Section 380 Datong Moderately Prosperous Society
In addition to the fact that some chapters have a definite conclusion on the authorship and era, most of the chapters of the "Book of Rites" were written by Confucian scholars in the Qin and Han dynasties, and it seems to have become a definitive conclusion. There are various theories as to the author and date of the Book of Filial Piety, but most scholars believe that the Book of Filial Piety is the work of a Confucian scholar in the Han Dynasty. From this, it can be asserted that the Book of Rites predates or is a contemporaneous work with the Book of Filial Piety. In terms of content, there are many similarities between "The Book of Filial Piety" and "The Book of Rites", so much so that Liang Qichao said that "The text of the Book of Filial Piety" "The meaning of the book is very superficial, and it can be said to be an inferior work when it is placed in the 49 articles of "The Book of Little Dai Li", so it is okay not to read it."
Indeed, there are many similarities in the Book of Filial Piety to the Book of Rites. For example, "The Book of Filial Piety": Use the attitude of filial piety to be loyal to the king; "Book of Rites": If you are not loyal to the monarch, you are unfilial. "The Book of Filial Piety": Serve your mother with the mood of serving your father, the love is the same, and the heart of reverence is the same when you serve the monarch with the mood of serving your father; "The Book of Rites": Serve the king with the attitude of serving the father, level the respect for the two, and serve the mother with the attitude of serving the father, and the degree of affection for the two is the same.
"The Book of Filial Piety": Our body hair and skin are given to us by our parents, we must cherish it and love it, because a healthy body and mind is the most basic condition for being a person and doing things, so cherishing it and caring for it is the beginning of filial piety; "The Book of Rites": Born of heaven and raised by earth, there is nothing more noble than man; Parents give birth to themselves completely, and those who are sons must return their bodies to their parents intact, which is called filial piety; Not to damage the body, not to insult the reputation, this is called integrity.
Even the "Book of Filial Piety" uses five chapters to discuss the idea of filial piety of the fifth class of people, and its theoretical source can also be seen in the "Book of Rites", which says: Doctor Qing practices filial piety and corrects the mistakes of his parents with good virtues; Scholars practice filial piety, understand their parents' intentions in advance, advise them not to make mistakes, and then obey their calls; Ordinary people practice filial piety and prepare meals to support their parents as much as they can; The king's filial piety is not to let the three elders be his subordinates.
Of course, it is undeniable that the Book of Filial Piety, as a piece of literature dedicated to filial piety, is better than the Book of Rites compared with the Book of Rites, although there are not many new creations in terms of theoretical achievements, but it is better than the Book of Rites in terms of systematization and easy dissemination and promotion. Both are listed in the Thirteen Confucian Classics and have had a huge impact on history.
However, the effects of the two have their own different characteristics. The "Book of Filial Piety" is less than 2,000 words, and the special monographs, coupled with the vigorous promotion of the rulers of the past dynasties, have a much greater impact, whether it is an intellectual or a common man, they may read the "Book of Filial Piety", and the "Book of Rites" can only affect the readers who have a certain Confucian cultural accomplishment. However, due to the unlimited generalization of filial piety in the "Book of Filial Piety", and the "scriptures" as a basis for argumentation from the beginning, it may disdain to write subtle details such as "specific and elusive things", which makes many specific moral requirements of filial piety neglected.
In short, the theoretical issues of filial piety and the universal principles of filial piety, created by the Book of Rites and systematized by the Book of Filial Piety, have been widely disseminated with the help of the Book of Filial Piety. The filial piety part of the "Book of Rites" has allowed some books such as "Twenty-four Filial Piety", "Thirty-six Filial Piety", "Disciple Rules", "Daughter's Sutra" and many other children's books and lessons to be circulated, slowly affecting the family life etiquette and social interaction of Chinese for a long time, and becoming the way of life of the country of etiquette. Therefore, we cannot underestimate the great influence of the Book of Rites on the formation and development of filial piety in China and on the traditional way of life of Chinese.
Confucianism believes that when the highest political ideals are implemented, the world is shared by all people, and people with noble moral character and capable people are selected, and everyone stresses honesty and cultivates an atmosphere of harmony; We should not only treat our relatives as relatives, nor should we only raise our children as children, but should enable the elderly to enjoy their old age in peace, so that the middle-aged can realize their values, and the young and children have their own strengths, so that the widowed, the lonely, the disabled and the sick can have a secure life; Men must have careers, and women must be married in time; People hate the phenomenon of goods being abandoned on the earth and store them up, not for the sake of their own enjoyment; He also abhors the kind of behavior that does not do his best in common labor, and always does not work for personal gain; In this way, there will be no conspiracy, no one will steal property and start a rebellion, and every household will not have to close its door, which is called Datong society.
Now, the norms of Datong society have been destroyed, the world has become a family, people kiss their own parents, each loves their own children, and the property is afraid that it will not belong to them, and the strength is afraid that it will come from themselves. The throne of the Son of Heaven and the princes is passed from father to son and brother to brother. The inner and outer castles were added with moats, which were used as defensive facilities. Etiquette is used to regulate the relationship between monarchs and ministers, to make the relationship between father and son close, to make brothers harmonious, to make husband and wife harmonious, to set up systems, to determine fields and residences, to commend brave and wise people, and to write credit to their own books.
Therefore, the matter of intrigue and intrigue was born, and the matter of fighting each other also arose. Xia Yu, Shang Tang, King Wen of Zhou, King Wu, King Cheng, and Duke of Zhou are the leaders produced in this situation. None of these six gentlemen did not regard etiquette as a magic weapon, using etiquette to commend justice, examine integrity, point out faults, imitate benevolence, pay attention to courtesy, and show the people that everything is in accordance with rules. If anyone does not act in accordance with courtesy, the official will be removed from office, and the people will regard him as a scourge. This is the well-off.
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