Confucius said: Who have I slandered when I treat others? Who have you complimented? If praised, then the person must also be tested; The third generation of Xia Shang people did this when they praised others, so the third generation of Xia Shang was able to go straight. In my early years, I was able to see the articles that the historians did not memorize because they had doubts; Just as a man with a horse cannot be tamed himself, but first gives it to others; This kind of spirit is probably not there today! Rhetoric corrupts one's virtues, and if one is not patient with small things, it corrupts big things. Everybody hated him, and I had to look into it; Everybody likes him, and I'm going to have to look it out. Man should magnify the Word, not the Word that enlarges man's talents.

If there is a mistake and it is not corrected, it is really called a mistake. I used to skip meals all day, stay up all night, meditate, and it didn't turn out to be any good, so it was better to study. A gentleman only seeks the Tao, not food and clothing; Those who plough the fields often go hungry; Those who learn the Tao can often get a fortune; The gentleman is only worried about the inability of the Tao to work, not about poverty. If one's benevolence is not enough to maintain the world, even if it is obtained, it will be lost. Virtue is enough to keep the world by virtue of ingenuity, and if you don't govern the people with a serious attitude, you won't get the respect of the people; Wisdom is enough to get it, benevolence can maintain it, and it can govern the people with a serious attitude, but when the people are mobilized, it is also imperfect if they do not follow the requirements of propriety.

You can't let a gentleman do those small things, but you can let them take on a big mission; You can't let the villain take on a big mission, but you can let them do those small things. The people's need for benevolence is more urgent than the need for water. I have only seen people jump into the water and die, but I have never seen people die because of practicing benevolence. In the face of benevolence, even if I am a teacher, I will not be humble to him. A gentleman sticks to the right path, and cannot pay attention to credit without distinguishing between right and wrong. When serving the monarch, you should do things for the monarch conscientiously, and put the matter of receiving the money later. Education is accessible to all, regardless of ethnicity.

If you have different opinions, you don't have to sit together and discuss with each other. Words, as long as they can express the meaning clearly, it is fine. The musician came to visit Confucius, and since the musicians were generally blind, when he walked to the edge of the steps, Confucius would say, "This is the step; When he walked to the seat, Confucius would say, "This is the seat; When everyone sat down, Confucius would tell him: so-and-so is here, so-and-so is here; After the musician left, Zizhang asked Confucius: Is this the way to talk to the blind? Confucius replied: This is the way to help the blind.

(16) "Ji's Chapter"

The book consists of 14 chapters, among which the famous verses are: "I don't worry about the lack of wealth, but I am worried about the uneven distribution of wealth; not worried that there are too few people, only that there is instability within the territory"; "Born to understand, to be a superior person"; "There are three things that a gentleman should take precautions against: when he is young, his flesh is still immature, and he must give up his infatuation with women; When the body is mature and the flesh is strong, it is necessary to abstain from fighting with others; When you are old, your flesh is weakened, and you must abstain from insatiable greed. ”；“ A gentleman has three things to revere: reverence for the destiny of heaven, reverence for those of high status, and reverence for the words of saints." The main issues discussed in this article include the political activities of Confucius and his students, the principles that should be paid attention to when getting along with people and making friends, the three precepts of a gentleman, the three fears, and the nine thoughts.

The Ji clan was about to crusade against the vassal state of the Lu state, and Ran Youhe Zilu went back and reported to Confucius: Master, the Ji clan is about to attack Zhuānyú; After hearing this, Confucius said: Ran You, isn't this your fault? In the past, it was the place where Zhou Tianzi used to preside over the Dongmeng sacrifice, and it was already within the territory of the Lu State, and it was a vassal of the country! Why crusade against it? Ran You replied: Dr. Jisun wants to attack it, but neither of us agrees, but we can't persuade it; Confucius said: Ran You, the doctor Zhou Ren once said, "Do your best to bear your position, and if you can't do it well, you will resign." "If you don't help when you are in danger, and if you don't help when you fall, what do you do with the people who still use support? And what you're saying is not right; Whose fault is it that the tiger and the rhinoceros escaped from the cage, and the tortoise shell and the jade used for the sacrifice that had been placed in the box for divination were broken? This is obviously a dereliction of duty on the part of the caretaker!

Ran You continued: The current city wall is strong, and it is very close to Feiyi; If you don't take it now, it will definitely become a problem for your children and grandchildren in the future; After hearing this, Confucius said: Ran You, the gentleman hates the practice of refusing to tell the truth that he wants to do it, but he must find a reason to defend himself; I have heard that princes and doctors are not afraid of poverty, but of unequal wealth; Not afraid of a small population, but afraid of instability. If the wealth is even, there will be no so-called poverty; If everyone is in harmony, you will not feel that there are fewer people; If the society is stable, there will be no danger of overturning; In such a situation, if the people from afar are not submitted, they should be invited with benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, and happiness; If they come, let them dwell in peace; Now, Zilu and Ran have the two of you to assist the Ji family, and if the people from afar don't come to submit, you can't recruit them; The people of the country are scattered, and you cannot protect them, but instead plot to use force in the country; I'm only afraid that Ji Sun's troubles are not in the moment, but in his own interior!

When there was a way in the world, it was decided by the Son of Heaven to make ceremonial music and send troops to fight; When there was no way in the world, it was up to the princes to decide on the production of ceremonial music and the dispatch of troops to war; It is decided by the princes, and after about ten generations, there are few that do not fall; It is up to the doctor to decide, and after about five generations, there are few that do not fall. If there is a way in the world, the power of the country will not fall into the hands of doctors; If there is a way in the world, the common people will not talk about the politics of the country. It has been five generations since the state of Lu lost the power of the country, and it has been four generations since the power fell into the hands of the doctor, so the descendants of Sanhuan have also weakened.

There are three kinds of friends who are good and there are three kinds of friends who are harmful. It is beneficial to make friends with those who are upright, with those who are honest, with those who are well-informed; It is harmful to make friends with people who are accustomed to following evil paths, with people who are good at flattery, and with people who are accustomed to rhetoric. There are three kinds of beneficial preferences and three kinds of harmful preferences; It is beneficial to regulate oneself with pleasure, to praise the good of others, and to have many virtuous friends; A preference for pride, a penchant for lounging, a penchant for eating and drinking, which is harmful.