In order to adapt to the changes of the times, Sima Guang simplified the "Shiguan Ceremony" in the "Rites" to make it easier for the public to grasp. In addition, according to the living customs of the time, he also adapted the crown of the three pluses, the first scarf, the second hat, and the head of the three plus fú. "Zhuzi's Family Rites" follows the main rituals of Sima Guang's "Shuyi", but stipulates the age of the crown ceremony as 15 to 20 years old for men, and puts forward corresponding requirements from the aspect of knowledge, "If it is a gentleman who likes ancient culture, his child is over 15 years old, can read the "Book of Filial Piety" and "Analects", and probably knows the method of etiquette and righteousness, and then he can perform the crown ceremony."

Cheng Yi, a physicist and educator in the Northern Song Dynasty, also strongly advocated the crown ceremony, believing that if the crown ceremony was abolished, there would be no adults in the world. It is recorded in "Zuo Biography" that when Jin mourned the banquet and invited Lu Xianggong, when asked about Lu Xianggong's age, Ji Wuzi said that he was only 12 years old. Based on this example, some people advocated that the age of the crown ceremony be advanced to 12 years old, which was resolutely opposed by Cheng Yi, saying: This is not possible, the crown ceremony is to require him according to the standard of an adult, and 12 years old is not the time of adulthood. Cheng Yi believes that since he has already performed the crown ceremony, he must be required according to the standards of adults, otherwise the crown ceremony will become a false ceremony; If he cannot be required according to the standard of an adult after the crown ceremony, then he cannot be expected to be an adult in this life, so even the princes of the Son of Heaven must be 20 before performing the crown ceremony.

According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty issued an edict to formulate the crown ceremony, from the emperor, the crown prince, the prince, the prince, the official, and the commoners, all formulated the ceremonial form of the crown ceremony. There are many records in the History of the Ming Dynasty about the crown ceremony of the emperor, the crown prince, and the prince, indicating that the tradition of the crown ceremony is still maintained among the members of the royal family; However, from the officials downwards, there are very few things that can be done, and what the officials record is probably just a story. It can be seen that there are very few people in the official and civil society who perform the crown salute. After the Qing people entered the Central Plains, the etiquette system issued by the imperial court has undergone great changes, although there are still five rites, but the crown ceremony, which has long been the focus of Jiali, no longer appears in the specific items of Jiali.

In ancient times, men had a crown ceremony, and women had a 笄 (jī) ceremony, which was a women's coming-of-age ceremony. In the "Book of Rites", it is said: After a woman marries, she holds a ceremony and takes the table characters. The age of the ceremony is smaller than the crown ceremony, and the "Book of Rites" says: A woman is 15 years old and is allowed to marry, perform the ceremony, and take the table words. In this case, the age of marriage is 15 years old. If a woman does not agree to marry for a long time, she can be dealt with in a flexible way, as explained in the Book of Rites: If a woman is not allowed to marry at the age of 15, she will perform the ceremony at the age of 20. The ritual of the ritual is not recorded in the literature, and most of the later generations believe that it should be similar to the crown ceremony.

Okay, that's the content of our "Shiguan Ceremony", and we now move on to the study of "Shiguan Li".

(2) "The Rite of Darkness"

In ancient times, the aristocracy regarded marriage as the sacred responsibility of the temple and the successor to the next generation, and this ritual document records a series of rituals between men and women under the auspices of their parents, from Nacai to the temple after marriage. Nacai is the first of the six ceremonies of marriage, that is, the man wants to marry the woman, and asks the matchmaker to propose to the woman. The temple is an important ceremony for a married woman to become a woman, that is, at the latest 3 months after marriage, the bride must be brought to the ancestral temple of the husband's family to pay homage to the ancestors, to show that the marriage has obtained the consent of the ancestors of the husband's family.

The etiquette of marriage is: the male family first sends a matchmaker to propose marriage to the female family, and then performs the Nacai ceremony, using geese as a gift for the proposal. The master set up a feast on the west side of the temple of his father. The banquet takes the west as the first place, and the table is set on the right. The messenger arrived dressed in Xuanduan clothes, and the greeter went out to inquire, and then came back to tell the master. The host, dressed in the same clothes as the guests, walked out of the door to greet them. The host bowed twice, but the guest did not reply. The guests and hosts waved each other to enter the door.

When they walked to the temple gate, the guests and hosts entered each other. This look is relative to each other three times, and when they reach the front steps of the hall, they give in to each other three times. The host and the guests ascended the hall together, standing facing west. Guests ascended the hall from the west steps of the hall, walked under the roof beams of the hall, and gave speeches facing east. The master bowed twice to the north on the upper side of the east staircase. The messenger gave geese between two pillars in the main hall, facing south. After that, the guests walked down the hall and out of the temple gates.

The host also followed the guests down the hall and handed the geese over to the older retainers.

The greeter goes out to ask the guest, and the guest is a goose as a courtesy, and asks the woman's name. After the host's promise, the guests enter the main entrance of the hall and perform ceremonies such as the goose ceremony, which is the same process as the previous ceremony.

The greeter walks out the door and starts asking the guest, who replies that the matter is over, after which the greeter goes back to tell the host. When the greeter walks out the door again, he asks for a courtesy reward, and the guest excuses himself and then agrees.

The master removed the table and set up a new feast, with the east as the first place. Set up a 甒 (wǔ) (pottery) sweet wine in the room. The host greeted the guests outside the temple gate, and the etiquette of entering the room was the same as before, and the guest and host ascended to the hall at the same time. The host faces north and the guest bows north on the west staircase. After the host wipes the small table, he gives it to the guests, and then gives it a gift. The guests held the table in their hands and bowed down respectfully, facing north and set the table to the left of their seats, and then bowed to the host above the west steps of the hall.

The praiser poured the mulled wine, placed a spoon on the vessel, with the head facing forward, and walked out of the room to the top of the hall. The master took the vessel of sweet wine, turned the handle of the spoon forward, and walked into front of the feast, facing north-west. The guests are then accepted from the wine vessel with the mulled wine and returned to their place. The host greeted the guests at the top of the eastern staircase, and the praiser brought the dishes into the feast.

After the guests sit down, they hold the wine vessel in their left hand and the dish in their right hand, and pour the sweet wine three times with a small spoon, and then sit down on the west steps to taste the sweet wine. The guest then inserts the spoon into the wine vessel and stands up. The guests then sat down again, placed the wine vessels on the ground, and bowed. After the host bows down, the guests take their seats and place the wine vessel on the east side of the ritual vessel. The guests step down from the feast, sit down facing north, and get some jerky. At this point, the host will humbly push the dishes.