Third, music without sound blends the hearts and minds; There is no formal etiquette, and the upper and lower are in harmony; Mourning without mourning clothes makes the people of all nations compete for filial piety. Fourth, music without sound is heard more and more in all directions; There is no form of etiquette, a day is better than a day, and a month is stronger than a month; Mourning without mourning clothes makes pure morality brighter and brighter. Fifth, music without sound makes the hearts of the response arise one after another; There is no form of etiquette, which is widespread all over the world; Mourning without mourning clothes will be passed on to future generations.

Zixia asked: The virtues of Xia Yu, Shang Tang, and King Wen are ranked third alongside heaven and earth. How can we be called third alongside heaven and earth? Confucius replied: We must follow the spirit of the three selflessness and use kindness to attract the people of the world. Zixia then asked: What are the three selflessness? Confucius replied: It is to cover all things selflessly like the sky, carry all things selflessly like the earth, and selflessly shine on all things like the sun and the moon. According to these three articles, to attract the people of the world, it is called the three selfless. This meaning is also reflected in the "Book of Songs": Obey the mandate of heaven and dare not disobey, as for Cheng Tang ascending the throne. Lowering politics and religion is not slow, and it is wise and prudent to say upward. Mingde has been shining on the people for a long time, respectfully serving God, and the emperor ordered Kyushu to follow the soup. This is the virtue of SenseTime.

There are four seasons in the sky, spring and summer, autumn harvest and winter storage, both wind and rain, and dew and frost. These are all teachings revealed by heaven, and the king should follow them as political religions. The earth carries the spirit of the gods, the wind and thunder are blowing, and all things sprout and grow. These are all the edifications shown by the earth, and the king should follow them as religion and politics. The saint's own virtues are extremely clear, and his spirit is as subtle as that of a god. When he was about to reign over the world, the gods had foreknowledge that they would give birth to a virtuous assistant for him. It's like rain falling from the sky, and it's like auspicious clouds floating out of the mountains and rivers.

There is the "Book of Songs" as evidence: the five mountains are in the middle of the penny mountain, towering into the sky. Zhongyue descended from the high mountains and gave birth to Fuhou and Shenbo. Only Marquis Fu and Shen Bo were the ministers of the Zhou Dynasty. The princes relied on him as a barrier and proclaimed virtue in all directions. This is the virtue of King Wen and King Wu. Xia, Shang, and Wednesday were kings, and they already had a good reputation before they became kings. The Book of Songs says: The diligent and tireless Son of Heaven has a good reputation through the ages. This is the virtue of the three generations of holy kings. The "Book of Songs" also says: The prince Shi Qiwende unites the four countries. This is the virtue of the king. When Zixia heard this, she jumped up, stood against the wall, and said, "Do you dare not accept the teacher's teachings!"

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(30) Fang Ji

Confucius said: The way of a gentleman to govern the people, for example, is like placing an embankment overflowing with river water! It is to prevent the people from making mistakes. Despite its careful fortification, there were still foul shooters among the populace. Therefore, the gentleman uses propriety to prevent moral transgressions, punishment to prevent evil deeds, and fatwa to prevent greedy **.

Confucius said: If the villain is poor, he will be poor, and if he is rich, he will be arrogant; If you are poor, you will steal, and if you are arrogant, you will go into chaos. The so-called etiquette is to set the standard of control according to the situation of people, and to act as a dike to prevent the people from deviating. Therefore, the sage set a set of standards for the rich and the poor, so that the rich people are not arrogant, the poor people will not be poor, and those who have achieved a certain social status will not be dissatisfied with their superiors, so that the number of troubles will be reduced day by day.

Confucius said: Poor but can be happy to know their fate, rich and can be polite, a family with many powerful people can keep their duties, the whole world can be said to be very few people can do it. The Book of Songs says: Some people are greedy and disorderly, and they are comfortable to harm others. Therefore, it was stipulated that the military chariots of the princes should not exceed 1,000 times, the city walls of the national capital should not exceed 100 pheasants, and the military chariots of the prince's house should not exceed the white vehicles. In this way, to guard against the people, the princes still have rebellions.

Confucius said: Etiquette is a thing used to remove doubts, distinguish subtleties, and prevent people from deviating. Therefore, there are grades of people, there are differences in the color and pattern of clothes, and there are fixed classes in the court, so that the common people know who should let whom.

Confucius said: There are no two suns in the sky, there are no two monarchs in a country, there are no two masters in a family, and there is only one supreme authority, which is to show the people that there is a difference between kings and ministers. The monarchs of Chu and Yue secretly called themselves kings, and when the monarchs died, the "Spring and Autumn Period" belittled them and did not write their funerals; According to the rules of etiquette, princes are not allowed to call heaven like the Son of Heaven, and doctors are not allowed to call kings like princes. This is the fear that the people will be confused about the relationship between superiors and subordinates. The Book of Songs says: Look at the chirping of the birds, people still hate it. How much more so to those who trespass!

Confucius said: The king does not share the same car with people with the same surname, and people with different surnames can share the same car, but they cannot wear the same clothes, which is to avoid suspicion among the subjects. In this way, there are also people who kill the monarch with the same surname among the subjects.

Confucius said: A cup of wine, a plate of meat, let it go, the gentleman accepts the bad portion, and in this way, there are still people who trespass the elders. On the feast, let go and let go, and the gentleman will sit at the bottom, and in this way, there will be people who encroach on the Venerable. The class position in the court, let it come and go, the gentleman is in a lowly position, and in this way, there are still people who encroach on the king. The "Book of Songs" says: Nowadays, people have bad hearts, and they only complain about each other when they encounter problems; Accepting the immodesty of the official is a matter of forgetting one's own reasoning.