Confucius said: If a villain likes to play in water, he is easy to drown in water; If a gentleman likes to discuss, he is prone to trouble from his mouth; Those in power like to play with the people, and they are easy to be overthrown by the people. The reason for this is that it is all contemptuous of what is closest to the most. Water is so close to people, but people are often drowned by water, because the water seems soft and easy to approach, but in fact it is difficult to get close to, so it is easy to drown. It's easy to say beautiful things, but it's too late to regret it, so it's easy to invite harm to your mouth.

People do not understand reason, they have deceit, and they can be respectful and not neglected, otherwise they will easily invite ruin. Therefore, a gentleman must not be very careful. "Taijia" says: Don't make decrees upside down in order to bring about your own destruction, just like a hunter, pull the trigger, look carefully, and wait until the arrow, the tail of the arrow, and the target form a straight line, and then fire. "Redemption" says: The mouth is used to speak, and if it is inappropriate, it will bring humiliation; Armor is used for self-defense, and if it is not used properly, it can cause war; The dress that is placed in the box is to be worn when preparing for the salute, and it is not to be given away. Gange is used to crusade against bad guys, but before using it, you should reflect on yourself and don't harm the innocent.

"Taijia" says: The disasters that come down from heaven can still be avoided; There is no way to avoid the calamity of one's own making. Yi Yin admonished Taijia and said: My ancestor Yi Yin once saw the politics of Xiyi in the Xia Dynasty, Xia Yu received the mandate of heaven for his faithfulness in governing the people, and the people who assisted him also received the mandate of heaven because of this.

Confucius said: The people regard the monarch as the heart, and the monarch regards the people as the body. If the body and mind are broad, the body will be comfortable, and the body must be willing to adapt; If you are serious in your heart, you will tolerate respect. What the heart likes, what the monarch likes, if the body is safe, the heart will also be willing to get; If something goes wrong with the body, the heart will also be damaged. The monarch exists because of the support of the people, and the monarch also perishes because of the opposition of the people. The Book of Songs says: Once upon a time, we had a king, whose decrees were well-understood and well-organized, and the country relied on such a king to be peaceful, the capital relied on such a king to be built, and the people relied on such a king to live and work in peace and contentment. Who can deal with national affairs today without being self-righteous and doing some things that harass the people! "Junya" said: Summer is very hot and humid, and the common people only know how to complain about the sky; When the cold comes, the common people still only know how to complain about the sky.

Confucius said: If the servants serve the king, if they are not upright and do not speak honestly, then the king will not be loyal, and friends will not be believed.

Confucius said: There is a basis for speech, and there are rules for doing things. Therefore, no one can change his ambition while he is alive, and no one can deprive him of his good name after he dies. Therefore, a gentleman should be well-informed, and keep it in mind when he knows it; You should be knowledgeable, and you will never get tired of learning after you have figured it out; It should be profound in knowledge and should be practiced in general. "Jun Chen" says: When promulgating a decree and accepting suggestions, everyone should consider it so that everyone can have the same opinion. The Book of Songs says: A good man and a gentleman are always the same in words and deeds.

Confucius said: Only a gentleman can like those who are right to him, and villains hate those who are right to him. Therefore, there are certain friends of the gentleman, and there are certain people that the gentleman dislikes. Since the likes and dislikes of a gentleman are determined, people who have a lot of relationships with gentlemen will not have doubts, and people who have few relationships with gentlemen will not have doubts. The Book of Songs says: A gentleman must have good friends.

Confucius said: A person can easily break off friends with poor and lowly friends, but it is difficult to break off friends with rich friends, which shows that his will to be virtuous is not firm and his attitude of hating bad people is unclear. Even if someone says he's not doing it for personal gain, I won't believe it. The Book of Songs says: Friends urge and encourage each other, and urge and encourage each other to use etiquette and righteousness. Confucius said: If it is against morality for others to give gifts of small favors, in this case, a gentleman will not accept gifts. The Book of Songs says: He who truly loves me should show me the way of faithfulness.

Confucius said: If a person has a car, he must be able to see the crossbar in front of his carriage that is used as a handrail; If a person has clothes, he must be able to see his sleeves. If a person speaks, he will be able to hear his voice; If a person does something, he will be able to see the consequences. "Ge Tan" said: Do not get tired of making clothes and wearing.

Confucius said: After speaking, it is followed by action, so you can't just say empty words. After doing it, it will be followed by discussion, so you can't just go through the motions. Therefore, the gentleman pays attention to talking less and doing more in order to achieve his reputation, so that the people cannot casually exaggerate their advantages and minimize their shortcomings. The "Book of Songs" says: There are stains on the white jade, and it can still be pondered and removed. If something goes wrong with your mouth, you can't take it back. "Xiaoya" said: A faithful gentleman must achieve great success. "Jun 奭" (shì) says: Why did the Emperor of Heaven repeatedly exhort King Wen to pay attention to moral cultivation in the past, and put the people who govern the world on him?

Confucius said: There is a saying in the south, as a person, the hexagram is impermanent, so no matter how divination is made, the hexagram cannot show whether it is auspicious or evil. This is probably the words left by the ancients! The gods can't determine their good fortune and evil, let alone people? The Book of Songs says: My spirit turtle is disgusted and no longer tells me good fortune and evil. It is said in the "Redemption of Destiny" that titles cannot be given to those who are wicked, otherwise the people will set them up as role models, and they will frequently sacrifice to God, which is a great disrespect to God. Troubles will be chaotic in rituals, and it will be difficult to be blessed by serving ghosts and gods. The Book of Changes says: It is not to maintain his virtue for a long time, or to be disgraced. He also said, "Always keep the good character of obedience and obedience, and always stick to the right path; In this way, women can be auspicious, and men will be in danger.