The communication soldiers and orphans in the courtyard, each with a gypsum slab, waited for Teacher Kikige early. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info they can play Mongolian flags, but they can't write.

Daoist Jia walked around the communication soldiers, muttering, "You have to honor the word!" Don't dare to write on the slate! ”

Sun Yibai glanced at him and said loudly, "Daoist Jia, what are you nervous about!" They wrote Mongolian pinyin, not words! Come here, I've got something to look for you. ”

Jia Daoshi let out a sigh of relief, "Fan characters naturally can't be counted, so everyone should be careful." After that, he left the signal corps.

Ever since the electrogenous magnetism destroyed Daoist Jia's three views, he had always wondered if the sayings of the saints he had believed in before were really reasonable. For example, the communication soldiers in front of him are practicing calligraphy on a slate, and it is definitely disrespectful to write on a slate. But without slate, can the ironwood camp afford paper? If you can't afford paper, don't you let the communication soldiers and children be literate? When Ouyang Xiu was young, his family couldn't afford to run pen and ink, so Ouyang Xiu used a reed pole to practice calligraphy on the sand, is it disrespectful? Is it disrespectful for the ancients to inscribe books on the walls? Legend has it that Sage Kong wrote on his brother's stomach when he was young, is it disrespectful?

If you don't open your mouth to stop someone who is disrespectful, it is your own sin. Now that he has been dissuaded, Lord Lidel said that what was written was a word, and Daoist Jia was happy.

Sun Yi called Daoist Jia over to study spelling Chinese with the Mongolian alphabet. The first is to save Jia Daoist from causing chaos, and the second is that Sun Yi has tried to spell Chinese with Mongolian letters in the past few days, and has encountered a lot of problems, and he really needs the help of a person from this time and space.

The first problem is the unique tone of Chinese, the four-tone zhuyin that was popular in later generations, and it was not applicable in the Ming Dynasty.

Take Shaanxi dialect as an example. There is a simple tonal correspondence between the Mandarin that Sun Yi was familiar with in later generations and the Shaanxi dialect of the Ming Dynasty. Like what

Mandarin pronunciation Yin Ping (one tone), Shaanxi dialect is read softly;

Mandarin pronounces Yangping (two tones), Shaanxi dialect still reads Yangping;

Mandarin pronunciation (three tones), Shaanxi dialect pronunciation;

Mandarin pronunciation (four tones), Shaanxi pronunciation Yinping;

Mandarin mother, hemp, horse, scolding, in Shaanxi dialect is pronounced as hemp, scolding, mother.

However, the Shaanxi dialect itself does not have a tone (three tones), so it sounds particularly stiff.

A similar pattern of tonality also exists in Shanxi dialect, but there is also a large number of Shanxi dialects that have disappeared in later generations. To Sun's ears, the sound is a short note ending in p, b, t, d, k, g, and h. For example, the English "Vietnam" in the later word "Vietnam", the t sound in the first sound "Viet", as if it had been eaten.

In addition to speaking Shaanxi and Shanxi dialects, the Ming Dynasty people in Tiemuying sometimes spoke a kind of "official dialect" that resembled Henan dialect and Nanjing dialect. Mandarin not only has a sound, but also a sharp group sound.

Because of the discovery of these rules, Sun Yi quickly learned to use Shaanxi dialect to communicate with the Ming Dynasty without barriers, but Sun Yi was even less confident in the method of four-tone phonetics.

Interestingly, Sun Yi also found that no matter how you read ancient poems in Shaanxi dialect or Shanxi dialect, you have a strong sense of inhibition and frustration, and it is nondescript to read in Mandarin.

Sun Yi read a few Tang and Song poems in Mandarin and asked Daoist Jia to comment on the pronunciation.

Jia Daoshi pointed out sharply that Lidelye's hometown dialect, "Mandarin", not only has local pronunciation caused by non-rhyme, but also completely lost the flat correspondence in the poem!

Rhyme Sun Yi understood.

In layman's terms, Pingsheng is the first and second tones of later generations, and Pingsheng is the rest of the tones. Pingsheng reads softly, and Pingsheng reads with serious illness, forming a unique sense of frustration in Chinese, and ancient poems and even personal names pay great attention to Pingsheng.

For example, the five-word quatrain, it must be

It's mediocre

(仄) 仄仄平

(仄)

It's mediocre

Daoist Jia shook his head and recited Sun Yi's Tang and Song poems in Shaanxi dialect, and replaced them with the official dialect of the Ming Dynasty and memorized them again. finally concluded: "Listen, whether it is dialect or official dialect, it has a flat charm!" ”

Sun Yi was convinced, no wonder later generations said that Mandarin was a "Manchu" language and was not suitable for Chinese.

Jia Daoshi suggested that if you note the tone, don't stick to the details of the dialect, but just show the plain. Sun Yi gave Daoist Jia a thumbs up, and the tone problem suddenly became simpler, what is not indicated is the flat sound, and adding a point to the original sound is the voice.

The second problem is that there are too few letters in Mongolian, and there is no distinction between voiced consonants and "ahhh". For example, the spelling of "Tadated" in Mongolian is the same.

Because Mongolian has its own unique pronunciation rules, as long as you are familiar with Mongolian, you will not make mistakes, but this kind of turbidity will definitely make mistakes if it is not generalized to Chinese.

This requires Sun Yi to expand the existing alphabet, and the difficulty is to formulate the alphabet, which is required to be consistent with the existing Mongolian language. In this way, even if you don't know the new alphabet, you won't be wrong to pronounce it according to the old Mongolian pronunciation.

Sun Yi fully mobilized the enthusiasm of Daoist Jia and fooled him, which was as great a feat as Cangjie's character creation. Jia Daoshi's face was flushed with excitement, and under the guidance of Sun Yi's systematic knowledge of Chinese pinyin and international phonetic alphabet, Jia Daoshi confidently launched the "Wolf Mountain Pinyin" 1.0 version.

During the break, Sun Yi and Daoist Jia introduced Wolf Mountain Pinyin to everyone.

Everyone became interested all of a sudden, after all, they could only spell Mongolian in Mongolian, and they couldn't even spell their own Chinese names.

This gave Sun Yi the opportunity to test the pinyin of Wolf Mountain. He immediately discovered that the amount of work to perfect pinyin was not a star. There are a great deal of phenomena in spoken dialects that he would not have thought of.

For example, a large number of Shaanxi dialects start with a later nasal sound. The "quilt" of the sleeping cover in Shaanxi dialect is pronounced similar to the English "bill", and it actually ends with L.

Shanxi dialect often adds a "brother" sound in front of a single word, such as "place" is said to be "圪瘩", squatting down is said to be "圪蹴", although it can be written as two words, the feeling in the actual spoken language is actually one word. What's even more outrageous is that Shanxi dialect actually has an inhaling sound.

Sun Yi was defeated.

He asked Jia Daoshi and Qi Qige to form a group with some good Mongolian communication soldiers to destroy the people, and this group decided on the pinyin of the special pronunciation.

The members of the group were foolishly ambitious by Sun Yi, and asked Li Del Ye to immediately set down the code of the new pinyin.

It's not that hard. When Sun Yi formulated the communication system, he adopted a hierarchical design. Sun Yi prescribed the newly expanded consonant letters as numbers, which were dispersed into three groups: 70, 80, and 90; It is also stipulated that the last number 69 of the vowel group starting with 60 represents Pingxuan, and when a vowel appears after a 69, it means that the sound is a voice.

The communication soldiers were already familiar with the way the flag was expressed from 1 to 9, and they immediately began to try to read various Chinese pronunciations in the flag language.

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References (not related to the plot, skip for uninterested readers)

Ming and Qing official dialects

Mandarin is "Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation", how did Beijing dialect come about? Did the Ming and Qing emperors speak Beijing dialect when they went to court?

In fact, the history of real Beijing dialect is not long, and the history of Mandarin is even shorter.

China has a vast territory, there are dialects in various places, for the needs of communication, administration, management, etc., four thousand years ago the Xia Dynasty produced "Yayan", the "Yayan" of different eras are different, especially in the Jin Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, the two clothes of the south, there are many changes, but in principle, they are all based on the dialect of the Yiluo region of the Central Plains as the standard, such as the Beijing people of the Jin Dynasty, the Luoyang reading sound is the positive sound.

Beijing became the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, but the accent of the Central Plains was still used in official occasions, but it was combined with the local dialect to form the Dadu dialect. After Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed the Yuan Dynasty, a large number of immigrants from all over the country entered Beijing, and most of the dialects gradually declined, due to the large number of people who moved into Hebei, so the folk dialect of Beijing was dominated by Hebei accent, and the official used "Yayan", that is, Henan official dialect. When Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing, Jianghuai official dialect had a certain influence on the Beijing dialect.

Matteo Ricci, a missionary of the Ming Dynasty, described in a letter to his European colleagues: "The fifteen provinces of China all use the same script, but the language is not understood in each province. There is also a common language, which we can call the language of the court and the court, because it is common to the provincial courts and officialdom. ”

He also said in his memoirs: "The dialects of the provinces are not spoken in high society. I learned the official language, which can be used in all provinces, and even women and children can understand it."

After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the early and middle dynasties used Manchurian dialect, Hanchen had to learn Manchu, but the folk appeared its own dialect, local dialect, official dialect three mixed trend, Beijing dialect is the product of the combination of the three, Beijing dialect pitch, that is, influenced by the Northeast dialect, in addition to many dialects from the Northeast dialect.

In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court changed to Beijing dialect. In 1728, Yongzheng set up the "Zhengyin Library" to promote the Beijing dialect throughout the country, stipulating that scholars who could not understand the Beijing dialect could not participate in the imperial examination, and even children were not allowed to take the Xiucai examination. Although the promotion efforts were very large, there was perfunctory prevarication in various places, and by the time of Jiaqing, the "Zhengyin Bookstore" was closed one after another.

After the disappearance of the Beijing dialect, the four modern tones were introduced, which caused confusion and seriously affected the understanding of classical literary works. It would be very difficult for a native Beijing speaker to write traditional poetry. So a pattern has been formed: Beijing Oral Pronunciation and Beijing Reading Pronunciation.

Until the early years of the Republic of China, the old Beijing readers did not use the Beijing accent on the market to read, but used the Beijing reading pronunciation. Its characteristic is that all the phonetic characters are read as short voice-outs, and the finals also imitate the official dialect of the Southern Branch.

Modern Beijing dialect still retains some traces of reading sounds. Some of the polyphonic characters in Beijing dialect, such as "peeling" - "peeling", "choosing" vegetables - choosing "choosing", and home "finch" - peacock "finch", the latter pronunciation is derived from literary reading.

Only being able to speak Beijing can not be recognized by readers. The famous scholar Fu Sinian learned a bite of Beijing film in Beijing, but was accused by his family of saying "the words of an old mother". Originally from Changzhou, Zhao Yuanren, who was born in the north, spoke Beijing dialect at home when he was a child, but he was required to use Changzhou dialect when he was a child. Once, Mr. Beibei, whom the Zhao family invited, taught him to pronounce the sound word "Yu" as a voice, and Zhao's father was shocked and immediately dismissed.

The old Guoyin established at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China is a modified version based on the Beijing Reading Sound.

During the Republic of China, the education circles proposed to use Beijing Yin as the standard pronunciation of the Chinese language, but it was not approved. In the end, the representatives of the provinces voted to determine the "Vocabulary of Common Words of Guoyin", which became Chinese.

After the liberation, the 1955 National Conference on Character Reform determined that "Mandarin with Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation" was determined.