The above three paragraphs are a description of Xiaokang Datong, which was born in China 2,000 years ago and is an extremely valuable historical material. Thirdly, the three articles of "University", "The Mean" and "Xueji" respectively record many reasonable economic ideas and educational thoughts. "University" and "The Mean" originally belonged to the two articles in the "Book of Rites", and during the Southern Song Dynasty, the physicist Zhu Xi extracted the two articles separately, and together with the "Analects" and "Mencius", they were called the "Four Books". In the six or seven hundred years from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, it has become a must-read for young students to take the examination.

"University" said: There are methods and rules to follow for making money, that is, there should be more work, less food, higher production efficiency, and slower consumption, then wealth will always be abundant; The benevolent man gives his wealth to others and earns a good reputation, and the unkind person would rather have wealth than a good reputation, and has not heard of a king who loves benevolence but his subordinates do not love righteousness, nor have he heard of his subordinates who love righteousness but cannot do things, nor have they heard of his subordinates not taking care of the treasury and wealth of the state as their own wealth.

This is a classic exposition of Confucian financial management, and it is also a valuable heritage of ancient fiscal economics. The words of Confucius are recorded in "The Mean": to study extensively, to inquire in detail about learning, to think carefully, to discern clearly, and to practice practically.

The Confucian scholars of the early Han Dynasty, represented by Shusun Tong, combined with the actual situation of the early Han Dynasty to make rituals and rituals for the Han dynasty, they also extracted the last texts and testaments of the pre-Qin Confucian etiquette thought, and wrote a large number of etiquette papers, which is the great work of etiquette that we see now - "The Book of Rites". In the Book of Rites, the Han Confucians not only compiled a meticulous network of etiquette in all aspects of daily life, from governing the country and seeking learning to weddings and funerals, clothing, food, housing, and transportation, but also elaborated on the origin and role of rites from the philosophical height of cosmology, human nature, and history. It can be said that the emergence of the Book of Rites marks the maturity of China's traditional culture.

There are 49 articles in the Book of Rites, and its table of contents is:

Qu Lishang, Qu Li, Tan Gong, Tan Gong, Wang, Yueling, Zeng Zi asked

King Wen's son, rites, rituals, special sacrifices, internal rules, Yuzao, and Ming Tang positions

Mourning clothes notes, big biography, Shaoyi, learning notes, music notes, miscellaneous notes, miscellaneous notes

Funeral records, sacrifices, sacrifices, sacrifices, scriptures, mourning questions, Zhongni Yanju

Confucius idle, Fang Ji, Zhongyong, Table Record, Tie Clothes, Running for Funeral, Asking for Funeral

Clothing question, intermittent transmission, three-year question, deep clothes, pitching pot, Confucianism, university,

Guanyi, faint righteousness, township drinking righteousness, shooting righteousness, Yan righteousness, employment righteousness, mourning clothes four systems

Well, let's enjoy the wonderful "Book of Rites"!

2. Appreciation of the full text of "The Book of Rites".

(1) "Qu Lishang"

"Qu Li" is a part of the composition of the "Book of Rites", Qu is a small chores, Li is a code of conduct, Qu Li refers to specific and small etiquette norms.

"Qu Li" says: A person with status must always have the word "respect" in his heart, his appearance should be dignified, as if he was solemn and serious, and he should speak with a serene attitude and be reasonable. Only by doing these three things can people be at peace. Arrogance cannot be generated, indulgence must not be unrestrained, ambition cannot be complacent, and pleasure cannot be excessive.

For those whose morals and talents are superior to themselves, be close to and respect, fear and love him. For the person you love, you can't only know his strengths and not his shortcomings; You must not know only the shortcomings of the person you hate, but not the good ones. I have savings, I want to share them with the poor, be prepared for danger in times of peace, and be able to change my situation in time.

In the face of property, do not take it for yourself; In the face of danger, there is no way to escape. It is not permissible to win a lawsuit over a trivial matter; In the distribution of goods, do not ask for more. You can't pretend to understand what you don't understand, and when you answer others about what you already understand, you have to credit your mentor and friends, and you can't take credit for yourself.

As for the sitting state, it should be as dignified as the corpse of the sacrifice; Stand as respectful as those who are fasting. Etiquette should be appropriate, and the mission should conform to local customs.

The so-called etiquette is used to determine the distance of the relationship between people, to judge whether things are or are not, to distinguish when things should be the same and when they should be different, and to distinguish between things that are courteous or disrespectful. Speak according to etiquette, don't casually get other people's likes, and don't say things that can't be done. According to etiquette, you can't do things more than your own identity, you can't infringe and insult others, and you can't get close to others casually.

Cultivating one's own virtues and fulfilling one's promises is called perfect conduct. Faithfulness in deeds and righteousness in words is the essence of propriety. According to etiquette, I have heard that the purpose of recruiting a sage is to use his virtue to influence education, but I have never heard that recruiting a sage is just to make him a signboard. According to the etiquette, I have heard of the rule that some students take the initiative to come to the teacher's door to learn the arts, but I have not heard of the teacher who goes to the student's residence to teach.

The four abstract concepts of morality, benevolence and righteousness cannot be implemented without courtesy; education and discipline, rectification of folk customs, no courtesy will take care of one and the other; distinguish between the merits of the dispute, and it is impossible to judge without courtesy; The titles of kings and ministers, superiors and subordinates, masters and brothers, cannot be determined without courtesy. Learn the skills of being an official and learn the six arts, if the disciple is rude to serve the teacher, the relationship between the teacher and the student will not be intimate. The position of hundreds of officials in the court, the management of the army by the generals, and the performance of the duties of the officials cannot be reflected without courtesy; Prayers for blessings, ancestral halls for thanking the gods, and regular sacrifices for ghosts and gods are all regulated, and if you don't do it according to the number of rituals, you will appear insincere in your heart and undignified in appearance.

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