After Zhuge Zhan died in battle, Cheng was shaken, and Liu Chan finally surrendered without a fight under the persuasion of Qian Zhou, and Shu Han perished.

【Persuasion of Zhou Zhou】

In the winter of the sixth year of Jingyao (263), Deng Ai drove straight in, broke Zhuge Zhan, and approached the capital of Cheng. The Shu State thought that the enemy army would not attack immediately, and did not prepare to defend the city, and when it heard that Deng Ai had entered Yinping, the people panicked and rioted, and they fled from the mountains and forests. The queen lord Liu Chan convened the ministers to discuss countermeasures, and no one could come up with a clever plan. Some people think that Shu and Wu are originally allies and can take refuge in Wu; Some people think that the seven counties in Nanzhong are high mountains and dangerous obstacles, easy to defend, and can run south.

Only Guanglu Doctor Qian Zhou believed: "Since ancient times, there has been no attachment to other countries to be the Son of Heaven, and now if you defect to Wu, you must surrender to Wu." And the politics of the country are the same as the natural world, the big can swallow up the small, this is the law of nature. It can be seen from this that Wei was able to annex Wu, but Wu could not annex Wei, which is very clear. Instead of being a vassal to a small country, it is better to be a vassal to a large country; Rather than suffer two humiliations, it is better to endure one. Besides, if you defect to Nanzhong, you should prepare in advance so that you can have something to rely on. Now that the enemy is at present, destruction is imminent, and there is no guarantee that there will be no bad changes in the hearts of the people below, I am afraid that on the day of departure, there will be unforeseen changes, can you wait until you go to Nanzhong? ”

One of the ministers retorted to Zhou: "Now Deng Ai is not far away, what if he does not accept your surrender?" Qian Zhou said: "Now that Eastern Wu has not yet been annexed to Wei, the situation forced Deng Ai to surrender, and after surrendering, he had to be courteous. If Your Majesty descends to Wei, and Wei does not seal Your Majesty's title land, Qian Zhou should ask for his life to go to the capital of Wei and fight for you with the morality of the ancients. ”

No one in the crowd could refute Qian Zhou's assertion. The latter lord was still hesitating to go to Nanzhong, and Qian Zhou once again played to persuade Liu Chan for four reasons, and the latter lord Liu Chan finally decided to adopt Qian Zhou's advice and surrender to Cao Wei.

After the battle of Mianzhu, Deng Ai took advantage of the situation to approach the capital of Cheng (cheng), and Shu Han had already sent a part of the army north to support Jiang Wei and others, and then let Zhuge Zhan take away a considerable number of troops, it can be said that the interior was very empty, coupled with Deng Ai's strength, the capitulation faction began to rise.

Moreover, the internal forces of Chengdu (cheng) have also been unbalanced, and the core figures are basically no longer there. Jiang Wei, Yan Yu, Huo Yi, Liao Hua and other generals all led troops outside, and the two successive Shangshu orders Dong Ju and Fan Jian also attacked to support the front line, Zhuge Zhan, Zhang Zun, Huang Chong, Li Qiu and others were still in the imperial court, and they all died in the battle of Mianzhu, so no one could resist the Great Liang, and no one restrained the surrender faction.

At that time, it was not the people who surrendered without opposition, such as Liu Chan's son, Liu Chen, the king of Beidi, who was strongly dissatisfied with this. On the day of Liu Chan's envoy surrender, Liu Chen was ashamed of the death and death of the country, first killed his wife and children, and then committed suicide. According to the record of "Han Jin Spring and Autumn Period": The queen will follow the strategy of the Zhou Dynasty, and the king of the northern land Chen angrily said: "If the reason is exhausted, the disaster will come, and the father and son will fight against the Han Jin Spring and Autumn Period, and die together to see the first emperor." The queen did not accept it, so he sent the seal to delay. On that day, Chen wept in the temple of Zhao Lie, first killing his wife, and then committing suicide, and there were weepers.

【Dun Aina Drop】

Liu Chan sent Zhang Shao, Deng Liang and Deng Ai to meet in Luo County. Deng Ai was very happy to receive the letter from Shu, and immediately replied, asking Zhang Shao and Deng Liang to return to Cheng first. Deng Ai arrived in the north of the capital of Cheng, and then the main rope tied himself and carried the coffin to the front door of the Wei army camp. Deng Ai untied the rope for him, burned the coffin, and invited him to the camp to meet him. Deng Ai adhered to the will of Wei and made the queen a hussar general. Deng Ai allowed the queen to still live in the original palace, and he also visited it himself.

After Liu Chan surrendered Kaicheng, he ordered Jiang Wei to surrender. Jiang Wei's sergeants all drew their swords and slashed stones to vent their anger, but helplessly, Jiang Wei led the army to surrender to Zhonghui. In addition to Jiang Wei, the generals of Shu who defended the city surrendered one after another after receiving the edict of the queen. The specific time of the fall of Shu Han was in the winter of the sixth year of Jingyao (263), because of the difference between the lunar calendar and the Western calendar, so it may be 264 AD.

After the fall of Shu Han, Liu Chan moved to Luoyang, the capital of Wei State, and was named the Duke of Anle County. Liu Chan spent the rest of his life happily in Luoyang in this way.

[Comparison of Liu Zhang and Liu Chan]

In the nineteenth year of Jian'an (214), Liu Bei marched into the army to surround the capital of Cheng (cheng), and sent Jian Yong to persuade Liu Zhang to surrender, so as to seize Yizhou, fifty years later, Deng Ai led his troops to attack, approaching the capital of Cheng (cheng), Liu Bei's son Liu Chan also opened the city and surrendered.

However, compared to Liu Zhang, Liu Chan's situation is still relatively good. Liu Bei and Liu Zhang turned against each other, first conquered Fucheng, and then captured Mianzhu and Luocheng, and finally surrounded Cheng (cheng) capital, at the same time Liu Bei also transferred Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and Zhuge Liang and others into Shu, divided troops to capture Jiangyang, Qianwei, Ba County, Brazil and other counties, and finally encircled Cheng (cheng) capital, and later Ma Chao joined, it can be said that Liu Bei at that time fierce generals such as clouds, soldiers such as the sea, and Liu Zhang, although there are 30,000 troops, and more than a year of grain and grass, but can only rely on the lonely city defense, the peripheral counties have been conquered by the enemy, could not count on reinforcements.

Deng Ai is similar to Liu Bei, he also crossed Fucheng first, and then captured Mianzhu and Luocheng. Compared with Liu Zhang, Liu Chan did not have many troops in Chengdu (cheng) at that time, there were absolutely no 30,000 people, and it was estimated that there were 10,000 people at most, but relatively, Deng Ai's troops were far less strong than Liu Bei back then. Therefore, it is actually feasible for Liu Chan to defend Cheng (cheng), as long as he holds on for a period of time, it may be a few days, and Jiang Wei, Yan Yu, Huo Yi and Sun Wu's rescue troops will rush over, unlike Liu Zhang, who can really only stay in the lonely city.

If Liu Chan defends to the death, it is still difficult for Deng Ai to defeat Cheng (cheng) in the short term, even if Cheng (cheng) is not a lot of troops, but the population is a lot, and the defense on the city wall is relatively simple, Liu Chan can hold it for a few days even if he pulls Zhuang Ding, although Deng Ai's army is slightly stronger, but the strength is limited, even if he wants to fight is military equipment, there is a big gap, and the time is still more favorable to Liu Chan. Once a senior general returns, brings a group of reinforcements, sits in charge of the overall situation, and stabilizes the situation, Deng Ai will be even more difficult to fight.

In history, Shu Han could perish in a short period of time, Liu Chan has an unshirkable responsibility, many of his practices are incomprehensible, from the beginning of putting major military intelligence aside, and later refusing Huo Yi to come to help, and the final decisive surrender, all directly buried Shu Han. In contrast, although Liu Zhang also surrendered to Liu Bei, and the bad guys have fought for more than two years, and they have not made intolerable mistakes like Liu Chan, and finally surrendered, there is really no way, but even so Liu Zhang is called the Lord of Darkness, so what about Liu Chan?