vs 274 The influence of the Liturgy
The third chapter is "The Ceremony of Meeting Scholars", which records the etiquette of the first interaction between the nobles and the nobles, and the etiquette of bringing gifts to the door to ask for a meeting and worship each other.
The fourth article is "Township Drinking Ceremony", China has been re-emphasizing the career since ancient times, and in ancient times, there were sages who recommended and promoted, and it was necessary to set up a banquet for the township doctor as the host to see it off. Later, it evolved into a banquet held by the local officials to entertain the scholars who should be raised, and such a banquet was called village drinking.
The fifth article is "Township Archery Ceremony", which records the specific rituals of archery competitions held regularly by grassroots administrative organizations in ancient times.
The sixth chapter, "Yan Li", records the details of the reception held by the princes and their ministers, which was played and sung by court artists.
The seventh chapter is the "Great Archery Ceremony", which records the specific ceremonies of the archery competition held under the auspices of the monarch, and the participants of the competition are all nobles of all ranks.
The eighth chapter, "The Dowry," records the details of courtesy visits by the monarch to other countries.
The ninth chapter is the "Rites of the Doctor", which records the etiquette of the monarch holding a banquet to entertain foreign ministers.
The 10th chapter is "Hajj", which records the etiquette of the princes to meet the Son of Heaven.
The eleventh chapter is "Mourning Clothes", which describes the system in which people differ in mourning clothes and service periods according to the distance between relatives and relatives of the deceased.
The twelfth is the "Funeral Rites of the Scholars" and the thirteenth is the "Evening Rites", which record a series of detailed rituals of ordinary nobles from death to burial.
The 14th chapter is the "Shiyu Ceremony", which records the requiem ceremony held by an ordinary nobleman after burying his parents.
The 15th chapter is "The Rite of Feeding Special Animals", which records the ritual of ordinary nobles regularly worshipping their ancestors in the family temple. Zu You is an ancient title for the deceased father who has been placed in the memorial tablet in the temple.
The 16th article is "The Feeding Ceremony of the Young Prison" and the 17th article is "Yousi", which record the ritual of sacrificing the ancestors of the nobles at the level of doctors in the family temple.
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The book "Etiquette" records the etiquette system of the pre-Qin period, and as an ancient classic, it has high academic value. The material of this book is very ancient, the content is relatively reliable, and it covers a wide range of materials, from crown weddings and banquets to court appointments and funerals, everything is prepared, just like a long scroll of ancient social life, and it is an important historical material for the study of ancient social life. The ancient palaces, flags, clothing, food, and funeral systems, as well as the shapes, structures, and combinations of various ceremonial instruments recorded in the book are very detailed, and archaeologists must always refer to the "Rites" when studying ancient ruins and unearthed artifacts.
"Rites" is almost indispensable for the study of ancient history, ancient China was a patriarchal society, from the political system to the small family, all infiltrated by it. The exposition of the patriarchal system in the "Rites" is the theoretical form of the feudal patriarchal system, and if we want to profoundly grasp the characteristics of ancient China, we must learn from it. In addition, the various rituals recorded in the "Rites" have irreplaceable value for the study of the ethical thoughts, lifestyles, and social customs of the ancients. In the etiquette system of the royal family in feudal society, the crown ceremony, wedding, funeral, sacrifice ceremony, as well as dowry and pilgrimage of the main members of the royal family are all based on the "Rites" and are made up of profits and losses.
Many of the rituals in the "Rites" are the result of meticulous Confucian research, and many of the ideas have not become obsolete to this day. We should maintain due respect for this precious historical and cultural heritage and summarize it in a scientific manner. In fact, there is also an ancient meaning in our etiquette today; In the same way, ancient rites can also be applied to today's society.
The ritual system recorded in the "Rites" has a very far-reaching impact on later generations, and the various rituals of crown weddings and funerals are generally inherited by later generations, but the details are slightly increased or decreased, and the township drinking ceremony was not abolished until the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty due to financial problems. It is particularly worth mentioning the "Mourning Clothes" chapter in the "Rites", from the Wei and Jin dynasties to the end of the Qing Dynasty, the ritual system intervened in the legal system, and the legal codes of various dynasties were based on Confucianism as the guiding ideology and etiquette. One of the most important points is that according to the "five-service system" in the "mourning clothes" chapter, the principle of "quasi-five-service to punish crimes" has been implemented.
"Five suits" refers to the five kinds of mourning service system, "quasi-five services to punish crimes", that is, according to the distance and respect of the kinship expressed in the five suits, as the basis for conviction and sentencing, the essence is to maintain the family hierarchy. It not only embodies the characteristics of "attaching equal importance to etiquette and law", but also the concentrated embodiment of Confucianism in the feudal legal system, thus establishing the legal family hierarchy system in later generations. It can be seen that the "Mourning Clothes" chapter is simply unparalleled in terms of directness, profundity, extensiveness, and persistence in intervening in life.
Some modern scholars have proposed that there is a sentence that can summarize the whole book of "Rites", and this sentence comes from the "Book of Rites": The names of kings and ministers, upper and lower, masters, and brothers cannot be determined without etiquette. For this reason, the "Book of Rites" has made a detailed explanation: learning the skills of being an official and learning the six arts, if the disciple is rude to serve the teacher, the teacher and the student will not be close; The position of hundreds of officials in the court, the management of the army by the generals, and the performance of the duties of the officials cannot be reflected without courtesy; Prayers for blessings, shrines of thanksgiving, and regular sacrifices, if they are not done according to the number of rituals, will appear insincere in heart and not dignified in appearance; Therefore, as a gentleman, you must show courtesy with the spirit of respect, restraint, and concession.