Confucius said: The subordinates serve the monarch, not to obey the orders given by the monarch, but to focus on the actual actions of the monarch, and the ruler will do whatever the subordinates do. If the ruler likes something, his subordinates must surpass him. Therefore, what the monarch likes and dislikes, you must be extra cautious, because the subordinates take the monarch's behavior as an example. Confucius said: Yu is the emperor for three years, and the people have achieved something in benevolence. It's just that because Yu himself is benevolent, the people are affected by it.

The "Book of Songs" says: The famous Yin Taishi, the people are watching you. "Fu Xing" says: The Son of Heaven alone has virtue, and the people of the whole world will benefit. "Daya" said: The lord is trustworthy and prestigious, and he is a good example in the world. Confucius said: If the ruler is benevolent, then his subordinates will rush to be benevolent. Therefore, the ruler should show his good and benevolent aspirations, educate the people with righteousness, promote benevolence, and love the people with the attitude of caring for their children. will do their best to do benevolence, in order to cater to the king's love and benevolence. In the Book of Songs, it is said: The Son of Heaven has upright virtue, and all the princes of the Quartet will obey.

Confucius said: The words spoken by the king were originally only as thin as silk, but when they reached the ears of the people, they became as thick as belts; The words spoken by the monarch were originally as thin as a belt, but when they reached the ears of the people, they became as thick as a rope. Therefore, the ruler cannot speak flashy words. If you can say it, but you can't do it, the gentleman won't say it. If you can do it, but if you can't tell anyone, the gentleman won't do it. In this way, the common people will not disobey their words and deeds, and their deeds will not contradict their words. The Book of Songs says: Be cautious and decent, and do not exceed etiquette.

Confucius said: A gentleman guides people to do good with words and deeds, and prohibits people from doing evil with words and deeds, so we must consider its consequences when speaking, and we must examine what disadvantages it will bring when doing things, so that the common people will speak cautiously and carefully. The Book of Songs says: Be cautious when you speak and behave properly. "Daya" says: Dignified and respectful King Wen, Shengde is bright and cautious!

Confucius said: To be the ruler of the people, the clothes are fixed, and the behavior has certain rules, so as to set an example for the people, then the morality of the people will be the same. The "Book of Songs" says: The gentleman from the western capital of Hojing, the fox skin robe covered with a yellow shirt, his appearance does not change the convention, and his speech is full of chapters. He is about to return to the Western Capital, and he is deeply admired by all the people. Confucius said: The appearance of the ruler is the same as the heart, and the subordinates know his heart when they see his appearance; His subordinates served the monarch wholeheartedly, and his words and appearances could tell him that he was a person. In this way, the king will not suspect the minister, and the minister will not understand the king. "Yin Ji" says: Only Yi Yin and Tang have the virtue of pure one. The Book of Songs says: Good people and gentlemen, there will be no mistakes in their appearance.

Confucius said: As the king of a country, reward and reward the good, punish the bad, so that the people can clearly see what he encourages, so that the people will be wholeheartedly good. The "Book of Songs" says: Do your job respectfully, and those you like are upright people. Confucius said: If the king's likes and dislikes are unknown, the people will be confused and do not know what to do; If the subordinates have a ghost in their hearts, it will make the ruler extremely tired. Therefore, as the ruler of the people, he should commend the good so that the people may follow suit, and carefully punish the bad ones so that they will not be confused and do not know what to do.

As a subordinate, you must do what is in line with morality, do not invoke what the monarch cannot do and let the monarch do it, and do not talk about what the monarch does not know and let the monarch listen, so that the monarch will be relieved. The Book of Songs says: If the king is impermanent, the people will suffer. "Xiaoya" said: His subordinates are not loyal to his duties, which is the reason for the king's hard work.

Confucius said: The reason why the decree cannot be carried out and the reason why the education cannot succeed is that the issuance of the knight is improper, which is not enough to persuade people to do good, and because the punishment of punishment is good and promotes evil, it is not enough to make the bad people feel ashamed. Therefore the ruler must not use the punishment as he pleases, nor can he give knighthood at will. "Kang Hao" said: We must be cautious in using punishment. The "Fu Punishment" says: The punishment should be reasonable.

Confucius said: Ministers are detached from virtue and do not get close to the king; Politics and religion are harsh, and the people are not at peace. The reason for this is that the ministers are not loyal to the king, the king is not respectful to the ministers, and the wealth enjoyed by the ministers has exceeded the limit. If the minister refuses to do his best for the king, the ministers will collude with each other. Therefore, do not be disrespectful to the minister, for the minister is a model for the people; It is not permissible to choose the close ministers, because the close ministers are the guide of the people. What ought to be counseled with the ministers, should not be taken to the courtiers for counseling; What should be discussed with a close minister should not be taken to a distant minister; What should be done with the ministers should not be taken for counsel with the ministers.

If this is done, the minister will not be resentful, the close minister will not be jealous, and the distant minister will have an opinion that can be reflected. The will of the priest said: Don't use the ideas of the ministers to corrupt the actions of the ministers, don't dislike the solemn and courteous concubines because of the favored concubines, and don't dislike the dignified and courteous courtiers because of the favored courtiers. Confucius said: The ruler did not trust his virtuous people, but trusted the lowly villains, so the people followed him to the immoral, and the fatwa became troubled because of this.

The "Book of Songs" said: At the beginning, the court needed me, as if I was afraid that I would not be able to get it. Once you go and put it aside, don't let me pick the heavy responsibility. "Jun Chen" says: When people do not see the way of the saints, it seems that they cannot see it. When you see the way of the saint, you can't use the way of the saint.