Mo Rigen and several people kept talking loudly about the same customs of the Ming Jin Kingdom and the Ming Dynasty, and they couldn't stop for a while. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ。

Sun began to ponder: If there is a way, my race will have a different heart, what is a race?

The first concept that came to Sun Yi's mind was blood.

The smallest clan is a family, which is made up of direct blood relatives.

Secondly, there is the clan, which is maintained by the blood relationship of the distant branches.

Further up are the tribes.

The nomadic nobles of the tribes are all the golden families of Genghis Khan, and the common people at the bottom come from a variety of sources.

Nomads don't even have the concept of clans, tribes are expanded families, so they will naturally call the Ordos tribe the Ordos family, the Chahar tribe the Chahar family, and the Horqin tribe the Horqin family.

They loot each other in "home" units. In the Great Mongol Empire in the vast desert, as soon as Genghis Khan died, the sons who divided the "family" immediately split, and began to fight each other after a few generations. After counting the golden family, I can't find an example of the second generation living in harmony after my father's death!

If there is a group of people on Earth who are most enthusiastic about infighting, it is the Golden Family.

In order to deal with the enemies of infighting, they did not hesitate to use the strength of the enemy. For example, the Chahar family destroyed the Guanmanshen family five years ago, and the Guanmanshen family was desperate to seek revenge and take refuge in the real alien love Xinjin Kingdom.

Further up the tribe are the nation.

What is Ethnicity? What is the basis for the division of nationalities? Pedigree? regime? Geography? Culture? Religious?

Later molecular anthropological DNA studies have shown that no people's lineage is pure.

In front of the Altajin Kingdom, the descendants of the Great Khan and the Taijidu Golden Family, the ordinary people are captives captured through wars and exiles gathered together naturally, including 100,000 people from the Ming Dynasty, who have multiplied in the past hundred years, and these people have long been you and me, and I have you.

Obviously, there is no overlap between the nation, the political power, and the region.

The relationship between ethnicity, culture, and religion is a mess.

There are different peoples who are enemies of each other under the same religion.

The same people can also practice different religions.

There are different peoples under the same culture.

The same people can share different cultures.

The same culture can contain different religions.

The same religion can also cover different cultures.

Ethnicity, culture and religion are intertwined, and no one can figure it out.

What exactly is a nation? Sun Yi turned to the phone's database.

The wiki information on the mobile phone shows that a nation is a community that a group of people make up in their minds.

Fictive?

Is the nation a fictitious community in mind?

In other words, if a person identifies with which nation he belongs, then he belongs to that ethnicity; If a person thinks that he does not belong to any nation, then he does not belong to that nation.

In the steppe of the fifth year of Chongzhen, ordinary nomads were the private property of the Great Khan and Taiji like cattle and sheep, living in pursuit of water and grass, without the concept of territory. The nomadic tribes plundered each other, and the nomads obviously did not have a large community called "nation" in their minds.

In the Ming Dynasty, where Chongzhen was within the border wall for five years, the people's minds did not have a clear concept of the "nation" as a big community.

The people of the Ming Dynasty identified more with the small community of "clan", the same clan worshiped the ancestors of the same ancestral hall, personal struggle was to glorify the ancestors, and clan arms fighting was to safeguard the interests of the same clan.

The emperor of the Ming Dynasty is no exception, and the ancestral hall of the old Zhu family is called Taimiao. The old Zhu clan demanded that other clans be loyal to him, and if they did not pledge their loyalty, they would be physically wiped out. The other clans made a show to him, and when it was really time to fight with the Nurhachi family for the sake of the old Zhu family, the other clans turned around and ran.

Within the border walls, the concept of a "national" community was truly formed, and I am afraid that it would not begin until the Ming Dynasty was destroyed by the Manchus, but it was too late for anything at that time.

Beyond the border walls, the people of Altanik are an exception, and their rich and stable life makes them think that they are different from other nomads, who have invented the primitive concept of "nation", that is, the Tumut, and they have developed the original concept of "state", which is the Altamin state.

Sun Yi asked directly: "Uncle Mo Rigen, do you think that you are more like the Ming Dynasty, or are you more like other nomads?" ”

Mo Rigen replied without thinking about it: "This should be said at two ends." ”

"The people of the Ming and Jin countries both graze and farm, and the grain they have laid is enough for them to eat, and they have never bought grain in trade with the Ming Kingdom. Other nomads traded with the Ming Dynasty, mainly exchanging horses for grain. ”

"The people of the Ming Jin Kingdom are resident herdsmen, and the people have a fixed home, and the grazing places are not far from home. Other nomads are down-to-earth nomads who do not have a fixed place to live. ”

"Thirty percent of the people of the Ming Kingdom came from the Ming Kingdom, and the four generations of Jin Khan were sealed by the Emperor of the Ming Kingdom, and the two countries have not seen the harmonious exchanges of swords and soldiers for decades, and the people of the Jin Kingdom are naturally more like the people of the Ming Kingdom."

The old man paused, and then said,

"The Great Khan and Taiji of the Jin Kingdom are naturally more nomadic chieftains than other families."

"The leaders are all religious, they have received honorific titles, and they are all reincarnations of Buddhas and saints. They lived in Tianzhu for the first ten lifetimes, and the middle generations were born in Tibet, and now they have been reincarnated in the grassland. ”

Sun nodded a little.

He didn't know about the Yellow Sect before, but now that he knows the ins and outs of the Yellow Sect, he feels that it is not strange for the grassland nobles to have such a sense of belonging.

The so-called "non-our race will have different hearts", from "Zuo Chuan: Four Years of Chenggong":

"Shi Yizhi's "Chronicles" said: 'If it is not my race, its heart will be different.' Although Chu is big, it is not our ethnic group, and I care about its Ken words? ”

Chu, isn't it my race?

Daming Jinguo, isn't it my race?

Sun Yi never spoke again.

More can only be experienced by everyone, otherwise it will be gelding.

This chapter is a supplement to the previous one and can only be written in bits and pieces.

F!

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Important references, extremely relevant to the plot!!

The Integration of Mongolia, Tibet and India and "The Origin of Mongolia"

The 17th century was a special period in the history of Mongolia and the development of Mongolian historiography. The Mongol political situation, which had been revived by the rise of Dayan Khan, fell into decline again, and by the thirties of the 17th century, the tribes of the Great Khan and the Mongol tribes of Southern Mo fell under the rule of the Qing Dynasty. The Khan's rule was severed, and the Trans-Khalkha and Oirat tribes were also in danger of being annexed.

Since the beginning of the 17th century, the history books created by the Mongols themselves, such as the Biography of Altan Khan, the Outline of the Golden History, the Golden History of Lobsang Danzin, the Yellow History, the Yuanliu and the History of the Asa Thorn Heiqi, have been published one after another, forming the second peak in the history of Mongolian historiography since the Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty was written in the 17th century.

These Mongolian history books appeared in the 17th century, and most of them were produced in the economically and culturally developed Ordos and Tumut regions at that time. A large number of records about Mongolia in the Ming Dynasty are important historical materials for the study of Mongolian history in the Ming Dynasty. The records of the ancestral origin of the Mongol Khan line and the history of Mongolia during the Mongol and Yuan dynasties reflect the historical outlook of the Ordos and Tumut Mongols in the 17th century.

Beginning in the 16th century, Tibetan Buddhism rapidly spread to the Mongolian right-wing tribes, and further to the upper echelons of other Mongolian tribes. A new type of cultural people -- people who are armed with Buddhist thoughts, who are both Mongolian and Tibetan, and who have a certain amount of knowledge of their own national history and culture will be produced.

In the thirties of the 17th century, when the former Great Mongolian State disappeared with a bang, these cultural people wrote down the history of their own people out of a sense of mission, and at the same time, the changes in their thinking brought about a reinterpretation of historical phenomena.

Most of the historical books such as "Yuanliu" were completed in accordance with a new creative mode -- the narrative mode of the unification of India, Tibet, and Mongolia, and the main characteristics were to propagate the idea of the unification of India, Tibet, and Mongolia, and to combine the history of Buddhism in the three places with the history of the kings in the three places, reflecting the enlightenment and influence of Tibetan Buddhist culture.

"Yuanliu" is based on "Lama Buddhism as the key and the lineage of each Khan as the weft", and is divided into three parts: the preface, the main compilation, and the afterword. The title of the Mongolian version of "Yuanliu" is "The Book of the White History of the Khans of India, Tibet, and Mongolia".

In the 31st year of Qianlong (1766), the Mongolian Khalkha Department presented the manuscript of "Yuanliu" to Qianlong, and Qianlong issued a decree to translate it into Manchu, and later translated it into Chinese, which was included in the "Siku Quanshu" as the King James version.

The title of the Manchu translation is "The Book of the Origins of the Khans of India, Tibet, and Mongolia"), and the Chinese translation is "The Origins of the Annatkok, Tubert, and Mongolian Khans", referred to as "The Origins of Mongolia" or "The Origins".

There were many errors in the Manchu translation, which led to many errors in the Chinese translation of the Qing Dynasty.