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There were two most famous hermits in the Three Kingdoms period, the first was Pang Degong, and the second was Guan Ning. Pen % fun % Pavilion www.biquge.info

【Pang Degong】

Pang Degong, the word is still long, a native of Xiangyang, Jingzhou, a famous scholar and hermit in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Pang Degong had close contacts with Xu Shu, Sima Hui, Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and others at that time. Later, Liu Biao, the assassin of Jingzhou, hoped that Pang Degong would come out, and even went to invite him in person, but it was unsuccessful.

According to the record of "Xiangyang Ji": Liu Biao, the assassin of Jingzhou, invited Pang Degong into the mansion several times, but Pang Degong did not bend to take office. So, Liu Biao personally went to hire Pang Degong. Liu Biao said to Pang Degong: "You have saved you alone, why don't you protect the world?" Pang Degong replied to Liu Biao with a smile: "The bird builds a nest on the high forest, there is a place to perch at night, the turtle turtle makes a hole under the abyss, and there is a home at night, and people's choices and behaviors are also people's nests, and everything is only for each to get a place to live, so the world is not what I want to preserve." ”

Pound was a farmer, so his wife and children worked in front of him. Liu Biao pointed to his family and asked Pang Degong: "Mr. lives in the fields and refuses to come out to be an official, what can he leave to his children and grandchildren?" Pang Degong replied: "The pursuit of fame and fortune by people in the world will only leave danger to their descendants; What I left to my children and grandchildren was to live and work in peace, but the things I left behind were different. ”

Liu Biao asked Pang Degong the reason for the danger, and Pang Degong replied: "Yao and Shun granted the land of the world to his courtiers without favoritism; Let his son live in the folk without a look of pride. Danzhu, Shang Jun and I were able to save their lives and die. Although Yu and Tang got the world, they handed over the country to their relatives, so that they were defeated and retreated, and migrated to Nanchao; The heads of the Zhou were hung from the Zhou banner, and their clan was captured by the enemy. Aren't Yu and Tang stupider than Danzhu and Shangjun? That's why it's in danger. When the Duke of Zhou was regent, he killed his brother. If Zhou Gong and his brothers had been allowed to eat shoddy soup and live under the basil, how could there be such harm! Liu Biao had to sigh and leave.

According to the "Biography of Sima Hui": Because someone said to Liu Biao: "Sima Decao is a stranger, but he has not met a confidant." Later, Liu Biao also went to visit Sima Hui in person, but said: "What people say is false, this person is just a little scholar, and his knowledge is the same as that of ordinary people." ”

Pang Degong once called Zhuge Liang "Wolong", Pang Tong as "Phoenix Chick", and Sima Hui as "Water Mirror", known as a knowledgeable person. He had a great influence on Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and others in their early years, and was respected by Zhuge Liang. Pang Degong finally lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain and ended up collecting medicine.

Pang Degong's son Pang Shanmin (also known as Pang Timin), later became an official to the Wei Huangmen Minister, and married Zhuge Liang's second sister as his wife. Grandson Pang Huan, the word Shiwen, the official to the Jin Dynasty is too guarded. From Zi Pang Tong, the word Shiyuan. Later, he became Liu Bei's advisor and served as a lieutenant general in the military division. Pang Lin, the younger brother of Pang Tong, was engaged in the governance of Shu Jingzhou, and later served as Wei Julu Taishou and was named the Marquis.

【Guan Ning】

Guan Ning, the word You'an. A native of Zhuxu County, Beihai County. In later generations, it was called "a dragon" together with Huaxin and Bingyuan. It is said that Guan Ning is a descendant of Guan Zhong, the famous minister of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period. He lost his father when he was sixteen years old, and his cousins took pity on him for his loneliness and poverty, and gave him funeral expenses. Guan Ning is eight feet tall as an adult, with a beautiful beard and eyebrows. He was friends with Hua Xin, a native of the plains, and Bing Yuan, a native of the same county, and went to other counties to study, and they all respected the friendly and famous Chen Yu.

According to the record of "The World Speaks New Words, Virtue First": Guan Ning and Hua Xin were plowing the ground and planting vegetables together, and when they saw a small piece of gold on the ground, Guan Ning ignored it and raised the hoe to hoe it, just like hoeing off the tiles and stones, but Hua Xin picked up the gold and threw it out. Another time, the two sat on the same seat to read, and a dignitary passed by the door in a car, Guan Ning continued to read, but Hua Xin put down the book and ran out to read. Guan Ning cut open the mat, separated the seats, and said, "You are not my friend. ”

After the chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, Guan Ning once crossed the sea with Bingyuan and Wang Lie, a plain man, to take refuge in Liaodong, when Gongsun Du and Gongsun Kang and others intended to recruit Guan Ning, but they could not speak, Cao Cao once recruited Guan Ning after serving as Sikong, but was cut off by Gongsun Kang and announced to Guan Ning.

In the fourth year of the early Huang dynasty (223), Emperor Cao Pi of Wei ordered the ministers of the government to recommend a hermit who traveled alone, Situ Huaxin recommended Guan Ning, and Cao Pi specially used an car to recruit him, Guan Ning then crossed the sea with his family and returned to Beihai County, and Gongsun Gong sent him to the southern suburbs and gave him double the gifts of clothing and utensils. Since Guan Ning crossed to the east, Gongsun Du, Gongsun Kang, and Gongsun Gong gave him the financial gifts before and after, and he accepted them and collected them. When they crossed to the west, they were all sealed and returned to the Gongsun clan. Emperor Wen issued an edict appointing Guan Ning as the doctor of Taizhong, but Guan Ning insisted on resigning and did not accept it.

After Emperor Ming succeeded to the throne, Hua Xin resigned due to illness and was willing to give up the post of Taiwei to Guan Ning, but Cao Rong did not agree. But he still issued an edict to recruit Guan Ning as Guangluxun. At that time, Sikong Chen Qun also recommended Guan Ning. However, Guan Ning still refused to be called.

Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Rui, the three generations of Cao Wei monarchs, recruited Guan Ning more than ten times in a row, but Guan Ning still did not want to be an official, Cao Rui felt helpless about this, and issued an order to the Qingzhou Assassin Shi to send Guan Ning to Luoyang. Guan Ning claimed to be reckless and refused. Later, Cao Rui asked Cheng Xiguanning, the assassin of Qingzhou, if he was selling his reputation and reputation, and Cheng Xi thought it was not.

In the second year of Zhengshi (241), the servant Tao Qiuyi, the Yongning Weiwei Meng Guan, the servant Sun Yong, the Zhongshu servant Wang Ji and others recommended Guan Ning to Cao Fang, and Cao Fang issued an edict to hire him with the etiquette of "Anche Pulun, Binding Silk and Seal", which coincided with Guan Ning's death at the age of eighty-four.

【Baume & Mercier & Hermit】

During the Three Kingdoms period, most of those celebrities and scholars went out to assist one party in order to make contributions, but there were always a few mavericks who were not interested in fame and fortune at all, among which Pang Degong and Guan Ning were typical representatives, that is, the so-called hermits.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, there were also five hermits, "Shangshan Sihao (Dongyuan Gong Tang Bing, Xia Huang Gong Cui Guang, Qili Ji Wu Shi, Lu Li Mr. Zhou Shu)" plus Huang Shi Gong, it can be said that the hermits have a long history in Chinese history.

Personally, when I grew up, I once had doubts about "Guan Ning's cutting of the seat", and I didn't believe that there were such indifferent people in the world, but Guan Ning had three generations of monarchs in Liaodong (Gongsun Du, Gongsun Kang and Gongsun Gong) in history who tried to win him over, and the four generations of kings of Cao Wei (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Rui and Cao Fang) invited him to come out, and in the end Guan Ning was indifferent, so I have no reason not to believe it.

ps: The next chapter begins with the end of Sima Yi, and after writing Sima Yi, I will start writing about Shu.