Da Hai explained: "The tribe of Wanyan Jin Kingdom is called Jurchen, and in order to avoid the emperor's name, he also writes Nuzhi. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 info To clarify this, we have to start with the name of this tribe. In fact, when the Jurchen pronunciation should be pronounced as Zhuzhen. ”

Geng Xiucai nodded and praised, "What Dr. Dahai said is extremely true, the female character is the same as Ru and Nu in the ancient sound, and it is pronounced as Zhu or Zu. For example, Nuwa should actually be pronounced Zuwa. ”

Dahai also nodded to Geng Xiucai, and then said:

"There is a way that is ten miles of different winds, and a hundred miles of different sounds. Zhuzhen in Chinese and Zhushen in Manchu actually have the same meaning, both of which are derived from the Mongolian language: "people from the east".

"Zhu" means "east" in Mongolian. Mongolian people pronounce it as "Qin", such as Haraqin, Korqin. Manchu people pronounce it as "shen", as in Ukshen. When it is converted into kanji, it becomes "true" or "shen".

The Mongols referred to all the tribes east of the Khing'an Mountains as "people of the east." This is where the word Jurchen comes from. ”

Sun Yi and Duo Erhong discussed this issue, so they interjected: "It seems that whether it is Jurchen or Zhushen, it is better to call it Donghu in general." ”

Dahai agreed, adding: "In fact, there is also the ancient solemnity, which are all transliterations of Donghu. Donghu itself contains many tribes, and there are many tribes that have moved in and out in history, just like Jiangnan in the Central Plains. Because the Jin Kingdom of the Wanyan clan arose in the eastern place, it got the clan name Jurchen. In fact, the "Jurchens", the tribes of the Wanyan clan's Jin Kingdom, and all the Donghu tribes east of the Xing'an Mountains are collectively called "Jurchens", and the two have completely different meanings. ”

Dahai continued: "At the beginning of the country, there was no city in the Yan family, and the stars were scattered, calling the emperor's village, the country's minister's village, and the prince's village. After the promotion of the emperor Zhai said Huining Mansion, built as the capital of Shangjing, according to the record of the place in the "press out of the tiger". The pronunciation is recorded in the Chinese characters of the Central Plains, and the tongue sound has always been deliberately omitted, for example, Altan Khan is recorded as Altan Khan. This "press out the tiger", carefully match the sound, in fact, it should be written as "Alechu". ”

Everyone was listening carefully, and Dahai said slowly: "Actually, when I heard that Jin was in Alechu, I guess some of you have already understood." ”

"Let's talk about the "Hu" of this "Alechu Hu" first. Everyone knows that the first emperor Nurhaqi led the army to fight the Ming army in the "Salhu", "Water Margin One Hundred Singles and Eight Generals". "Hu" was originally a Hu language, and later introduced to the Central Plains, meaning "waterside". "Salhu" is the bank of the Saar River, and "Alchuhu" is the bank of the Alchu River.

Let's talk about the "Alchu" of this "Alchuhu". The Wanyan clan built a city on the banks of the Alchu River, which was called Alchuka, and the country conquered by the Wanyan clan was called Alchuwen. Alchu corresponds to the Mongolian language is Altan, which means gold. Alchu is the Golden River, Alchuhu is the shore of the Golden River, Alchuka is the Golden Capital, and Alchuwen is the Golden Country. ”

Sun Yi asked: "Dr. Dahai, where is this Jinhe 'Alchu' and Jindu 'Alchuka'?" ”

Dahai replied: "The Alechu River first flows into the Tianhe Songhua River, and then the Songhua River flows into the Dashui Heilongjiang River. Alchuka is now also known as Acheng, or White City. ”

"Ah Cheng!"

Sun Yi suddenly realized that Acheng near Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province in the future! Sun Yi's father once bought their stock "Acheng Iron and Steel", and the trading was suspended as soon as he bought it, and he was trapped for several years, and his father talked about it for several years. The birthplace of Aixin Jinguo is in the city of Hetuala, which belongs to Fushun near Shenyang City, Liaoning Province. It is a thousand miles away from the birthplace of Wanyan Jinguo. Maybe the two really don't have to do with each other.

Dahai said: "Actually, the tribe of the Wanyan clan might as well be called the Alechu people. The Alechu were only one branch of the Eastern Hu, and they did not conquer all of them. Donghu in the south surrendered to the Wanyan clan, incorporated into the Jin nationality, and was called a mature woman; Those who are in the north are not from the country, and they are called Jurchens, also known as savage Jurchens. The Alchu people came out of the Xing'an territory and incorporated many steppe tribes in the west. From this, we can know the relationship between the Alchu people and Donghu. ”

"It is normal for people to send their own people to manage the country, let alone such a large place as the Central Plains. After the Yan clan built the capital of Yanjing, most of the tribes were moved. After the Yan Jin Kingdom was destroyed by the Mongols, the tribes in the area east of the Xing'an Mountains went through several vicissitudes. Over the centuries, some tribes came, some left, some scattered, and some changed their names. Today's "Donghu" are very different from those "Jurchens" at that time in Wanyan Jinguo. The Central Plains Imperial Court did not understand the situation, and mistakenly thought that these people were still the same clan of the Wanyan Clan's Jin Kingdom, so there was a saying that the Jianzhou Jurchen, the Haixi Jurchen, and the Savage Jurchen were borne. In fact, the descendants of the Wanyan clan Jin Kingdom only survived the Xibe tribe east of the Xing'an Mountains. The Siyi Pavilion of the Ming Dynasty sent documents with the large and small gold texts created by the original Wanyan clan, and no one in Donghu could understand it. ”

Geng Xiucai commented: "In this case, it is no longer appropriate for Donghu to be called Jurchen, and the Ming court should change their names, such as Zhushen to show their difference." ”

Da Hai smiled bitterly: "The Han people of the Southern Dynasties have always been self-respecting, and they never disdain to know these stories of foreign countries. ”

Sun Yiyi: "Dr. Dahai is polite. Han people are not self-esteem, they are arrogant and arrogant. ”

Dahai said in amazement: "Staff Officer Sun is open-minded. ”

Sun Yi asked: "Then today's Manchu tribe has nothing to do with the descendants of the Yan family, and they don't think they are ordinary Zhushen, where did the Manchu come from?" ”

Dahai hesitated for a moment and replied, "The Aixin Jueluo family fell from the sky. ”

Sun Yi smiled, if there is a person in this world who fell from the sky, that is himself.

Later generations had a saying that the Manchurians were actually Tunguska, and Sun Yi asked, "Dr. Dahai, do you know what the Tungusic people mean?" ”

Dahai looked at Sun Yi carefully and said, "Tunguska is Turkic. There are two widely spoken but similar languages in the savannah. The Mongolian language was prevalent in Genghis Khan's time, and the Turkic language was prevalent before Genghis Khan. For example, Altan in Mongolian language, and Altay in Turkic language. In today's west of Warat, many tribes north of Khalkha still speak Turkic. The Turkic word 'Tungus' means 'east', and Tunguska is still 'the man of the east'. Tunguska and Zhushen, Jurchen, Nüzhi, Sushen, and Donghu are actually the same word. ”

Sun Yi asked: "The Mongolian pronunciation of Jin is Altan, the Turkic pronunciation is Altay, and the pronunciation of Wanyan Jinguo is Altay." Only love the new Jin country's Manchu pronunciation to make love new. Dr. Dahai, does this mean that the relationship between the Manchu and the descendants of the Yan clan, the Xibe people, is not as close as the Mongols or Turks to the Xibe people? ”

Dahai dodged Sun Yi's gaze and looked up at the sky:

"Counselor Sun, the people on this earth are like clouds in the sky. One hour there may be two clouds that have merged into one, and the next hour one cloud may be blown away by a strong wind. Which of these clouds in the sky do you say you saw last year today? ”

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Resources

Dahai

Dahai (Manchu Latin transliteration: Dahai; 1595-1632), given the name "Bakshi", or "Bang Shi", "Handle Style". Manchuria is a native of the Blue Banner, fluent in Mongolia and Chinese, and Korean documents once mistakenly thought that Dahai was a Han Chinese. His descendants wore purple belts.

"Manchu Old Files" commented: It is no different from the ancient sages. He is the only sage in a country.

At the age of 20, Nurhachi summoned Dahai to the Wenguan and sent envoys to the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia, and Korea, all of which were drafted by Dahai; In China, when the order is in Chinese, it is preached by Dahai. He was also instructed to translate the "Ming Huidian" and "Sushu" and "Three Strategies".

After Huang Taiji ascended the throne, he divided the library into two parts, one part was for Erdeni to record state affairs, and the other part was for Dahai to be responsible for translating Chinese character books.

In the fifth year of Chongzhen, because the Manchu script created by Kagai and Erdeni copied the Mongolian alphabet, there were many voiced consonants and vowels o and ū used the same alphabet so that it was difficult to distinguish, so Huang Taiji ordered Dahai to reform the Manchu script. Dahai added circles next to the Manchu text to distinguish between different consonants and vowels. The prefix of diphthongs was added to make the Manchu script more accurate when it was paired with Chinese characters, and the Manchu script was only successfully created.

In the same year, Dahai accompanied Emperor Taiji to Chahar and died, at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve.

"Manchu Old Files" Chongzhen 5th July 14th:

After the Manchurian army arrived at the local camp in the place of Penduskar, the guerrilla Zhida Haibakkesh died of illness. On the first day of the sixth month, he fell ill and died on the forty-fourth, that is, on the fourteenth day of the seventh month. He was thirty-eight years old.

Extremely ill, Khan summoned his courtiers to weep and said: "I thought that Dahai was suffering from an ordinary illness, but now I am sick and regretful, and I deeply regret that he was not favored, and then I should be merciful to his son." You can tell me what you want. ”

Then he gave Dahai python satin one and two satin, and ordered the courtiers to take them. The courtiers conveyed the edict to Dahai. Bakshidahai wept with sorrow, but his illness was critical, and he couldn't speak.