The concept of upper and lower is summarized in the whole book of "Etiquette", because the upper and lower levels are related to the respective positions and virtues of individuals, and are also the basis for the people to abide by their respective duties and cultivate virtues. It is through the principle of upper and lower that many individuals in society are at ease.

Sima Guang said in his explanation of "distinguishing between the upper and lower": the hexagram in "Zhou Yi" is used to explain the role of the upper and lower; The common people are born with **, always like to get benefits, if you don't use etiquette and moderation, it will lead to greed and extravagance; Therefore, the first king made a gift to better govern the people, so that the people had a sense of respect and inferiority, and the concept of the elder and younger, and then kept their duties up and down, without the heart of illegal intentions, which was the way for the first king to govern state affairs and resist vulgarity.

"Hexagram Performance" is the 10th article of "Zhou Yi", Zhou Yi has a total of 64 articles, and the hexagram is the 10th hexagram in 64 hexagrams. The first four words in the "Hexagram" are called "dry on and down", hanging on for dry, dry for the sky, down for the hexagram, for Ze, on the heavens and the earth, respect and humility to show goodbye, this is the meaning of the hexagram, the gentleman looks at this hexagram, so as to distinguish between the upper and lower levels, so that the people follow the rules and keep themselves. Therefore, "Hexagram" can distinguish between the upper and lower levels and the people's aspirations. (The Book of Changes is too difficult to understand, in fact, I don't understand it very much, I will try to write it here first, and everyone will try to understand it simply.) ）

If the symbolic words of the hexagram expound the principle of distinguishing between the upper and lower levels, then the Yi Chuan and the Preface Hexagram expound the practical principle of the hexagram performance. "Preface Hexagram Biography" says: Material wealth has been accumulated, and then you know how to improve one step and seek to develop etiquette and righteousness; "Hexagram" is a courtesy. This clearly corresponds to the fulfillment and the courtesy. "Xunzi" said: Etiquette is the basic principle that people must follow in doing things. This also underscores the practical principles of etiquette. (Yi Chuan, also known as Ten Wings, is a work that explains Zhou Yi.) ）

The catalogue of "Rites" is: Shiguan Ceremony No. 1, Shidusk Ceremony No. 2, Shixiang Ceremony No. 3, Township Drinking Ceremony No. 4, Township Shooting Ceremony No. 5, Yan Ceremony No. 6, Great Archery Ceremony No. 7, Dowry Ceremony No. 8, Public Food Doctor Ceremony No. 9, Hajj Ceremony No. 10, Mourning Dress Eleventh Ceremony, Scholar Funeral Ceremony No. 12, Jixi Ceremony Thirteenth, Shiyu Ceremony Fourteenth, Special Animal Feeding Ceremony Fifteenth, Shaojiao Feeding Ceremony No. 16, Yousi Seventeenth. Now, let's take a good look at the full text of "Etiquette"!

2. Appreciation of the full text of "Etiquette".

(1) Shiguan ceremony

The first is the "Rite of the Crown", in which the children of the ancient nobility reached the age of 20 and could be a full member of their clan, and a special coronation ceremony was held for this purpose, so that both the person and the clan clearly recognized that he had become an adult, and a new and important stage of his life began. This ritual is a detailed account of this ritual.

To perform the ceremony of crowning a scholar, it is first necessary to occupy the auspicious day of the crowning in front of the gate of the father's temple. The master wears a crown on his head, wears a court robe, a large black belt around his waist, and is decorated with white clothes that cover his thighs to his knees, and is in position on the east side of the temple gate, facing west. The master's subordinate officials were dressed in the same dress as the master's, and took their positions on the west side of the temple gate, facing east.

Taking the north as the more noble side, the yarrow, the pu mat and the divination tools used for the memorization and hexagram are all displayed in the hall on the west side of the gate outside the temple gate. About in the middle of the door, that is, outside the threshold, the short wooden door erected in the door is scattered to the west, and the seats are scattered to the west, and the seats are facing west.

Holding the yarrow in his hand, the man pulls open the lid of the yarrow containing the yarrow, holds the cover in one hand and the lower part of the yarrow in the other, and proceeds to accept the master's command. Zai is slightly behind the master's right and assists the master in issuing the order to occupy the basket. After answering, the man turned back to the table and sat down, facing west. The position of the diviner is on the left, and both the diviner and the diviner are diviners. After the completion of the divination, the Zheng people wrote the hexagram on the plate and showed it to the master.

After the master took it and read it, he still needed to return it to the Xiaoren. The man returned to the feast, facing east, and took the feast with his men. After the divination is over, the person will go forward to report to the master that he has received an auspicious hexagram. If the result of the divination is unlucky, the date after the divination is re-divided, and its ritual is the same as the previous one. After the occupation of the temple, the ceremony was removed, and the official in charge of the temple, Zongren, announced the end of the day.

After that, the host will go to the homes of many guests, tell them the date of the crown, and invite them to participate. The guest will thank you once and then make a promise. The host thanked the guests twice, and the guests would bow courtesically. When the host returns, the guest is required to see off the host.

Three days before the coronation, the ceremony of the guest of honor is held, which is the same as the ceremony of the date of the ceremony. Yushi, the host went to invite the guests again, and Zhan Zheng was the main guest. Dressed in the same dress as the host, the guest is greeted from the east outside the gate, facing the west to bow to the host, and the host faces the east to greet the guest. Then the host will give a speech to invite the guest, and the guest will make a promise. After the host bowed to the guest twice, the guest replied. After the master retreated, he was sending off. The host also needs to invite 1 person to praise the crown, and the envoy is the same as the guest invited. (The master is generally the father of the crowner, and the person who praises the crown is the master of ceremonies who sings for the crown ceremony.) ）

On the second day, the evening of the day before the coronation, a ceremony is held to set the time for the coronation, which is held outside the temple gate. The master stood on the east side of the door, and the relatives stood a little further south of the master, facing west, with the north side being the more senior side. The master of ceremonies during the coronation ceremony will ask the time of the coronation. Zai informed: It will be held tomorrow morning at dawn. The relays were relayed to relatives and many subordinate officials. The clan announces the end of the covenant ceremony. Then, the master of ceremonies went to the homes of many guests to announce the time of the coronation.