vs 281 The teachings of the elders in the crown ceremony
The crowned man went home and took off his knightly robes, changed into a crown, a black duan, and a finch knee cover, and held a pheasant in his hand, and went to meet the king. When the crown and the king meet, they should place the pheasant on the ground and not give it to the king with their own hands, because it is a ritual between the venerable and the venerable one to give it by hand. After that, the crown man took the pheasant and went to visit Dr. Qing and Mr. Xiang respectively. The so-called Mr. Xiang refers to the retired doctor. This is the first time that the crown person has used the identity of an adult to meet the monarch, the township doctor, and the township gentleman, so the "Book of Rites" says: wear a cloth crown, put on a Xuanduan dress, take a gift to meet the monarch, put the gift on the ground, and express that he does not dare to give it directly; Then he took the gifts to visit the township doctor and the township gentleman, both of whom went to visit him as adults.
After the crown bears a visit to the elder, the host will reward the guest with liquor, which is a gift. The so-called gift of a sacrifice, including offering, sorrel, reward, offering is the host first toast to the guests, sorrel is the guest with wine to return to the host, the host first drinks, and then the reward is to pour wine and then return to the host. In order to show his gratitude to the guests, the host gave them 5 silks and 2 deerskins. At this end of the crown ceremony, the guest took his leave, and the host sent him outside the door, bowed again, and sent someone to bring the gift containing the meat to the house of the main guest.
When the township doctor and the township gentleman meet with the champion, they should teach the champion. In terms of the content of the teachings, it is not mentioned in the "Rites", fortunately, there is a detailed record in the "Chinese" of Zhao Wenzi's visit to the Qing after the crown ceremony, which can make up for the shortcomings of the "Rites". It is recorded in the "Chinese" that Zhao Wenzi first went to visit Luan Wuzi, and Wuzi said: I have worked with your father Zhao Shuo, he is a bit flashy, I hope you will pay attention to pragmatism in the future; Zhao Wenzi went to see Fan Wenzi again, and Wenzi said: From now on, you must know how to be cautious; Virtuous people are always more cautious when their grace deepens, and only those who are not virtuous will be arrogant because of their grace.
Zhao Wenzi went to see Han Xianzi again, and Xianzi said: Remember! At the beginning of your adulthood, you should be good, and you should continue to enter a better state from goodness, so that the bad will not be able to get close to you; If you can't be good from the beginning, and you keep moving from unkindness to even more unkindness, then goodness will have nothing to do with you. Just like the growth of plants and trees, things always follow the same kind; People have a crown ceremony, just like a palace with a walled house, which must be repaired diligently; What else can I say?
Zhao Wenzi went to see Zhi Wuzi again, and Wuzi said: Children should remember that your great-grandfather Zhao Chengzi's literary brilliance and grandfather Zhao Xuanzi's loyalty, can you forget it! Children should remember: With Zhao Xuanzi's loyalty, coupled with Zhao Chengzi's literary brilliance, there is no unsuccessful service to the monarch. Finally, Zhao Wenzi went to meet Zhang Meng, Zhao Wenzi first recounted the teachings of the previous elders, Zhang Meng said: They said it too well! If you listen to Luan Wuzi, you can reach the realm taught by Fan Wenzi, you can carry forward Han Xianzi's admonitions, and you can achieve perfection in the future; It would be nice if you kept in mind the path that Zhiwuzi said; This is all the yin virtue of the previous king nourishing you!
From this wonderful narrative of "Chinese", we can fully see how close the relationship between Guanli and education is!
The Zhou Dynasty was a patriarchal system with the primogeniture system as the core, and when the reigning emperor died, the eldest son could ascend the throne regardless of his age. However, as long as the new king who ascends the throne is not an adult, he cannot rule the court. For example, when King Wu of Zhou died, King Cheng was young, and although he entered the Great Unification, he did not have the ability to govern himself, so he could only be regent by the Duke of Zhou. It was not until King Cheng came of age that the Duke of Zhou returned to power in King Cheng.
The reason for this is simple: minors are not eligible to become princes. Another example is that Yingzheng ascended the throne of Qin at the age of 13, according to the "Historical Records", it was not until April 9 years later, that is, when he was 22 years old, that he began to govern himself. It can be seen that for the emperor, the crown ceremony has a special significance. Not only that, but ordinary scholars were not allowed to hold important official positions if they did not perform the crown salute.
The Western Han Dynasty attached great importance to the emperor's crown ceremony, according to the "Book of Han", when Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty performed the crown ceremony, he once announced an amnesty to the world, which was also the beginning of the amnesty of the world because of the emperor's crown ceremony in history. Later, there were people who were given titles because of the crown prince's crown ceremony, according to the "Book of Han", in the first month of the third year after Emperor Jing's accession to the throne, the crown prince performed the crown ceremony and rewarded the people with the first rank of the title as the heir of his father; In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Emperor Zhao was crowned, and all the princes, prime ministers, generals, liehous, and clans went down to the officials and people with gold silk and cow wine, each of which had a difference in rank; reward the subjects of the world with the rank of knighthood, and stop paying the population tax for the fourth and fifth years; Those who have not paid the tax three years ago are exempted; He ordered the world to feast for five days. In this way, the imperial crown ceremony is quite like a festival celebrated by the whole world.
Ma Fang, the second son of Ma Yuan, the general of Fubo in the Eastern Han Dynasty, served as a guard captain during the Han Suzong period, and his son Ma Ju often followed Ma Fang's left and right. According to the record of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, in the first month of the sixth year of Suzong, Ma Ju reached the age of the crown ceremony, and Su Zong paid special worship to Ma Ju as the waiter of the Yellow Gate, and came to the scene of Ma Ju's crown ceremony. It is a pity that there is only one record in the history books of the emperor visiting the courtiers to crown the courtiers.
From the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Sui Dynasty, the crown ceremony was abolished and no longer held. In his reply to Wei Zhongli's letter, Liu Zongyuan said, "The crown ceremony has not been held for hundreds of years." From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, there was a crown ceremony among officials with ranks, and different crowns were added according to the ranks.
Some scholars in the Song Dynasty lamented the rapid loss of their inherent culture and advocated the implementation of rituals such as crowns, marriages, funerals, and sacrifices in the whole society to promote Confucian cultural traditions. Sima Guang said bitterly: The abolition of the crown ceremony has made people shallow, and they have not known the way of adulthood since they were young, which has caused serious social problems. Therefore, Sima Guang formulated the ceremony of the crown ceremony in his "Book of Rites", stipulating that men between the ages of 12 and 20 can perform the crown ceremony as long as their parents are not in mourning.