This is the "Analects" Yongye chapter, Zi said: "Those who know are happy with water, and those who are benevolent are happy with mountains; Those who know move, and those who are benevolent are quiet; Those who know are happy, and those who are benevolent are long. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ”

Confucius said, "A wise man loves water, and a righteous man loves mountains; Wise people know how to be flexible, and righteous people are at peace. The wise are happy, and the righteous live long. Another understanding is "the happiness of the wise, the water" - the joy of the wise, just like flowing water, read all things in the world, leisurely, indifferent. "The benevolent are happy, the mountain" -- the benevolent is like a mountain, standing tall, lofty and peaceful.

In fact, this sentence cannot be simply interpreted as: a wise person must like water, and a benevolent person must like mountains.

It should be understood in conjunction with the understanding that the happiness of the wise is dynamic, like water. The happiness of the benevolent is static, like a mountain. Some people's academic cultivation is lively, and most of the smart people are lively; Most benevolent people are deep and as tranquil as mountains. It is based on "the happiness of the wise", the wise are happy, and the outlook on life and interests are multifaceted; "Benevolent longevity", quiet and cultivated people, less prone to tantrums, not easy to impulsive, look at things calmly, first difficult and then obtained, this kind of people have a longer life.

This question is also how the two students of the examination school understand and interpret this sentence.

I only heard the saying, "The green mountains are endless, and the green water is long." With mountains and rivers as a metaphor for benevolence and wisdom, this topic is very wonderful."

I saw Tan Zong and Jiang Zimo begin to think about answering.

Jiang Zimo was the first to say, "The sage knows the distinction of benevolence in detail, that is, the author of his virtue also speaks."

This means that the saint can distinguish in detail between the wise and the virtuous, and speak of the matter as a good and virtuous person.

Tan Zong continued, "The love of the husband's landscape, the body of movement and stillness, and the sign of happiness and longevity are all its authors, and Zhiren is more and more visible, but it is not distinguishable!" ”

This is: the wise and the benevolent have characteristics and should be clearly identified.

Jiang Zimo said: "I see that there are those in the world who really get in the middle, and there are no people who can't do it outside." And if you don't notice it, you will have its virtues, and you won't see its implications. Those who are virtuous and virtuous are based on the merits of their natural affairs, and they really have the beauty of their nature, and they often form themselves with what they do. Those who have a heart, cover often meet others. ”

This is to say: I observe that those who are wise and benevolent in the world will have a natural outpouring, which means that the wise and the benevolent are the same on the outside and on the inside. If you can't perceive this, then you can't get a glimpse of the person's virtues and thoughts. It is to ask people to observe attentively and see the essence through the phenomenon. If you look closely, you can find such a benevolent and wise person.

Tan Zong said, "Those who know, I know it in the water." Its clarity is like water with goodness, its dredging is like water with goodness, and those who see it are similar and true are presented, and those who know are not self-aware. The benevolent I know it in Leshan. Its generosity is like a mountain with peace and righteousness, and its seriousness is like a mountain with a town, and those who see it are similar and true are revealed, and the benevolent ones do not know it. ”

This passage talks about why the wise man likes water, because the water resembles the morphological characteristics of the wise man. The wise man is similar to the nature of water, silent, silent! The latter sentence is the same as the knower, this benevolent person and the mountain, Yu Gao Mountain, never forget!

Jiang Zimo replied: "Those who know are moved. Although the purpose of the name and reason is fine, those who know it take the present and are all there. People are to blame by moving, and those who know are meritorious by moving. The heaven of the knower is also moving, and there is nothing to do with all things, and it is advisable to be tired of it. The benevolent are quiet. Although the universe is divided, the benevolent ones keep it and do not move. If you pay things in a difficult way, those who appear inside are suitable for the tranquility outside. People are easy to keep if they are not quiet, and those who are benevolent are quiet and immeasurable. Quiet in the heaven of the benevolent, containing all kinds of reason and no thought, it is appropriate to stand both in life. ”