As one of the great Confucians in the history of the Three Kingdoms, Kong Rong was dedicated to the country, so he was extremely incompatible with the authoritarian Cao Cao, and was finally killed by Cao Cao.

【Senate and Politics】

Before, Taifu Ma Riyan was ordered to send an envoy to Shandong, and when he arrived in Huainan, he repeatedly asked Yuan Shu, and Yuan Shu despised and insulted him, took away his charms, and forbade him to leave, and forced him to serve as a military advisor. Ma Riyan was so angry with himself that he vomited blood and died.

When Ma Riyan's body was sent back to Beijing, and the court wanted to bury it, Kong Rong said alone: "Ma Riyan relied on the noble status of the prince, held the fashionable festival of the Son of Heaven, and was ordered to deal with local affairs. Attached to subordinates, deceived the court, and treacherous to the king. In the past, the country supported the enemy Jin army, and he was not impressed by it, and his face did not change in front of the white sword. Can the ministers of the court be threatened as an excuse? Moreover, Yuan Shu overstepped the level and rebelled, it was not an overnight thing, and he followed the sun and went around for years. The Han Law stipulates that if you have interacted with a sinner for more than three days, you should know about his condition. "Spring and Autumn" said: Uncle Lu and Sun Dechen died, in order not to publicize Xiangzhong's crimes, he did not write about the days. Zheng crusaded against Yougong and cut down the coffin of Bozi's family because he killed the king. His Majesty took pity on the old minister, and could not bear to pursue the conviction, which was already very lenient and should not be given any more courtesy. The court took his advice.

Later, the imperial court discussed the matter of corporal punishment many times, Zhong Miao and others supported the resumption of corporal punishment, while Kong Rong resolutely opposed it, and the discussion of corporal punishment was finally settled.

At that time, the relationship between Jingzhou Mu Liu Biao and Cao Cao deteriorated, and he began not to pay tribute to the imperial court, did a lot of things that exceeded the law and disturbed his duties, and also worshiped heaven and earth, and the etiquette was intended to refer to the monarch. The imperial court issued an edict to declare his behavior to the world, and Kong Rong Shangshu thought that the suburban worship should be concealed to maintain the face of the imperial court.

In the fifth year of Jian'an (200 years), Liu Feng, the king of Nanyang, and Liu Yi, the king of the East China Sea, passed away one after another, and the emperor mourned their early death, and wanted to stipulate four o'clock sacrifices for them, so he first asked Kong Rong's opinion. Kong Rong replied: "Your Majesty is benevolent, and he sighs about the change and increases his thoughts, and the souls of the two kings mourn and issue an edict of mercy, examine and examine the previous rules and regulations, and revise the etiquette system. The ministers saw that the previous generations of King Liang Huai, King Linjiang, King Qi Ai, and King Linhuai Huai all died without descendants, and the brothers were Emperor Jing, Emperor Wu, Emperor Zhao, and Emperor Ming, and they did not hear that the previous dynasty repaired sacrifices for them. If it is temporary, do not include it in the biography. The ministers are not sensible, and think that they all died at a young age, and your majesty mourns, and gives them a name for the rite of passage, which should be done according to your wishes, and when the sacrifice is over, do not do it again. As for the annual sacrifice, it is not in line with etiquette and violates the established legal system of the first emperor, which is inappropriate. ”

【Death of Kong Rong】

Kong Rong, as a die-hard member of the Han Dynasty, looked down on Cao Cao, who coerced the Son of Heaven and ordered the princes, and his contradictions continued to deteriorate, and he was finally killed by him.

In the early days, Kong Rong had a very good relationship with Youheng, and even recommended him to Cao Cao, but Youheng thought he was talented, looked down on Cao Cao, and also humiliated him, Cao Cao finally exiled him to Jingzhou, and Youheng was finally killed by Huang Zu.

During the Battle of Guandu, Kong Rong and others believed that Cao Cao was defeated by Yuan Shao and was refuted by Xun Yu.

Later, Cao Cao attacked Yecheng and slaughtered the residents of Yecheng, and most of the women and women of Yuan Shao's family were taken captive. Cao Cao's son Cao Pi also inherited the tradition of the Cao family's wife control and privately married Yuan Xi's wife Zhen. When Kong Rong found out, he wrote to Cao Cao, saying, "King Wu has cut down and rewarded Daji to the Duke of Zhou. Cao Cao didn't understand, and later asked Kong Rong what scriptures and classics this came from. Kong Rong replied: "According to the current situation, it's just a matter of course." ”

In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), Cao Cao went north to fight against Wuhuan, Kong Rong ridiculed him and said: "The general (Cao Cao) went on an expedition, depressed overseas, and was cautious not to pay tribute to Mu Kuya, and Ding Ling stole Su Wu's cattle and sheep, which can be fought together!" At that time, when the famine and war were raging, Cao Cao asked for a ban on alcohol, and Kong Rong wrote to Cao Cao many times, thinking that he should not ban alcohol, and his words were mostly arrogant and rude.

At that time, Kong Rong had already seen Cao Cao's treachery and treachery, which had gradually been revealed, and he became more and more unbearable, so he spoke radically and often offended Cao Cao. He once thought that the system of the ancient Jingshi should be followed, and feudal princes should not be allowed within a thousand miles. Cao Cao suspected that he was talking more and more widely and feared him even more. However, because Kong Rong is famous all over the world, he pretends to be tolerant on the surface, but secretly he is jealous of his correct discussion, for fear of hindering his great cause. The people of Shanyang pondered Cao Cao's thoughts, and dismissed Kong Rong on the grounds of contempt for national law. Cao Cao wrote another letter to deliberately provoke the two, and Kong Rong also replied.

Cao Cao was full of suspicion and jealousy, coupled with Xi Wei's false accusations, Cao Cao instructed the prime minister's army to plot to sacrifice wine in vain: "Shaofu Kong Rong, once upon a time in Beihai, saw that the royal family was unrestful, recruited disciples, plotted against him, and said: 'After my great sage, I was destroyed by the Song Dynasty. If there is a world, why must it be a golden knife. Later, he spoke to Sun Quan's envoy and slandered the imperial court. Kong Rong is located in Jiuqing, does not abide by the etiquette of the imperial court, does not wear a curtain, and is in the palace. And you Heng, who had not yet been a scholar, said nonsense without any measure: 'What is the relationship between the father and the son?' On its original meaning, it is really ****. What about sons and mothers? For example, in the tile, it comes out and is separated.' Soon, he flaunted with You Heng, who said that Kong Rong was 'Zhong Ni is immortal'. Kong Rong replied, 'Yan Hui regenerates. 'Great rebellion should be punished severely. The imperial court then executed Kong Rong on August 29, the thirteenth year of Jian'an, and connected the whole family, Kong Rong was fifty-six years old at the time.

According to the "Shishuo Xinyu", when Kong Rong was arrested, there was great horror inside and outside the court. At that time, Kong Rong's son was nine years old and the youngest was eight years old. The two sons are still playing the nail game, and they don't look scared at all. Kong Rong said to the messenger: "I hope that the guilt is limited to myself, and the two sons can save their lives?" His son calmly said, "Has my father ever seen an unbroken egg under an overturned nest?" In a few moments, the officer who arrested them arrived.

In the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, it is recorded that Kong Rong was a son and a daughter, the son was nine years old and the daughter was seven years old, and his daughter said to her brother before she died: "If the deceased knows and can see his parents, isn't it our greatest wish!" So he was punished by the neck, and the color remained the same, and there was no one who did not grieve for it.

Before, Jingzhao was accustomed to being good with Kong Rong, and had admonished Kong Rong for being too upright. When Kong Rong was killed, no one in Xuchang dared to collect the body for him, and Fat Xi went to the corpse and said: "Wenju left me dead, and I will no longer live." Cao Cao was furious when he heard this, and he was ready to arrest and kill Fat Xi, but he was later released after pardon.

【Literary Achievements】

Kong Rong was a famous Confucian in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, succeeding Cai Yong as the master of articles, and was also good at poetry. Emperor Wen of Wei, Cao Pi, admired Kong Rong's writings very much, and after his death, he offered a reward for his articles, comparing Kong Rong with six literary scholars, Wang Cang, Chen Lin, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Ying Ling, and Liu Zhen, and listed them as the "Seven Sons of Jian'an". said, "Kong Rong's body is wonderful, and he is outstanding; However, it cannot be argued, and it is not reasonable to say, as for the mixed ridicule. and what it is good at, Yang (Yangxiong), Ban (Bangu) and also. ”

According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, Kong Rong has a total of 25 poems, odes, inscriptions, discussions, six words, essays, tables, edicts, decrees, and secretaries. However, the limited number of posthumous texts has been scattered in later generations, and most of them are only fragments, of which only eight poems survive.

"Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi" contains 9 volumes of "Kong Rong Collection", which has been dispersed. Today's collections are all Ming and Qing Dynasty compilations, and the popular version has 1 volume of Zhang Pu's "Han and Wei Six Dynasties One Hundred and Three Collections, Kong Shaofu Collection". According to Yan Kejun's "The Three Dynasties of the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Three Kingdoms and the Six Dynasties of the Whole Later Han Dynasty", volume 83, Kong Rong has five volumes of "Spring and Autumn Miscellaneous Discussions", a collection of ten volumes, and its text and music. See also Ding Fubao's "Poems of the Three Kingdoms of the Han Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Poems of the Whole Han Dynasty" and Lu Qinli's "Poems of the Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Han Poems".

"Ancient Wenyuan" contains 2 poems of Kong Rong's "Miscellaneous Poems", but Li Shan's notes in "Anthology" repeatedly quote Li Ling's poems, and the authenticity is uncertain. And his poems are also close to the category of anonymous ancient poems, and Lu Qinli's "Poems of the Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" is included in the "Li Linglu Farewell Poems".

【Seeking Benevolence and Obtaining Benevolence】

Needless to say, Kong Rong's own achievements in literature and politics are not bad, but Kong Rong is indeed not a master, let alone an ambitious prince, but an obvious Han official, an obvious scholar, and his military ability can be said to be relatively bad.

And Kong Rong's death is the result of seeking benevolence, and Kong Rong himself is also a typical defender, the most obvious example of the old school. There are many records in later generations about Kong Rong and Cao Cao's disagreement, and people also know most of this aspect, but in fact, Kong Rong opposed not only Cao Cao, but all the great forces of the late Han Dynasty, Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shao and Cao Cao (before Kong Rong's death, Sun Liu had not yet risen, so these forces were the strongest forces in the late Han Dynasty).

Kong Rong is against those big careerists, is the moth and destroyer of those big Hans, throughout Kong Rong's life, he has never compromised with these "evil forces", has been guarding the morality of the Han Dynasty, he fought against the eunuchs when the eunuchs troubled the government, when Dong Zhuo abolished the king, he and Dong Zhuo went against him, when Yuan Shao became big, he refused to attach to the ambitious Yuan Shao, and finally it was Cao ****'s turn, Kong Rong still never changed, he did his best for the court and actively participated in the court politics, but Cao Cao, the actual controller of the court, often found trouble.

Kong Rong's reason for doing this is actually very simple, he understands very well that Cao Cao is already too big to fall, and the country will not be a country if he goes on like this, but he has no effective way to restrict Cao Cao, so he can only make some small moves, Kong Rong may not know the ending of going against Cao Cao, but at that time, there was really no one to fight against Cao ****, so he could only stand up by himself.

For this reason, he offended those strong people very badly, the eunuchs didn't like him, Dong Zhuo hated him, and Cao Cao wanted to kill him, but he never changed. Kong Rong has indeed slowly become a hidden danger within Cao Wei, and Cao Cao can't talk about any mistakes in getting rid of him, but Kong Rong's sincerity and persistence are very admirable.

But the era of the Great Han had passed, so Kong Rong eventually died and became a martyr of that dynasty.

ps: Thank you for the reward of the vegetables in the vegetable garden