mashed, you can wash clothes directly.

Soybean flour also contains saponins, and the pancreas contains enzymes, and the decontamination effect of the two together is perfect.

The pancreas is mashed, and as mentioned earlier, the pancreas contains enzymes, and animal fat, plus plant ash (containing alkali) or alkali, produces something called "fatty acid salt" in modern times, which is also a surfactant, which can remove pollution. The soap made in this way is the old saying "pancreas", and the decontamination effect is very good.

The above recipes can also be mixed. If you want to be fragrant, add spices.

The formula is available, and the raw materials are not difficult to get, Zhang Fan began to make handmade soap, making this is really simple, it is a primary school student, and it can be easily completed under the supervision of the teacher.

Under the guidance of water friends, complete the ingredients, add water, stir, add spices, enter the mold, form and remove the mold, cut into pieces, and dry......

The use of triglyceride components in the oil and alkali for saponification, is generally called cold soap. Cold soap is the oldest manufacturing method, but because the freshly made soap is strong alkaline and has a high moisture content, it needs to be matured for 3~4 weeks before it can be used.

This time is not very long, but Zhang Fan can't wait, so he uses another hot soap.

The hot method is to use heating to speed up the saponification, the advantage is that it does not need 3~4 weeks of maturation, and its disadvantage is that the soap is not as detailed as the cold method, and it is easy to lose the essence of the oil after high temperature production. Of course, the ancients didn't necessarily care about this difference.

It was completed in seven days, and the handmade soap was dark yellow, square, with a light and elegant fragrance, and the appearance was similar to the soap sold on the market. Zhang Fan tried it himself, and the decontamination effect is very good, which is perfect!

From the grease formula to the soft lather of a bar of soap in your hand, the ecstatic sense of accomplishment is something that no one who has ever made a handmade soap can experience.

After explaining a few words, Zhang Fan ran to offer a treasure to the foot trainer, "Master, come out quickly, I'll show you a baby!" ”

"It's dirty! I'll show you a baby...... Open your mouth and hold it! ”

"There's mud upstairs!"

"It's time for you to take your medicine!"

"Friend, you need to decontaminate the powder!"

"Am I the only one who wants to be crooked?"

"Yes, you're the only one!"

……

The step trainer asked strangely, "What baby?" ”

Zhang Fan handed her the handmade soap, she looked at it carefully, and sniffed it again, "What is this?" Eat? ”

Zhang Fan laughed and said: "No, this is whitening soap, a ...... for bathing and washing your face."

"Take a bath?" Her cheeks turned crimson as if two petals had suddenly flown to her cheeks.

"It can completely remove oil stains deep in the pores, make the skin moisturized and shiny, elastic, hydrating and whitening, anti-wrinkle and acne. Try it if you don't believe me......"

"Oops, Master Wuli blushes!"

"It's so cute, I really want to take a bite!"

"It's so beautiful to be shy!"

"The fourth master is dirty, this is a feudal society, you come to talk to others about taking a bath, that is, the teacher has a good temper, otherwise he would have smoked you early!"

"It's better to be an ancient woman, but now you don't have a red face when you tell meat jokes......"

"Kouhu, I'll blush when people tell meat jokes......"

"The girl upstairs is drinking and her face is drinking!"

"Upstairs is right!"

……

Sensing the strange reaction of the foot trainer, Zhang Fan realized that he seemed to be a little reckless, took out a white handkerchief, and dripped a few drops of sesame oil on it.

The foot trainer looked at him inexplicably, Zhang Fan asked people to bring a basin of water, wet the handkerchief, wiped it on the handmade soap, rubbed it vigorously, the water bleached, and handed it to the foot trainer to see-

"That's amazing! There are no oil stains at all...... "The step trainer was amazed.

"In fact, there are a lot of oil stains attached to human skin, which are invisible to the naked eye, and this soap can wash them all off."

"Is it really as powerful as you say?" The trainer was a little eager to try.

"Of course, how could I lie to you, like a fake."

She stopped talking, the flush on her face deepened, Zhang Fan understood his embarrassment, put down the handmade soap and left.

When Zhang Fan walked away, the foot trainer picked up the handmade soap and looked left and right, couldn't put it down, and shouted: "Mo'er-"

Mo'er was drying her clothes when she heard the words and ran in, "What's wrong, Miss?" ”

"Ready, I'm going to take a shower—"

Mo'er said strangely, "Didn't you just take a bath?" ”

The foot trainer gave her a blank look, and Mo'er stuck out her tongue and didn't dare to say more, so she hurriedly prepared to go......

The foot trainer is already very well bred, with fair skin, silky and silky, like satin. There is not a trace of fat on the waist and abdomen, and a graceful arc is drawn between the abdomen.

The eyebrows are lightly swept and lightly applied, and the red lips are a little crazy.

Looking at the beautiful body in the bathtub, even she herself was a little fascinated, and let out a soft sigh from her mouth:

"The peach is dying, scorching its bloom. The son of the home, the room IKEA ......"

……

The handmade soap was perfectly solved, and Zhang Fan recruited a group of winemakers to go up the mountain and began to develop distilled spirits.

The principle of distilled spirits is actually quite simple. Sugar and starch are fermented by yeast to produce alcohol, using the boiling point of alcohol (78.5. c) and the boiling point of water (100. c) No, when the original fermentation broth is heated to between the boiling points, the alcohol components and aromatic substances can be evaporated and collected from it.

The liquor, mash or fermented grain is heated in a special still, and the relative content of each substance varies in the vapor and in the liquor when distilled by heat due to the different volatility of the various substances they contain.

Alcohol (ethanol) is volatile, so the concentration of alcohol in the steam produced by heating increases, while the concentration of alcohol in the liquor or mash decreases. The aroma is collected and cooled, and the resulting liquor is colorless but has a spicy and strong smell.

The alcohol content is much higher than that of the original liquor, and the alcohol content of ordinary brewed sake is less than 20%. Distilled spirits can be as high as 60% or more.

The operation of distilled liquor is also very simple, nothing more than an additional distillation process in the original liquor making process, but the ancients did not know the knowledge of boiling point, so it was not until the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty that the technology of distilled liquor gradually matured, and the distilled liquor technology officially eliminated the original liquor technology.

The distiller was more laborious to make, Zhang Fan simply exchanged a few in the system, and after several experiments, the first jar of distilled spirits in history came out.

"Lord, what kind of wine is this? Why is it so fragrant? Ling Cao sneaked around to the workshop, Sima Zhao's heart is known to passers-by.

"Immortal Brew." Zhang Fan hated taking a name the most, so he made it up casually.

"Immortal wine, isn't it immortal wine?" Ling Cao secretly swallowed his saliva.

"Here you go! Look at your gluttony! Zhang Fan smiled evilly and handed it to him.

Ling Cao was also heroic, picked up the jar and sniffed it, was overjoyed, snorted and poured a big mouthful, suddenly turned pale, and then turned red, and hurriedly threw the wine jar into the hands of his own soldiers, roared again and again, jumped up and down, and suddenly the soles of his feet were soft, and he fell with a plop and fell into the mud-

Zhang Fan laughed and deliberately said: "Oh, Kun Tao, why are you in a hurry, I forgot to tell you, this wine is very strong, you have to take a sip to drink it slowly, why do you bother?" ”

"Lord, you ......" Ling Cao almost didn't mention it in one breath, and he couldn't speak......