(288) The Effectiveness of the Experiment on Local Autonomy
The concerns that have always existed in Cai Ye's heart these days no longer exist.
Although Cai Ye was clear about Yang Shuoming's true intention of resigning from the post of border supervision office and abolishing the post of border defense supervision, and admired his courage and character very much, in his heart, out of the completion of his great cause of "nationalizing the army," he still did not want Yang Shuoming to leave the post of border supervision office.
But now, after learning about Yang Shuoming's arrangement, he has completely put his mind at ease.
In the Congress, with the support of teacher Liang Qichao and the help of Yang Shuoming, Cai Ye has the reason and confidence to end China's warlord era and put the country on the road of all-round development!
Cai Ye returned to the table and sat down, and at this time his eyes fell on a beautiful wooden gift box on the table, and he couldn't help but show a wry smile on his face.
Cai Ye took the gift box and opened it, what was placed inside was a beautifully carved short sword, the sword shape is the style of an antique Han sword, but it is much smaller, the hilt and the handguard are carved with dragon patterns, at first glance, this is a beautiful ceremonial sword, but in fact it is not.
Cai Ye picked up the short sword and looked at it again, at the junction of the sword body and the gauntlet, there was a delicate revolver-like roller with six small holes, and in the small holes, the copper-clad bullet was flashing with a faint light.
This short sword is actually a delicately crafted special gun.
This special gun was given to him by Yang Shuoming.
"In our China, only you, Yang Hanzhi, can think of making these things." Cai Yi smiled and said to himself. "You Yang Hanzhi really have a heart!"
In this room just now, Yang Shuoming not only gave himself such a "gun and sword", but also gave him a "watch gun" disguised as a pocket watch. These two "special-shaped guns" can be said to be tailor-made by Yang Shuoming for Cai Yi.
Cai Ye didn't know, in fact, the world is big, there are no surprises, and the huge firearm family is of course no exception, some guns because of their specific use, from the structure to the shape are very different from what people are usually familiar with, and some don't even see that it is a gun at all. And they are often associated with special targets, some of which are even the weapons of agents and spies on the covert front, which are rarely known to outsiders, and therefore appear even more mysterious.
Since the time when firearms were separated from the thermal weapons, special-shaped guns have come into being, and continue to develop together with the usual military and civilian firearms. There are many types of alien guns, because they have different users and targets, and the environment in which they are used includes almost all occasions of human activity, such as special weapons designed for spies with a strong emphasis on concealment, while civilian self-defense weapons tend to be lightweight, portable and decorative. Compared with the huge and complex types, the production of special-shaped guns is generally very small, and some are even unique products designed and manufactured separately for a certain purpose. At the same time, because of their special purpose, they often do not indicate the age and manufacturer of the manufacture like other firearms, and many of them cannot even identify the exact model. But in any case, by now, China's special-shaped guns, under the impetus of Yang Shuoming, have developed into a large ethnic group, and now they are roughly divided into four categories: camouflage guns, dagger guns, ultra-miniature guns, and special guns.
Camouflage guns are usually disguised by the appearance of common objects around them to conceal and paralyze opponents. At the same time, it is also the main force in the special-shaped gun family, with the largest variety, almost all daily necessities may be used as their camouflage, such as cigarette cases, wallets, pens, flashlights, padlocks, cameras, pipes, canes, crutches, umbrellas, briefcases, etc., and some small items, such as lipstick, lighters, belt buckles and even a door key, may also become a hiding place for the special-shaped gun.
Like the two special-shaped guns that Yang Shuoming gave to Xu Shichang just now, one was made into a walking stick, and the other was made into a brush.
Cai Ye played with the "gun and sword" in his hand, recalling the scene when he was assassinated at home a few days ago, and his face couldn't help but show resentment.
Although with the assistance of the guards, all the gangsters who came to assassinate were killed, and Cai himself was safe and sound, but Cai's wife and children were greatly frightened, and two guards and three servants of Cai's house (two men and one woman) were shot and killed on the spot to protect them. And what especially made Cai Ye angry was that on the same day, Yun Jiban's little phoenix was also assassinated.
As soon as she thought of the innocent and tragic death of the young girl, Cai Ye's heart was as uncomfortable as a knife.
Cai Ye knew that if it weren't for the other party's desire to hit herself with this matter, she wouldn't have died at all.
Xiao Fengxian's blood, coupled with a series of events that happened before, made the current Cai Yi have a fairly clear understanding of the conspiracy and true face of the cloth party.
Cai Ye checked the "spear and sword" in his hand, then took off the saber he had been wearing and put the sword on his body. After putting on his sword, he tried to draw his sword and aim again, and then returned to his desk and began to work on the papers on the table.
Jiangxi, Nanchang, Jiangxi Governor's Office.
"Why don't you rest?"
Tang Jing, who was writing a letter, turned his head and saw Mrs. Tang draped a piece of clothing on his body, and his heart couldn't help but feel a warm current, he smiled, put down the pen in his hand, and gently held the delicate and delicate thorn she put on his shoulder.
Mrs. Tang gently wrapped her arms around his neck and casually looked at the letter on the table.
"It's written for Yang Hanzhi? My Overseer? Mrs. Tang asked with a smile, with a hint of banter in her words and a pride that could not be concealed.
The current Tang Jing has been promoted from a small town guard to the overseer in charge of a province (after the fall of Yuan Shikai's Hongxian Empire, the provincial generals changed the name of the overseer back).
Tang Jing nodded and shook her fingers.
"Yang Hanzhi's border supervision is going to be removed, is there someone in Beijing who is secretly doing evil?" Mrs. Tang tilted her head slightly, glanced at the contents of the letter a few times, and asked, "Are you trying to persuade him not to resign?" ”
"No, the resignation was requested by himself, and I know what he is for." Tang Jing shook his head and said.
"You are really his confidant of Yang Hanzhi." Mrs. Tang said with a smile, "From the day he went to Tianyun Mountain, I had this premonition. ”
"Although I don't approve of him leaving, I think it is unjustifiable to do this with his surname and no backhand, so I am not worried about him doing this." Tang Jing said, "Because up to now, he really hasn't missed it." ”
"So what do you write to him for? Is it to ask for instructions and report, or to show loyalty? Mrs. Tang asked jokingly.
"No, this letter is actually about local self-government." Tang Jing stretched out a hand to pick up the letter and handed it to his wife, "This local autonomy has always been a matter of concern to him. ”
"Autonomy? Does he want to practice autonomy like Hunan in Jiangxi? Mrs. Tang was slightly stunned and asked.
"The situation in Hunan does not apply to Jiangxi and other provinces, and not all provinces in China can be autonomous now." "I think he understands this, and since he cares so much about the effectiveness of self-government, I feel the need to tell him what I see and what I think." ”
Listening to her husband's words, Mrs. Tang's brows frowned slightly, and she took the letter and read it carefully.
“…… Since the late Qing Dynasty, 'local autonomy' has been an extremely popular political trend among the people, and whether it is constitutionalism, revolutionary parties, or other social organizations, they all have a strong interest in 'local autonomy'. Liang Rengong once said: "Taking local autonomy as the foundation of the country can be described as the great plain of deep political art, and the most urgent task of China today", and the foundation of a country's politics lies in local autonomy. Local self-government is the cornerstone of the country, and if the foundation is not strong, the country will not be solid. ”
"As you often say, if you want to achieve a national open cooking; Its path is military government, discipline government, constitutionalism; The only important policy in the period of discipline and government, that is, 'local self-government', was based on the mode of county autonomy, that is, the county was divided into county autonomy with the county as the basic unit, and the military and political axe granted local autonomy to the people, and since the era of taking charge of state affairs, the local autonomy was vested in the people of the place, and the members of the local council and the magistrates were elected by the people. ”
When talking about the political system, Jun once said: The city, town, and village organization of the city are very sound. It is said that the strength of the book is not stronger than its strong armor and sharp soldiers, but stronger than the soundness of its local organization. To examine the local political system, it is best to look at their local self-government. However, their kind of local autonomy and the atmosphere of official rule are very strong, which does not meet the requirements of populism and national politics. ”
"After the exercise of autonomy in Hunan, or in order to prevent the secession of the autonomous province and the splitting of national sovereignty, the first emphasis was placed on the county as the autonomous unit, and then the civil rights were entrusted, and the sovereignty was in the people, so that it would not become an empty letter. There are three reasons for this argument: First, the county is an autonomous unit, so the government is transferred to the rule of the people. If it is not possible now, the central and provincial governments will still maintain their official status, [***] old habits, how can they be broken? Second, there is nothing more important to the people than within a county, and the county autonomy has not yet been trained, so it is no wonder that the central government and the province are ignorant and do not know what to do. Third, population inventory and household registration are the top priorities of county autonomy. Now that the matter has been done, then the election can be spoken. Now the order is reversed, then the so-called election is suitable for the inferior gentry, and the shortcut for local tyrants to seek official positions is no wonder that there is election fraud, everywhere. Fourth, if the people have county autonomy as a basis, they can participate in state affairs, which is more than enough, which is not contrary to the doctrine that the elements form a group. If it is not as good as this, then the people will lose the basis for their participation in state affairs, and it is no wonder that state affairs are indulged in the hands of military men and bureaucrats. ”
In other words, during the period of political training, the political axe faction used to train those who had passed the examination to go to the counties to assist the people in preparing for self-government. The extent of this is clear from the census of the whole county, the completion of the survey of the land of the county, the proper management of the county's guards, the successful construction of roads in all directions, and the fact that its people have been trained in the use of the four powers to fulfill their national duties, and who swear to be revolutionaries, may elect county officials to carry out the affairs of a county, and may elect councillors to establish the laws of a county, and become a county of complete self-government. ”
Is that really the case? Answer: Definitely! Since the rise of the local autonomy movement in Hunan and the success of the Great Rule, a number of provinces have followed suit by setting up preparatory offices for self-government. This is the case in Jiangxi, where an autonomous personnel training center was set up to train personnel on a large scale for about several years. Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province, also carried out local autonomy and set up a village governance and education center; In Zhejiang, local autonomous vocational schools have been established. All of these are modeled after Hunan, but some are made from the province and some from the county. In addition to Jiangning County, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian also run local autonomy, and a fixed number of counties are national model counties, with a large amount of money, and many virtuous people have been sent to prepare for it. But today, no matter what is done from the county or from the province, there are those who have succeeded and those who have failed. The self-government organs of the failed localities were abolished, and only the abolition was heard, and no objection was heard to the abolition; There is no one to regret after the cancellation. To sum up, the reason is that the things they have done are just fund-raising, formulating regulations, establishing organs, and revitalizing personnel, and the personnel are all over by throwing false funds! ”
"Jing et al. have examined this situation in many ways, and even the places where autonomy has failed, most of them are natural disasters for many years, and the people are not able to make a living, and the illiterate people of the local people account for about seventy or eighty percent, and the establishment of organs here, talking about autonomy, is tantamount to the opposite direction, contrary to the opposite, and its preparation for local autonomy has no legal organization, and it is divided into its own affairs, and it is mostly entrusted to the hands of local officials and gentry, and it is fragmented and has no name in fact, and as a result, the larger the organization of autonomy, the more powerful the control, the more the cost of autonomy, and the heavier the burden of the people, it is called autonomy. It's self-chaos. ”
"General Gu (Gu Pinzhen), who was in charge of Yungui, also wrote a letter to inform him that our province is self-reliant on agriculture, and more than 70 percent of the province's population is dependent on agriculture, and the peasants are all scattered in the countryside, so the basis of autonomy lies in the countryside. In recent years, due to the impact of natural disasters, not only remote areas and rural areas in the disaster areas of bandit areas have been on the verge of bankruptcy, but the people have not succeeded in saving their lives, that is, the so-called rich areas, the order has not been destroyed, and there is also a precarious situation, life cannot be stable, and it is difficult to feel interested in the cause of self-government. ”
"The so-called local tyrants and inferior gentry refer to the fact that ordinary people in the countryside are cowardly and bullied, and one or two people are self-indulgent; But it's not a matter of someone's character. Cracking tobacco and gambling and fines, the military and police agencies do it, and the disaster is still small; The self-government organs have done great harm. The prohibition of smoking and gambling is admittedly best done by local self-government; However, if the autonomous region office can also crack the cigarette gambling and impose fines at will, it will be an excellent opportunity to form a local tyrant and inferior gentry. The villagers are ignorant and cowardly, which is a socio-economic problem and a cultural problem; Fundamentally speaking, non-economic progress and cultural elevation cannot exempt the local tyrants from the fact that they are inferior to the gentry. However, if they are allowed to live a casual and peaceful life in the spirit of thousands of years of inaction, there may not be many local tyrants and inferior gentry. What I am afraid of is that if we insist on self-government because we can't talk about autonomy at all, then there will be no local tyrants and inferior gentry, and we will also create local tyrants and inferior gentry. Please imagine: the villagers who are easily oppressed; to assign them to a region, and to install an organ connected with the local government, which at all times gives them orders to compel them to do the same, and can force them to donate more money and punish them for a crime (such as smoking and gambling); This is simply to create an opportunity for the local tyrant and inferior gentry, so that he can officially obtain legal status, and the common people will not be able to speak. It's not just that he is given legal status; and gave him a lot of famous topics that could be pretended, and gave him strength. ”
"The success of Hunan's autonomy is due to its developed economy, the new policy is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and the people do not want Hunan to be a contest between the northern and southern forces, and have a strong demand for autonomy. However, in places where there is no autonomy at all and there are no conditions for self-government, and to insist on self-government is tantamount to encouraging the growth of seedlings, which is not only unhelpful, but also very harmful. ”
"In the future, the implementation of local autonomy will depend on what Jing et al. have seen, and in the current reality of China, those who have aspirations for autonomy can be helped to exercise autonomy, while those who do not have aspirations, or whose local economy and culture have not reached a sufficient level, cannot arbitrarily exercise autonomy. This is true for villages and counties, and it is also true for provinces. The provinces that can be autonomous should be constitutionally autonomous, and the provinces that are not suitable for autonomy should be provinces directly under the central government, and the coexistence of autonomous provinces and directly administered provinces should be suitable for China at present. ”
After Mrs. Tang read the letter, her brows became relaxed.
"You're right," she said with a smile, "If you send this letter, I guess he, Yang Hanzhi, will break out in a cold sweat." ”
In the view of Tang Jing and others, the "local autonomy" practiced by some provinces other than Hunan is just a kind of "all-encompassing" -- that is, an autonomy movement unilaterally led by the political axe when the people at the bottom do not have "autonomy demands" in their hearts. Such a result is difficult to get the echo of the people at the bottom, let alone the supervision of the people at the bottom; Eventually, these institutions of self-government will invariably degenerate into institutions of power, from enlightening the masses to oppressing them. The reason why Hunan was able to achieve great success in implementing local autonomy after "expelling Zhang Tang" is that "autonomy" is the endogenous and active demand of the Hunan people, who are demanding autonomy, supervising the implementation of autonomy by the provincial government, and actively participating in the election campaign to participate in autonomy.
At present, the economic situation of China's provinces has been greatly improved, but the living standards of the people in each province are quite different, and the people's livelihood in some places cannot be compared with that of economically developed provinces, and the conditions for implementing local autonomy are far from being met. Compared with Yang Shuoming, who is currently far away in Yanjing, Tang Jing has a better understanding of the situation in this province and surrounding provinces. He has summed up valuable lessons from the failed "local autonomy" movement in other provinces: first, "county autonomy" is a good thing, but the current conditions are not enough and it has not been done well, and it should be done; second, the open boil can't wait, let alone hope for "arrangement"; Even if there are groups and regimes that are willing to "do the cooking", if there is no endogenous demand from the people, the result may not be much better than the original.
"He's finally made a mistake this time, let me correct it for him." Tang Jing said with a smile.
"You're finally no longer the 'King of the Mountain' now." Mrs. Tang put down the letter, looked at Tang Jing, and said softly.
(To be continued)