Confucius said: A gentleman respects others and devalues himself, putting others before himself, so that a culture of humility will arise among the people. Therefore, the monarch who calls others is called the monarch, and the monarch who calls oneself is called the widow.

Confucius said: Etiquette and honor should be given first to the dead and then to the living, so that the people will not turn their backs on the dead; It is given first to those who are abroad for state affairs, and then to those who remain at home, so that the common people feel that the king can be trusted. The Book of Songs says: You should miss your dead ancestors and support me, the surviving one. In this way, the people are guarded against the people, and the people and the families of the deceased have no way to cry and cry out.

Confucius said: If the princes and doctors who have a country and a family attach importance to talents and do not hesitate to award rewards, the people will rise up an atmosphere of humility; If the skill is valued and the chariot and horse are not spared, the people will be willing to learn the skill. Therefore, the gentleman talks less and does more, while the villain is better at talking empty words and doing less practical things.

Confucius said: If the people in the higher positions can listen to the opinions of the people, then the people will regard the decrees of the higher authorities as a favor from heaven; If you fail to listen to one thing of the people, it will lead to the people sinning. If the people do not regard the decree from above as a favor from heaven, they will cause chaos. Therefore, if a gentleman treats the people with honesty and humility, the people will repay him with great courtesy. The "Book of Songs" said this: The predecessors had such a teaching, that is, to ask questions about those who collect firewood.

Confucius said: If you have achievements, you will attribute it to others, and if you have mistakes, you will blame yourself, so that the people will not fight for me. If there is an achievement, it will be attributed to others, and if there is a mistake, it will be blamed on oneself, and in this way, the resentment among the people will gradually disappear. The Book of Songs says: You have divined, you have counted hexagrams, and there is nothing bad in the hexagrams. Confucius said: If there is merit, it will be attributed to others, and if there is a mistake, it will be attributed to oneself, and the common people will push each other for their achievements. The "Book of Songs" says: Wang divination of the gods, can be built in Hojing. The turtle omen showed great luck, and the warrior king finally built it.

Confucius said: If there are achievements, the king should be credited, and if there are mistakes, he should blame himself, so that the people will rise up to be loyal to the king. "Shangshu" says: You have a good idea, a good way, go first to go to the king. And when you have received the permission, you go out and carry it out, and you declare, "This good idea, this good method, depends on the good leadership of the king." Alack! Only a good king can be so bright and great. Confucius said: If there are achievements, you will attribute them to your parents, and if you have mistakes, you will blame yourself, so that the people will rise up the trend of filial piety to their parents. "Shangshu" says: If I defeated Yin Xun, it was not because of my martial arts, but because my father was not wrong; If Yin Xun defeated me, it was not because my father was at fault, but because I had a bad character as a son.

Confucius said: A gentleman does not hold grudges against his parents' mistakes, but he must keep in mind the virtues of his parents. The "Analects" says: If you don't change your father's position during his lifetime for three years, it can be said that he is a filial son. "Shangshu" says: Gaozong mourned for three years and did not say a word; However, when the mourning period ended, as soon as he spoke, he was very popular. Confucius said: Obey the teachings of his parents without slackening, implicitly exhort his parents to be tireless, and worry about his parents without complaining, such a son can be called filial piety. The Book of Songs says: The filial piety of a filial son to his parents is endless.

Confucius said: Only when you can live in harmony with your parents and relatives can you call filial piety. Therefore, the gentleman often entertained his clansmen to dinner to strengthen unity. The Book of Songs says: Brothers have a good relationship and are in harmony with each other; The brothers have a bad relationship and blame each other.

Confucius said: For the father's peers, you can ride in his car, but you are not allowed to wear his clothes. By doing so, the gentleman extends his filial piety to his father to his father's peers. Confucius said: Even a villain can support his parents, as a gentleman, if he can only feed without knowing filial piety, then what is the difference between him and a villain!

Confucius said: Father and son cannot be in the same position of respect and inferiority, so as to emphasize the respect for the father. "Shangshu" says: The monarch does not look like a monarch, that is, he insults his ancestors.

Confucius said: Parents are alive, sons do not dare to call themselves old, usually pay attention to how to be filial to their parents, do not pay attention to how parents should feel sorry for themselves. At home, you can only make your parents happy, and you can't sigh in front of your parents. The gentleman used these etiquettes to regulate the people, and there were few people who paid attention to filial piety and many who prayed for the love of their parents.

Confucius said: As the Son of Heaven and the princes, if you can respect the elderly in the court, then the people will rise to the wind of filial piety. Confucius said: There is a corpse during the sacrifice, and the god is set up in the temple, which is to point out to people the object that should be worshipped. The construction of the temple and the reverence for the sacrifice are to educate the people not to forget their dead relatives. Use this method to educate the people, and the people will forget their relatives.

Confucius said: In order to show respect for guests, you can use sacrificial vessels to entertain you. Therefore, a gentleman does not abolish etiquette because of the poverty of his family, nor does he exceed etiquette because of his family's honesty. Therefore, the food etiquette stipulates that the host personally distributes vegetables to the guests, and the guests will sacrifice; If the host does not personally distribute vegetables to the family, the guests will not be sacrificed. Therefore, if a gentleman encounters an unreasonable reception, he will not eat even if it is delicious. The Book of Changes says: The cattle killing sacrifice in the Yin Dynasty is not as good as the pig killing sacrifice in the country, and the pig killing sacrifice in the country can really be blessed by God. The Book of Songs says: When a gentleman entertains guests, he must not only drink the wine well, but also fully demonstrate his virtues. Use this method to educate the people, and the people still have those who strive for profit and forget their righteousness.