The 60-year prosperity of the Ming Dynasty actually reflected the Ming court's northern border strategy of pacifying the west and containing the east. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

In the northeastern frontier of the Ming Dynasty, these sixty years have been filthy. First, there was friction between the Ming Dynasty and the Chahar Department, the headquarters of the Mongolian Great Khan who moved eastward, and then the Japanese invaded Korea, and the Ming Dynasty sent troops to resist Japan and aid Korea, and finally another Jin State emerged.

The "Jin Country" on the Eastern Front is called "Aixin Gulun" in the local dialect, "Aixin" means "gold", and "Gulun" is "country". Therefore, it is called "Houjin" here as "Aixin Jinguo".

In the western part of the Ming Dynasty, the official language of the Mongolian language is pronounced as "Altan Ulus", "Altan" means "gold", and it is the name of the founder, and "Ulus" is "country". This book is treated equally, and will later be called the "Altankin State".

Another one in history was founded by the Wanyan clan and turned the Song Dynasty into the "Jin Kingdom" of the Southern Song Dynasty, which this book calls "Wanyan Jin Kingdom".

"Aixin Jinguo" is located in the Ming Dynasty's Liaodong Town and the north of the Korean State, and the east of the Mongolian Chahar. The people who lived in this area were called "Jurchen" in Chinese in the Ming Dynasty, and "Zhushen" in the local dialect of the Aixin Jin Kingdom.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen tribes returned to the Ming Dynasty. The southern Jurchens were relatively civilized, and the Ming court used local natives as soldiers and tribal leaders as commanders to establish guards; The "savage Jurchen" in the north was more "wild", and the Ming court established the "Nuer Cadre Division" for extensive management.

The southernmost part of this area, close to Daming and North Korea, has Jianzhou Wei, Jianzhou Right Wei and Jianzhou Left Wei. Aixin Jinguo originated from Jianzhou Zuowei. When he was twenty-five years old, Nurhaqi, the lord of the Aixin Jin Kingdom, and his younger brother Shuerhaqi, a fellow mother, started with thirteen pairs of armor and traveled between the Ming Dynasty, Korea, and Mongolia. The brothers accepted both the official canonization of the Ming Dynasty and the official canonization of the Korean State, and especially showed fierce loyalty to the Ming Dynasty and actively demanded progress. With the connivance of the general army of Liaodong Town in the Ming Dynasty, the two brothers worked together to continuously encroach on the surrounding tribes.

By 1615, the fifty-seven-year-old Nurhaqi not only unified the Jianzhou Zhushen, but also fought the nearby three Zhushen of Hada, Ula and Huifa; Four years ago, Nurhaqi's own brother and the number two man in the army, Shulhaqi, died in the prison after two years of captivity, and in this year, Nurhaqi executed his eldest son, Chu Ying, who had also been imprisoned for two years and was the recognized successor, and Nurhaqi became the absolute center of power. In this year, the governor of Jiliao of the Ming Dynasty praised Nurhaqi to the imperial court, saying that he was "obedient". At the end of the year, Nurhaqi expanded his sergeants into eight banners, which was the beginning of the Eight Banners of the Manchu Qing Dynasty.

In 1618, the year of Nurhaqi's sixtieth birthday, he suddenly published "Seven Great Hatreds", which was openly anti-Ming and captured the two important towns of Fushun and Qinghe in one fell swoop. The following year, the Ming Dynasty mobilized 100,000 coalition troops to encircle and suppress Nurhaqi, and in early March, the two sides fought a decisive battle at Salhu, resulting in a great defeat of the Ming coalition army.

When Nurhaqi found out that the Ming Dynasty was so unbeaten, his confidence suddenly increased greatly, and he decided to show the banner - Dajin Kingdom!

In the eight years of Aixin Jinguo, the momentum was like a bamboo, and the attack was overwhelming, and in one breath the Ming Dynasty's twenty general soldiers in Liaodong killed fifteen, firmly occupied the Liaohe Plain, and built the capital Shenyang.

In the first month of 1626, Nurhaqi encountered Yuan Chonghuan's cannon-defense line in the city, which was built with the strength of the whole country. Nurhaqi defeated Ning Yuan, and Ning Yuan became the first and only city that Nurhaqi failed to conquer in his life. For such a resistance war whose political significance was far greater than the effect of the war, the Ming Dynasty called it "Ningyuan Great Victory".

Nurhazi withered like a flower. Nurhaqi's eighth son, Huang Taiji, succeeded him.

Huang Taiji, just by looking at this name, you know that he is domineering and leaky, and he is destined to be the emperor's luck.

As soon as Huang Taiji took office, he first crusaded against Korea. When my Ama died, Yuan Chonghuan sent people to mourn, but you dare not come? In 1627, the first month of the Emperor's Taiji army sent to Korea! North Korea hurriedly asked the Ming Dynasty for help, but at this time, Yuan Chonghuan, the governor of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty, was burying his head in the time to repair the city, and he couldn't even take care of the army of the Ming Dynasty, let alone North Korea! Abandoned by the Ming Dynasty, the DPRK could only beg for mercy from the Aixin Jin State, and the Emperor Taiji had no intention of trapping his forces in Korea, and the two sides soon reached a brotherly alliance in March, and the DPRK was the first to recognize the political status of the Aixin Jin Kingdom.

After getting Korea, Huang Taiji attacked Ningyuan again in May. Yuan Chonghuan's city wall was not blown out of his mouth, but the cannon was piled up with money! Ningyuan and Jinzhou once again stopped Aixin Jinguo, and the history of the Ming Dynasty called Ningjin a great victory.

Huang Taiji, who loves the new Jin Kingdom, understands that his Eight Banners disciples can't help Ning Yuan's Jiancheng cannon. If you want to continue to attack the Ming Dynasty, you can only bypass Ningyuan, either by sea to the east or to the grassland to the west. It is definitely not possible to take the sea route, and the water love Xinjin Kingdom is by no means the opponent of the Ming Dynasty; It is not possible to walk the steppe, the Chahar department of the Mongol Great Khan is in the way there. If you start a war with the powerful Chahar, you will inevitably lose both, and when the time comes, Daming will stab you in the back again, and the love of the new Jin Kingdom will be over.

The Ming Dynasty also understood that the Jurchens were not invincible, as long as they piled up cannons in the city, even a pig could stop the serfs. When Ning Jin won the victory, everyone was hello and I had a share, and the greatest credit was the nine-thousand-year-old Wei Zhongxian, and Yuan Manzi, who was dumbfounded and didn't save him, also meant that the official was promoted to a level and rewarded thirty taels of silver. Yuan Chonghuan was furious, this is "a martial art that has not been seen for decades", I am the governor of Liaodong, I built the city, the pressure is my back, and I stopped the construction of slaves, and I will share the credit just a little bit? I'm gone! Lao Tzu resigned and went home to pick up the child!

Wei Zhongxian said: Resign and go home? I don't send it! The Ming Dynasty pig has it, and there is no shortage of you. The method of repairing the city pool was not thought up by your Yuan Manzi, it was Sun Chengzong's idea, and your Yuan Manzi just recognized the reason and did it brutally! Before the war, you declared that this turtle shell tactic was "one city to help one city, and one section to top the other in the code." Step by step, stay firm everywhere". As soon as the war started, the small castles you spent a lot of money on were useless, and they couldn't withstand it at all, and the Jiannu was defeated in one day; It is even more foolish to say that the soldiers who go out of the city will not be able to come back as soon as they go out. The army is under your command, you can only retreat in the two isolated cities of Ningyuan and Jinzhou, if it weren't for Mao Wenlong of Dongjiang Town taking the initiative to attack behind Jiannu and threatening Jiannu's retreat, do you think Jiannu can withdraw his troops? You're a nerd who can only do anything! Do you think the money for repairing the city was blown by the wind?

Wei Zhongxian ordered the abandonment of Jinzhou, and the army retreated to Ningyuan. The money saved was given to Mao Wenlong, and the military salary in Dongjiang Town increased from the original 400,000 taels to 1 million taels, and by the way, he built a few more "ancestral halls" for himself.

When Huang Taiji learned of this, he sent 3,000 men to Jinzhou to destroy the city wall, but did not occupy it. This shows that Jinzhou is indeed a chicken rib that is not even given to the enemy for nothing, rather than a strategic place identified by Yuan Chonghuan. Wei Zhongxian may not have a good character, but his vision is indeed vicious!

The Ming army retreated to Ningyuan, the defense line was stronger, and the stupid way to solve the big problem. Da Ming and Aixin Jin Guo are in such a stalemate. Everyone knows that if the stalemate lasts for a long time, it will only be beneficial to the vast Ming Dynasty.

Unfortunately, the impasse lasted less than half a year. The impasse was broken by the headquarters of the Mongol Great Khan, the Chahar Tatars, located between the kingdoms of Aixin and Altankin.

Mongolia, the Mongolian language originally means silver, and the Mongolian literal translation is "silver country". Sandwiched between two gold countries, the "Silver Country" is like a sandwich.

Strictly speaking, the "silver country" has long ceased to exist. The Great Khan's jurisdiction was narrowed from the Mongol Empire to the Yuan Dynasty, then to the Northern Yuan, and then to the Tatars, and now the only military force that the Great Khan could mobilize was his own Chahar Tatar headquarters.

To the south of Chahar is the Ji town of the Ming Dynasty. In recent years, because of the rise of the new Jin Kingdom, the Ming Dynasty has a love-hate relationship with Chahar. On the one hand, the two sides are feuding, and destroying Chahar is equivalent to destroying the Northern Yuan, on the other hand, Daming also expects to unite with Chahar to fight against the Aixin Jin Kingdom.

In the autumn of that year, Chongzhen ascended the throne, and Chahar launched an attack on the Altakin state on the western front. This is a strange war, the Altanjin Kingdom was destroyed, Chahar was bruised, Aixin Jin occupied the territory of the original Chahar, and the Ningyuan defense line of the Ming Dynasty was declared invalid. It can be said that this battle changed the pattern of the north and determined the direction of Chinese history.

Aixin Jin called this battle "Huang Taiji a conquest of Chahar", the Ming Dynasty called this battle "Hudun Rabbit let the old land Yu Jiannu", and the Mongolian side called this battle "Chahar westward migration".

Let's start with the main characters of the war.

Zhu Youzhen, the new emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was named Chongzhen, sixteen years old, diligent and assertive.

Huang Taiji, the new Aixin Jin Guo Khan, is thirty-five years old, young and strong, and has been in war for a long time.

Lin Dan, Chahar Khan, the titular Great Khan of Mongolia, thirty-five years old, with the honorific name Hutuketu Khan, which means "long live", was translated by Ming Dynasty documents as "Hudun Tuhan" (despise the literati of the late Ming Dynasty, not kind!). ), built the capital Chaganhot, Chinese translation Baicheng, in the later generations of Chifeng. At that time, the people called the Chahar Department the Chahar State.

Bush Tu, the "Shunyi King" of the Altanjin Kingdom, recorded in the Ming Dynasty as "Bu Lost Rabbit" (again despised the literati of the late Ming Dynasty), built the capital Kuku and Tun, and translated Zhaocheng (Zhaocheng) into Chinese, in Hohhot in later generations. Bushtu is the grandson of Altan Khan's grandson, and the military strength of Altanjin at this time mainly includes the Tumut Department located outside Datong Town in Daming Dynasty, the Ordos Department located outside Yansui Town in Daming, and the Karaqin Department between Tumut and Chahar. After decades of peace and prosperity and several family internal conflicts, the military strength has been greatly inferior to that of the Altan Khan period.

War period: 1627 (the year of Chongzhen's accession to the throne) to 1628 (the first year of Chongzhen)

The course of the war:

In March/April 1627, it was rumored that the Chahar was going to move westward and return to their pasture land a hundred years ago, outside the Xuandakou, and the Karaqin tribes took refuge.

In June 1927, Lin Dan Khan was placed on the front line, and the leaders of the two battalions of Ao Han and Naiman, which bordered the Aixin Jin Kingdom, decided to join the Ai Xin Jin Kingdom.

In August 1627, Chongzhen ascended the throne.

In September 1927, the leaders of the two battalions of Ao Han and Naiman in Chahar led the people to the east to surrender to Huang Taiji, making way for the passage between Chahar and Aixin Jinguo. Those who did not want to go east returned to Chahar headquarters.

In October 1627, Lin Dan Khan stayed in his homeland with the Dorot camp and led tens of thousands of Chahar people to move west.

In October 1627, Lin Dan Khan arrived in the Karaqin pastureland, and the two sides clashed fiercely, and the Karaqin tribe collapsed. Karaqin Khan corresponded with Huang Taiji and contacted to jointly attack Lin Dan Khan.

In the first month of 1628, Qalaqin Khan led his people to retreat westward and fought against Lintan Khan together with Tumut. The two sides fought fiercely in Kuku and Tun, known as the "Battle of Zhaocheng" in history. Chahar defeated the combined forces of Tumut and Karaqin and occupied Kuku and Tun. Bush Tu's exodus; The remnants of Karaqin agreed with Huang Taiji to feed the horses and set out to conquer Chahar when the grass was "out of the grass".

In February 1628, on the pretext that his envoy had been killed, Emperor Taiji personally led his troops to the homeland of Chahar, with Dorgon and Duoduo as the vanguard. Dolgon defeated the Dorot battalion left behind by Chahar and captured more than 10,000 men. 1,400 Mongol and Han Chinese men were ordered to be organized into private households, and all the rest of the captives were rewarded to the soldiers as slaves.

In May 1628, Lin Dan Khan continued to sweep the steppe. Chongzhen announced the cessation of the "city rewards" of the Tatar ministries. Lin Dan Khan sent people to Xuanfu Xinping Fort to "ask for reward" and was killed, and then to the victory to "ask for reward", so he led the army to attack Datong, Datong was also almost lost, and the Ming army and civilians lost tens of thousands.

In May 1628, Huang Taiji ordered people to go out to Chahar Arakzhuot Division, and with the cooperation of the two battalions of Ao Han and Naiman, he killed the leader of the Arakzhuo Department and collected all his people.

On the third day of August 1628, the remnants of Karaqin and Huang Taiji swore an alliance in Shenyang to establish an anti-Chahar and anti-Ming alliance. The remnants of the Karaqin were worried that Lin Dan Khan would negotiate peace with the Han and become more powerful, urging Huang Taiji to send troops as soon as possible.

In August 1628, Bushtu led the remnants of Tumut to join the Ordos tribe and another remnant of Karaqin, Yongshaobu, to prepare for a decisive battle with Chahar.

In September 1628, the allied forces of Tumut, Ordos, and Yongshaobu of Altanjin fought against Lin Dan Khan at the Abugai River (at the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, in the area of Bailing Temple in later generations). Lin Dan Khan won a great victory after a hard battle. The Tumut Department was defeated, Bushtu was hunted down to the end of the world, and the Golden Seal of the Great Khan was captured by Lin Dan Khan; Yong Shaobu was defeated in a battle, and there is no longer this name in history; Ordos lost most of the people and horses, and returned to Lin Dan Khan. The kingdom of Altankin is now destroyed!

In September 1628, Huang Taiji was invited to send troops and agreed that the Mongol tribes of Korqin, Karaqin, Ao Han, Naiman, Nekhalkha, and large and small would join forces. In addition to Korqin, these tribes all sent troops to love the new Jin tribe, and the most active was of course Karaqin, "a total of 975 people". The Horqin Department said that it would not participate in the coalition and would attack on its own, and Huang Taiji was furious. Huang Taiji commanded the coalition army to sweep through Chahar's hometown for two whole days, and the Chahar troops "killed those who resisted, and those who surrendered were formed", and returned to the division in victory.

The war burned the steppe from west to east. As a result of the war, the Altahkin Kingdom was completely destroyed by Chahar, but Chahar's old capital was lost in the battle, and the old nest was also taken away by the Aixin Jin Kingdom.

After this battle, Chahar was "very tired, hungry, and poor", and his soldiers were seriously depleted, "Arima only received 40,000 yuan, and the public was less than 50,000", and he was unable to launch a counterattack against the raid of the Aixin Jin Kingdom in his old nest.

Huang Taiji's battle fully demonstrated his military genius, and he easily obtained the maximum benefit by leveraging his strength. Aixin Jinguo won the people in this battle, and turned the western enemy into an ally, and Aixinjin Guo can use the way to attack the Ming Dynasty in the future. In fact, in the second year, Huang Taiji made a detour to Xifengkou, approached the city of Beijing, and fiercely ridiculed Chongzhen's Ningyuan defense line built with the strength of the whole country, so that Chongzhen angrily beheaded Yuan Chonghuan, and the soldiers and horses entered the Weiqin Wang's food and grass and mutinied.

The Ming Dynasty did not send a single soldier from beginning to end, that is, it did not assist the subject state of Altanjin on the western front, nor did it send troops to Ningjin on the eastern front to contain the enemy Aixinjin State.

When the grassland was like glue, Chongzhen was busy defeating Wei Zhongxian; When Huang Taiji attacked Chahar's hometown, Chongzhen enabled Yuan Chonghuan, and the two of them played against each other, Chongzhen ambitiously decided to level Liao in five years, gritted his teeth and supported Liaodong all over the country, and repaired the city cannon all the way to the city of Shenyang, and solved the problem of Jiannu in one fell swoop!

――Yuan Chonghuan's nickname is Yuan Manzi, and it seems that Chongzhen's brute strength is greater than Yuan Manzi.

Liu Batel and their people from the Altanjin Kingdom wanted to defect to the Ming Dynasty in the war, but they were driven out, all the way, and fell to the Wolf Mountain River.

――――――――――

References (not related to the plot, skip for uninterested readers)

The mystery of Nurhachi's Jianyuan

Aixinjin is the founding lord of the country, and most of the Ming Dynasty documents record it as "Nuer Hachi"; Korean literature is mostly recorded as "Lao Yi Ke Chi" and "Lao Ke Chi"; Qing Dynasty documents are mostly recorded as "Balhaqi" and "Nurhaqi".

There are not many texts recorded in the former Qing Dynasty, and after the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs, they wantonly tampered with historical materials, and for historians, Nurhachi is a mystery: there is a mystery of the surname, the mystery of the ancestors, the mystery of the life experience, the mystery of the family name, the mystery of the concubine, the mystery of the murder of the brother, the mystery of the beheading, the mystery of the Jianyuan, the mystery of the artillery wound and the mystery of the posthumous position. A historical mystery, as many as ten.

When was the new Jin Kingdom founded, when did it have its own era name, whether it was called the emperor, and what was the country name, the history is called "the mystery of the Later Jin Jianyuan".

The relevant departments of the Aixin Jin Kingdom firmly believed that they were the first day of the first month of 1616, and the country name was "Jin", which was changed to "Daqing" in 1636. The term Houjin is deliberately fabricated by the DPRK to insult the national prestige and resolutely refuse to recognize it!

A group of Han people who have lost their ancestral society are also firmly convinced that the relevant departments of Aixin Jinguo are lying! The relevant departments shamelessly revised the historical materials and compiled new stories!

Therefore, the author here focuses on the appearance of Aixin Jinguo, try to be impartial, and try to observe from the perspective of a third party. After Aixin Jin entered the customs, he destroyed and deleted a large number of unfavorable texts left by the Ming Dynasty, and even deleted his own documents, but he simply forgot about North Korea. So the author will tell from the perspective of North Korea.

In 1615, Nurhaqi executed his eldest son, and at the end of the year, the expansion of the Eight Banners was completed, which was the beginning of the Eight Banners of the Manchu Qing Dynasty. According to the relevant departments of Aixin Jinguo, on the first day of the first month of the second year (1616), the Jin Kingdom was born, and the Mandate of Heaven was established, and 1616 was the first year of the Mandate of Heaven; Outsiders don't know, there is the original material "Manchu Old Files" as evidence. But skeptics believe that "Manchu Old Files" is full of deletions and smears, which is not to be believed!

The North Korean side has already had the information that Kim has long had. Two years ago, the "Diary of Gwanghae-kun" recorded in the Korean state of Taebaekyamamoto on June 25, the sixth year (1614):

"Jianzhou Yi chieftain, Tong Nuer Hachi, his real name is Dongtar (the original text is next to the dog), my country falsely calls his country Nu Kechi, this chieftain name, not the name of the country. The chief's surname was Tong, and then he was called Jin, and he was also a Jurchen species. Or the one who is called the bird, is born by his mother swallowing the bird's eggs. Today, the name of the country is called "gold", and the people of the Central Plains are commonly called "Jianzhou". ”

That is to say, Nurhaqi's original name was Dongtar (sound), his original surname was Tong, and he may have been surnamed "Jin" or "Bird" later. Before June 1614, it had been privately established under the name "Jin". However, in recent years, there have been many large and small countries, and as long as the Yuan is not established, North Korea has not been regarded as a major event.

In 1618, when Nurhaqi was sixty years old, he suddenly turned against the Ming Dynasty and captured the two important towns of Fushun and Qinghe in one fell swoop. The following year, the Ming Dynasty mobilized 100,000 coalition troops to encircle and suppress Nurhaqi, and in early March, the two sides fought a decisive battle at Sarhu, resulting in a great defeat of the Ming Dynasty coalition army. Nurhaqi found out that the Ming Dynasty was so careless, and decided to show the flag!

Nurhaqi returned to North Korea several North Korean generals including Chung Yingjing, who had been captured in the Battle of Sarhu, and took the opportunity to present their credentials to North Korea. The file of King Gwanghae-kun of Joseon, "Diary of Gwanghae-kun", "April 19, 11th year (1619)", states:

"Chief Shinu sent Zheng Yingjing and others, and sent a letter to the king, saying that after the second year of the Mandate of Heaven, the Khan of the Jin State sent a message to the king of Joseon, and the seven sects were angry, and they blamed the Chinese and Korean dynasties, and asked for help, and made an appointment to stop the army."

Seeing the line "After the second year of the Mandate of Heaven, the Khan of the Kingdom of Jin sent an edict to the King of Joseon", the Korean court was taken aback.

If you don't follow the name of the Celestial Dynasty, you want to be the emperor when you build the Yuan! In the second year of the Mandate of Heaven, it was calculated that it began with Nurhaqi's raid on Fushun Qingyuan. The new country name turned out to be "Houjin".

(The relevant departments of Aixin Jinguo firmly believe that the North Koreans have made a mistake.) The name of his country is "Jin", which was founded in 1616, and it has been four years since the Mandate of Heaven! ）

Although there was a feud between Korea and the Jurchens, and although the Ming Dynasty stipulated that no private communication between the countries of Fan, the king of Korea maintained an "indirect" correspondence with Nurhaqi. This time, North Korea cooperated with the Ming Dynasty to send troops to Salhu, and the two sides also communicated endlessly.

But this time, it was directly written "Later Jin Khan sent an edict to the king of Korea", which was delivered by the messenger, and it was clearly a national letter, if the Ming court knew how to get it!

It is definitely not okay to reprimand the envoys and return the credentials, and the captured marshal, deputy marshal, and several generals of the DPRK are still "guests" at Nurhaqi!

At this time, there was a border pass, and the text mentioned the "seal" translated as "Emperor Houjin".

Whether it's Khan or the Emperor, it's a big deal! The king of Joseon specially asked his subordinates, and the Korean history books recorded: Renjia, and said: "In the text, the Houjin Khan Bao (treasure is the seal), and the 'Houjin Emperor' Chen, I don't know what it is?" Ordered the Bibian Division to be carefully inspected for missionary work. Hui Qi said: "The imprint in the Hu book, so that the interpreter Shen Ruyi and Mengxue Tongshi interpreted, then the seal style is the seven characters of the Emperor of the Later Jin Heavenly Mandate, so the text also has this meaning." ……”

It's a big deal! North Korea uses Chinese as its official language, and all correspondence is in Chinese characters; There are not many "literate" people in China who love Xinjin, and they mostly use "Fanwen". Originally, on the question of whether Nurhaqi was a khan or an emperor, there was still the slightest possibility of a translation error. This time, experts were specially sent to study Nurhaqi's seal, and it was really clear: Nurhaqi became the emperor! Emperor Houjin!

What to do? Ignore the Houjin Guoshu, do you still want your marshal? If you offend Houjin, what should Houjin do if you take revenge?

Think about it. The king of Joseon instructed the great student to learn from Li Erzhan to "make an answer to the Hu Shu". Li Erzhan Shangshu: "Today's construction of slaves, against the sky, against the sky, built known as me, unscrupulous...... Zechen would rather cut his fingers and wrists, destroy the inkstone and burn the pen, and dare not obey his fate! “

After several discussions, the king and ministers of the Joseon decided to reply in the name of the local officials, and the Pyongan Province observer Pak Ye named Nurhaqi as the "Jianju Weima Law" according to the old practice of correspondence between the border Jurchens and the Joseons. Mafa is what grandpa means. This is not that the king of North Korea was so frightened that he recognized Nurhaqi as his grandfather, but it was just a very general honorific title, which was the same level as the people of Tiemu who respectfully called Sun Yi "master".

This letter later led to a series of negotiations, how to call each other became the main battlefield of the Korean state's eight-year war of resistance against the new Kim country.

On the other hand, North Korea decided to immediately report this important information to the Ming Dynasty.

When the Ming court received the information, it shook up and down, and the officials recorded this major event with pen and ink.

Wang Zaijin: "The Korean Advisory, Jianzhou transferred the book to call the Later Jin Khan, the Jianyuan Mandate of Heaven, referring to China as the Southern Dynasty, and the yellow clothes called me, which is very insulting. “

Peng Sunyi: "North Korean espionage, Jianzhou moved the book to call the Later Jin State Khan, changed the Yuan Mandate of Heaven, and denounced China as the Southern Dynasty. “

Yugong (Mao Ruizheng): "The Korean side consulted, the slave chieftain was frightened by the transfer of the book, and the Khan of the Jin State was subdued, and the Mandate of Heaven was established, and China was condemned as the Southern Dynasty. “

……

Nurhaqi took advantage of the momentum of Sarhu's great victory, successively captured Kaiyuan and Tieling, and destroyed Zhushen Yehebu, and issued a list of surrenders all over the country to persuade the Liao people to surrender.

In June of the forty-eighth year of Wanli (1620), Liaodong Jingluo Xiong Tingbi played and reported the matter, and the full text was copied and a copy of the surrender list was attached.

"Ming Shilu" contains: "After Xiong Tingbi's play, the slave thief recruited a piece of paper, which is called the Khan of the Later Jin Kingdom, and he calls himself I, and they are all submerged. The thief said that he was blessed by God, and China was blamed by God, and he ordered the generals to lead the castle to surrender...... This thief list is not yet humiliating. …… The stakes are so important that I don't dare not hear about it, so I will try my best to record the full words and present it to the royal ,......"

The recital of the university scholar Fang Congzhe can be corroborated: "Yesterday, I saw the slave chieftain surrendering the list and insulting my monarch with the Song family's demise and insult, and the emperor will be furious......

From the intelligence summary of North Korea and Liaodong, it can be concluded that Nurhaqi has indeed become emperor! The name of the country is "Houjin", and the founding of the Yuan Dynasty began in 1618. The king of Joseon and Xiong Tingbi specially reported this matter, and they would never and would never dare to make mistakes in major details such as the name of the country, the name of the emperor, and the name of the year.

This matter is by no means as simple as insulting the national prestige of the country name of "Houjin".

If Nurhaqi did claim the title of emperor, then his subsequent suctures for peace would be nothing more than smoke. The Ming Dynasty did not forgive him, and there was a completely justified reason.

If Nurhaqi did claim the emperor, then the "because Li Zicheng destroyed the Ming Dynasty and avenged the Ming Dynasty, he had no choice but to take over the world" propagated by Aixin Jinguo in the future, was not valid from the beginning.

However, after Huang Taiji took office, he crusaded against Korea, and the two sides reached an agreement, and the name of Aixin Jin changed to "Jin" again, and the emperor's affairs were not mentioned:

"Joseon Record", March 3, 1627, 5th year of Injo:

"The Korean State swore to the Jin State on the afternoon day of the first month of the Ding Mao year, our two countries have agreed to reconcile, and in the future, the two countries will abide by the oath and defend the frontier, if our country and the Jin State make enemies, violate the reconciliation, and raise troops to invade, then the emperor will send disaster; If the Jin State violates the peace due to bad intentions and raises troops to invade, it will also be a disaster for the emperor. The monarchs and ministers of the two countries, each keeping a good heart, sharing the peace, the emperor and the queen of heaven, and Yue blasphemy, listen to this oath. ”

North Korea unequivocally recognized the "Kim State" and ended the eight-year diplomatic war of resistance.

In addition, in the same year, North Korea wanted to write to love the new Kim country, and it was recorded in the "Korean Record":

"In June of the fifth year of Renzu (1627), Ding You, the preparation bureau said: Hu Shu claimed to be the Khan of the Dajin Kingdom, and the book was written by Yiqu, and the book was written by the Khan of the Dajin Kingdom. Only the book Jin Guo Khan? Because of the use of the word 'big' in our country, I am afraid that it is not appropriate. Shang said: It seems that the word 'big' can be carried out. ”

It seems that in the later period, Aixin Jinguo changed the official country name from "Houjin" to "Jin", and then Huang Taiji changed it to "Dajin";

What needs to be explained here is that the country name of the Ming Dynasty was not "Ming", it was "Daming" from the beginning. This naming custom in China began with "Da Yuan". The previous country names of "Dayuan" were all single words.

Nurhaqi is called the emperor, and Huang Taiji does not mention being called emperor or me, but it is in line with the meaning of the name "Huang Taiji" - the crown prince. It seems that this has something to do with the mystery of Nurhachi's posthumous position.