Shangguan Yang looked at the expressions of the high-level executives who were a little puzzled when they heard this

But Shangguan Yang did not pause, and continued to interpret it in rigorous words, she believes that these future scientific and technological development trends are not a problem that the federal top leaders need to understand, and what Shangguan Yang needs is only material and 'spiritual' spiritual support, I believe this, Li Baoqiang knows best what to do

Although the high-level officials did not understand anything, they were still full of interest in Shangguan Yang's interpretation

Shangguan Yang continued to interpret:

At present, the depth, breadth and focus of human understanding of resources, environment and disasters have undergone major changes

The vision of resource search is getting bigger and bigger, gradually moving from the surface of the earth to the depths, from land to sea, from simply focusing on the search for mineral resources, and gradually shifting to the rational use of resources and environmental protection with the goal of sustainable development. Attention to environmental issues has shifted from local to global; The study of natural disasters has also shifted from single disasters to the study of mass disasters, and from simple monitoring and forecasting to comprehensive research integrating monitoring, early warning, forecasting, and disaster assessment

The progress of technology and science has provided a powerful means for the scientific research of the earth system, and the development of mathematics, chemistry and material science has provided a new method and theoretical basis for the research theme of the earth system science

The digital earth will become an important feature of earth science in the new century, and promote the development of earth system science from qualitative description of natural phenomena to quantitative direction

4. The field of cognitive neuroscience

Revealing the mysteries of the human brain and exploring the nature of consciousness and thinking activities have been the dreams of mankind for many years, and mankind will make breakthroughs in several major issues in brain science and cognitive neuroscience research

Understand the principles of brain organization and structure, study and analyze new concepts and new ideas that lead to consciousness through experiments, master the mechanisms of cognition and intellectual activities, overcome brain diseases, use the principles of the human brain to develop intelligent computers, manufacture brain-shaped devices and structures, and brain-like information generation and processing systems, develop computers that can recognize people's thoughts and behaviors, and robots that can understand people's hopes and intentions, and think and act like people

Cognitive neuroscience is a multidisciplinary research field that integrates 'sexuality', which is not only a matter of neurophysiology, but also needs to have knowledge of mathematics, physics, chemistry, computer, and information science, which can drive the development of a large number of disciplines and the semiconductor industry, computer industry, robotics industry, and information industry, and contribute to solving the problems faced by the information society and the aging society

5. Energy science and technology

At present, 70% of the energy consumed by human beings comes from fossil fuels, in the 21st century, with the awakening of human environmental awareness and the change of values, human beings will continue to pursue a more harmonious lifestyle with nature, and the production of renewable clean energy will be one of the main development directions of energy science in the 21st century, and the energy supply will show a diversified development trend

It is foreseeable that breakthroughs will be made in the research and utilization of nuclear energy, and controlled nuclear fusion energy will become a reality.

Hydrogen and solar energy are the most ideal and inexhaustible energy sources, and it is even envisaged to imitate the sun, using nuclear fusion to research and develop an environmentally compatible, durable, and carbon dioxide-free form of energy;

The earth itself is full of temperature differences, and scientists call the resulting energy "natural cold energy" and try to exploit it

From the process of human development and utilization of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, ocean energy and hydropower, it is predicted that in the 21st century, renewable clean energy will meet 50% of the world's future energy supply

In addition, gas hydrates, whose reserves exceed the sum of known oil, coal, and natural gas, have broad development prospects

6. Materials science and technology

Materials science has evolved from the study of composition, structure, and the relationship between 'sex' and energy to the comprehensive and systematic study of the composition, preparation, structure, processing, and 'sex' energy of materials, and its significant feature is that materials science and materials technology are inseparable, and the core issue of the development of materials science and technology in the 21st century is the discovery and development of new advanced materials

Materials science and technology in the 21st century may have major breakthroughs in the following aspects: the discovery of superconductivity mechanism has brought real breakthroughs to new superconductor materials; Nanomaterials and nanotechnology will create the smallest machine-molecule machine, which can solve the current unsolvable bioengineering problems, and it will create a new era of biology and technology; intelligent materials will have stronger biomimetic functions, and it is foreseeable that new methods and technologies for discovering new materials will also have revolutionary breakthroughs in the 21st century

The breakthrough and development of materials science and technology in the 21st century will provide a broader space for development in the fields and industries of information, communication, medical care, manufacturing technology, aerospace technology and military

7. Biotechnology

The future development of biotechnology depends on the breadth and height of the technology platform, and it is expected that several new biotechnology platforms will be formed in the future, and the establishment of these platforms will make the development of biotechnology unpredictable

There are already three biotechnology platforms, namely DNA recombination, cell culture and DNA chips, which have achieved considerable results, cultivating new biotechnology industries, and several new platforms are expected to be formed in the new century

The first is the genome platform, at present, the full genome sequences of dozens of microorganisms and four model organisms have entered the database, and the sketch of the full sequence of human genes has just been completed, which means that there are hundreds of thousands of genes and their encoded proteins for genetic engineering and protein engineering to 'operate', thus greatly expanding the scope of biotechnology industry

The second platform is the biochip, which is the 'crossing' and fusion of a variety of high-tech in the fields of molecular biology and chemistry and physics, extending from the DNA chip to the silicon wafer containing various biological macromolecules, and finally combined with nanotechnology, so that the chip that is 'operated' in vitro can be developed into a component that can perform a certain function within the **

The third platform is stem cell biology, which is the basis of cloning animals and cloning tissues and organs, and the key to the development of technology is to control the differentiation and development of stem cells with totipotent 'sex' or pluripotent 'sex', such as neural stem cells can develop into various types of cells of the nervous system, and the improvement of this platform will bring revolution to the progress of organ transplantation in medicine and the reproduction of excellent livestock in agriculture

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