readx; T4 and T5 are both American parachutes from the early days of World War II. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

The T4 was the world's first military parachute that could be used in the longitudinal direction of the parachute, but it had a significant drawback: the bag was too large and too heavy. The T5 wing has improved its structure and material, and is much lighter, but because of its smaller surface and faster descending speed, it has higher requirements for paratroopers' longitudinal skills and landing maneuvers.

Among the students in the "preparatory class", Cai Yuanfei was one of the people who had the most parachute jumps, jumping 16 times in a week, and the results were "excellent" each time, and he successfully obtained the "paratrooper badge". However, after the prescribed moves, the American advisers encouraged everyone to jump the "backup parachute," which inevitably made the paratroopers feel a little frightened.

The structure of the T5 parachute is lightweight, and the paratroopers still have the spare energy and space to add other equipment after carrying the parachute bag. Thus, the T5 was the first military parachute in the world capable of carrying a backup parachute. Logically speaking, the backup umbrella is a life-saving equipment after the failure of the main umbrella, but in fact, the umbrella surface of the backup umbrella is smaller, the structure is simpler, and it completely relies on manual opening and throwing of the umbrella, which requires extremely high skills to make a mistake, and it will be finished if there is a slight mistake.

At that time, including American paratroopers, they used forced hook jumps to fight. However, several US military advisers believe that the use of manual parachutes to carry out airborne landing can reduce the altitude of the airborne and enter the battlefield more quickly, so they suggest that everyone master this "advanced means of warfare" -- although this theory sounds good, it is very difficult to practice. The faster you enter the battlefield, the faster you die, so Lao Tzu won't do it. ”

The effect of encouraging mobilization was not obvious, and the American instructors decided to take matters into their own hands. They boarded the plane for a demonstration and let the Chinese soldiers sit on the grass to watch the effect

The C47 circled over the airport a few times, and after a while, ten black dots jumped out of the plane, and the landing speed was indeed fast without using the main parachute. However, one of them was too fast, and he fell freely, and with a "bang" he smashed a cloud of smoke and dust on the ground, and fell miserably.

At this moment, the people watching the scene were even more frightened, and even the US military advisers felt very embarrassed and did not dare to encourage the Chinese soldiers to play stunts anymore.

Commander Ma Shigong noticed that the atmosphere was not right, so he walked up to the Yankees and looked casual: "It is inevitable that there will be accidents during this training, and we as soldiers are always facing danger. Then he pointed to the cadets of the preparatory class and said, "Ten officers here, get on the plane and practice." ”

Among the officers of the entire paratrooper corps, it is estimated that only Commander Ma himself did not jump the parachute, but now he has come out to say something about "facing danger head-on." It is really not a backache to stand and talk. But people are commanders, and what they say must be carried out. The whole team sent ten people, and a "meritorious unit" like the second paratrooper team must make a part no matter what, Cai Yuanfei looked at the captain of Liu Shengheng and found that he was looking at himself with eager and enthusiastic eyes, and he had no choice but to grit his teeth and go out: "Okay!" I'll go on it."

Draped in gear, with a main umbrella on his back and a backup umbrella on his chest. The ten unlucky ones who climbed into the cabin were silent, silently memorizing the procedure.

The plane circled around the sky a few times, and the yellow light came on. The American adviser said that everyone could choose to parachute either a mandatory or backup parachute jump, and he agreed with either decision -- as soon as the words ended, four people immediately hung up the hook.

Cai Yuanfei hesitated for a moment and didn't touch the hook, because he saw that Li Xing and Mo Yongcong were both sitting and didn't move.

Li Xing, a student of the Department of Geography and Meteorology of Southwest Associated University, and Mo Yongcong, a graduate of the Department of Physical Education of Central University, have similar experiences to Cai Yuanfei, and are also competitors in the preparatory class. The three student officers were fighting each other, and they insisted on comparing whose courage was greater.

The green light came on, and the person without the hook jumped out first.

As soon as he left the hatch, Cai Yuanfei tried to remind himself to stay calm and try his best to adjust his body's balance. But this is not an easy thing to do, people are tumbling in the air, falling freely, and they don't even know where their hands are. After tossing for a long time, Cai Yuanfei finally untied the strap and unloaded the main umbrella bag from his body. This is due to the fact that the early backup umbrella was structurally imperfect, and if the main umbrella was not thrown away first, the auxiliary wing would be whipped and entangled with the main parachute line, causing the backup wing to break or lose its function.

However, the action of throwing the main umbrella took too much time. Cai Yuanfei was a little anxious: "I don't know if I have enough time to open the parachute?" ”

The longer the fall, the greater the parachute opening speed. On the one hand, the opening speed of the parachute is conducive to the rapid deployment of the parachute, but on the other hand, it also increases the pressure of the air on the surface of the parachute. Therefore, the later the parachute is opened, the higher the technical requirements for the paratroopers.

After putting aside the main umbrella, Cai Yuanfei reached out to grab the pull ring of the auxiliary umbrella.

"Grab the pull ring, pull open the safety lock pin along the side and rear direction, and after confirming that the backup umbrella has been pulled out, throw it in the downwind direction" Cai Yuanfei muttered to himself while silently reciting the procedure: "The ghost only knows which side is the tailwind, I can't even figure out the southeast, northwest, southeast, northwest." ”

The terrible cold wind came to his face, stabbing Cai Yuanfei and couldn't open his eyes. By his senses, he knew that his descent speed at this time had exceeded thirty meters, that is, the height of a hundred meters falling every three seconds.

"Open the umbrella, hurry up and open the umbrella, you must open the umbrella above 150 meters, otherwise you will die." Cai Yuanfei closed his eyes and fumbled around his body - but at this moment, he found that the pull ring of the auxiliary umbrella was missing!

Throwing away the main umbrella bag, Cai Yuanfei immediately went to grab the auxiliary umbrella pull ring, but his right hand groped around his chest, but he couldn't find the life-saving mechanism.

The shape of the backup umbrella bag is a bit like a Western-style envelope, the wrapper is folded from all sides, and a pull tab is installed in the middle, as long as the lock pin is removed and the pull tab is pulled, the auxiliary umbrella can be pulled out. The secondary umbrella bag is much smaller in size than the main umbrella and is tied to the chest with a cross strap. Normally, the right hand touches the belly, just enough to grasp the pull tab. But the problem is that the T5 parachute and the backup parachute are designed according to the bust of the Yankees, while the Chinese soldiers are small, narrow-shouldered, and so thin that the front chest is close to the back, and the cross belt becomes loose and baggy when hung on the body. Cai Yuanfei was wearing this thing for the first time, and he was inexperienced, and after a few flips in the air, the small umbrella bag slipped behind the left armpit - he closed his eyes and touched it with his right hand, where could he touch it.

Reaching out and grabbing the air, Cai Yuanfei was frightened into a cold sweat, his heart was in a hurry, and his eyes opened. Looking down, I found that the cross strap was still on my body, and I hurriedly pulled it down along the belt, and then I found the deadly pull ring.

As soon as he tore off the lock pin, he didn't care whether the wind was good or not, he pulled out the umbrella and threw it out.

Theoretically, throwing an umbrella against the wind, the umbrella suit is likely to be blown back to him, but Cai Yuanfei's current falling speed is too fast, and the wind on the side has become irrelevant. The umbrella broke free from the package and slid across his arm, whizzing upwards. Soon, a huge force grabbed Cai Paratrooper violently, and the strong vibration caused his internal organs to shift, and he almost didn't vomit.

Compared with the main umbrella, the umbrella surface of the backup umbrella is smaller, and the stable surname and the longitudinal surname are also relatively poor, and the parachute rope and sling are still shaking after the umbrella is opened. A few seconds later, before Cai Yuanfei could adjust his landing attitude, he threw himself into the paddy field.

Fortunately, the paddy field had just been ploughed, and the soil was relatively soft, and Cai paratroopers turned over a few times, although they fell to the ground, they did not hurt their muscles and bones. He sat in the mud, his mind was still very clear, first cut the parachute rope with a paratrooper knife according to the procedure, left the auxiliary parachute at the landing site, and then climbed up the ridge to look up, only to realize that he was actually the first to land.

After a while, the instructor came running in a jeep, and the Yankees were elated, giving a thumbs up and shouting: "Excellent!" Great! "Praise the Chinese paratroopers for their superb skills.

"Humph! Whatever you want, anyway, Lao Tzu will not dance a second time." Cai Yuanfei made up his mind no longer to pretend to be a hero. However, the Americans were also smart and knew how to accept what they saw, and from then on, they never mentioned the matter of backing up the parachute -- therefore, until 1949, only six members of the "preparatory class for studying in the United States" of the entire paratrooper corps had the qualifications to open the parachute manually, including Cai Yuanfei.

Speaking of which, this training camp at the end of 1945 was the last mission before the disbandment of the 14th Air Force of the United States. The T5 parachute, the backup parachute, and this skydiving training are all related to the "Lend-Lease Act".

The "Lend-Lease Act" was an alliance treaty during the Anti-Japanese War, the core content of which was that the United States provided 30 divisions of weapons and equipment and training guidance to the Chinese squadron. This plan began to be implemented in 1943, and just after equipping 20 divisions, it was said that it had surrendered. Logically speaking, the bill should be repealed after the end of the war, but China and the United States have also concluded an "agreement on the disposal of Lend-Lease Act materials" to continue to provide Chinese political axes with military supplies that have not yet been delivered. What is the total amount of U.S. aid equipment? Some say that there are 30 divisions and 39 divisions, and some say that there are 45 divisions and 64 divisions, and even the Kuomintang itself has not reached a conclusion. The reason for this is unclear is mainly due to the fact that there is no clear plan for the distribution of supplies in [***], which is usually the result of factional struggles. Therefore, in addition to a small number of "all-American mechanics," there are also many "half-American mechanics," and those "half-American" units have different standards of weaponry and different quantities, which is very confusing, and it is difficult to determine whether they are truly "American-style equipment" or not.

Of course, no matter how you count it, the paratrooper unit should belong to the authentic "all-American weapon". But then again, "All-American Machinery" also has the difficulties of "All-American Machinery".

The first is the high overhead. The instructors of the US military are not Bethune, and they have to be paid for their work. The "service allowance" for each time they get on a plane is $50, and the Chinese officers and men are $2, and the one-month training course alone costs more than $40,000. Moreover, spending money does not necessarily mean that you will get good things. For example, the more advanced parachute at that time was the T7 type, but the Americans were only willing to provide the T5. The paratroopers needed a 400-watt high-power radio transmitter, and they were reluctant to give it, so in the end, it was through Ms. Jiang Song Meiling who personally said good things that they got one from the 14th Air Force.

During the "Lend-Lease Act" during the Anti-Japanese War, the weapons provided by the Americans were all brand new, but after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, most of the equipment transferred by the "Lend-Lease Material Agreement" was old and defective -- the cannons were not equipped with shells, the combat vehicles had no accessories, the bolts of machine guns were often broken, and cars and airplanes had to be repaired before they could be used. At the airport, not a single advanced fighter such as the B29 was given, and the B24 and B25 that were in better condition all flew away, leaving mainly C46 and C47 transport planes.

"Lending" such "new equipment" immediately needs to be repaired, but the machinery and equipment and various accessories are piled up in the US military warehouse, and it is necessary to spend additional money to buy them.

The US military base has a large amount of surplus materials stored, including fuel, ammunition, bedding, machinery and equipment, spare parts, various types of generators and electric motors, and even cooking utensils, brand-new pots and pans, and tin stoves are piled up like a mountain that cannot be pulled by dozens of trucks.

These things were all airlifted from the other side of the Pacific, and it is not cost-effective to ship them back now, so the Americans are thinking about selling them to the Chinese political axe. At the beginning, the national government was picky and the offer was very low. The Americans were angry, so they poured gasoline on the equipment and materials, set fire to a lot of them. There are dozens of military mules at the Kunming radar station, which are usually raised by the Chinese people, and when the American soldiers leave, they first pay off the landlord's forage money, and then shoot the mules twice in the head -- this is really immoral enough.

After tossing and turning for a while, the national government had no choice but to admit it, sign a "surplus material purchase agreement", and buy all the surplus materials worth 900 million () at a price of 170 million US dollars.

The deal may seem like a bargain, but when you calculate it carefully, it doesn't necessarily mean that the "surplus supplies" are actually American foreign garbage, and in addition to spare parts for ships, automobiles, and airplanes, more milk, cigarettes, and expired canned fruit. Tens of thousands of tons of American cement were piled up at the Nanjing wharf, which was the remaining material for the Saipan base, which had already failed when it was transported, and then it was taken to repair the fortifications, and the communist shells fell next to the position, and the concrete pillboxes were shattered. These "foreign rags" flooded the Chinese market, made China's political axe owe a lot of foreign debts, and made China's political situation more and more chaotic, but did not help the lives of the Chinese people. From this time on, the common people did not have a good impression of the Americans, and felt that these foreign big noses were forgetful of their interests and righteousness, and they were all like the tyrants of the merchants, full of imperialism. As a result, anti-American slogans began to appear on the streets of Kunming -- "GoHomeyankee!" "USA go back! ”

However, at this time, Cai Yuanfei did not have any anti-American consciousness. At the time, he was looking forward to studying abroad and was interested in the American way of life.

There is a Xiaodong Street in Kunming, which is a famous prosperous area, and there is a "Nanping Cinema" on the street, which specializes in showing Hollywood blockbusters. At that time, American movies were all "soundtracks" and there were no subtitles, so the theater arranged for two interpreters, a man and a woman, to hold the microphone for synchronous commentary.

One day in January 1946, Cai Yuanfei went to Xiaodong Street to watch "Hibiscus Out of the Water", which was a popular film at that time, and the movie theater was crowded with people. While the male protagonist was playing on the screen, the female translator of the theater suddenly shouted loudly on the loudspeaker: "Mr. Cai Yuanfei, please go out immediately!" ”

Second Lieutenant Cai was suddenly very depressed: "What does it matter to me that the Americans are doing amorous deeds?" ”

I walked to the door in a daze, but saw Captain Liu Shengheng sitting in the jeep and laughing: "Go home quickly, Meng Jiangnu is here to cry the Great Wall, you are still here out of the water Hibiscus", a look of schadenfreude.

It turned out that this was the way it happened.

Cai Yuanfei has a fiancée in his hometown in Zunyi, the girl's surname is Chen, and her father and Cai Shichao are good friends, and the two families have been married very early. Although Cai Xiaogang knew about this marriage contract, he never took it to heart, not only did he not discuss it with others when he dropped out of school to join the army, but he also did not write a letter to others after becoming a soldier, so he forgot about this matter at all.

Brother Cai went to the front line to fight, and Sister Chen waited for her lover at home. But when the Anti-Japanese War was won, he didn't see his fiancé come back, but heard that he had applied for some "preparatory class", and he was about to go to the United States. The eldest girl suddenly felt that the situation was not good: "This paratrooper is already troublesome enough to fly around all day long, if he flies to the United States again, how can he find it back?" In a hurry, I chased to Kunming with the address.

When I arrived in Kunming City, I saw American posters full of eyes, and the women in the pictures were bare-chested and exposed; Seeing the American soldiers all over the street, and the charming "jeep girl" sitting in the car, Chen's fiancée, was even more panicked: "It's so ridiculous in Kunming, how can you get it to the United States?" So when he entered the barracks, he began to cry, and Lieutenant Colonel Jiang Jian was at a loss for crying, so he had to make a military order: "This captain must let Xiao Cai marry you, and never let him go to the United States without getting married first!" ”

So, when the "Cai students" returned to the barracks, Captain Jiang Jian had already completed the vacation procedures. The commander ordered Second Lieutenant Cai Yuanfei to go home immediately to marry his daughter-in-law, "Don't return to the team until the marriage is completed!" In this way, in the Spring Festival of 1946, Cai Yuanfei became a married man - in the years that followed, Mr. Cai never regretted that he married a smart and resolute wife, he just complained a little bit that Liu Shengheng did not let him finish watching "Hibiscus Out of the Water", "so much so that I don't know the ending of the movie for decades."

During the marriage leave, Cai Yuanfei lived in Zunyi for 40 days. He didn't feel particularly happy when he was newly married Yan'er.

Father Cai Shichao was dissatisfied with the current situation, slapped the table at every turn and lost his temper, and even felt unpleasant when he saw his son's American-style military uniform: "You can't be self-reliant without self-esteem, a country that relies on other people's assistance can't become a strong country, and the army wearing foreign clothes is too unambitious!" ”

Sister Cai Zhizhi also looked very depressed. There were rumors that when the brother-in-law of the receiver was outside to "receive" a woman, the news made her uneasy all day.

The second brother Cai Zhiren married a Suzhou woman, and the new daughter-in-law looks very beautiful from the photos, but I don't know what her fate is? Cai's mother was very worried about this matter, and found several fortune tellers to study this topic, but the results did not seem to be ideal, and what made the mother feel even more sad was that the bones of the eldest son Cai Zhiming had not been found, and the younger daughter Cai Zhilan had not been found. At that time, the family thought that most of the sisters were gone, but only when the mother firmly believed in their own intuition: "My sister must still be alive, she has encountered some difficulties and cannot come back." "The war that has just passed has made the originally prosperous and healthy life more and more embarrassing, and it has also caused the originally prosperous family to fall apart. And now, another war is coming, and the future prospects make Cai Yuanfei worried.

In March 1946, the paratrooper corps moved to Nanjing, and the establishment of the unit also underwent great changes.

At this time, because He Yingqin's "Army General Headquarters" was abolished, the paratroop unit was placed under the leadership of the Air Force Command, and the name was changed from "Army Assault Corps" to "Air Force Paratroop Corps."

The paratrooper corps was reorganized, the original 20 units were merged into four brigades and a supplementary unit, a large number of infantry officers were recruited, and major changes were made in the command of the troops. The officers in charge of the various brigades were all newly transferred faces, none of them knew how to parachute, and they had no experience in airborne operations, while the officers trained during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression could only serve as deputy positions, and some were even transferred out of the paratrooper unit -- Cai Yuanfei never quite understood why Commander Ma Shigong did this, because the consequence of this move was completely subversive: the chief officer did not understand the business, and the paratrooper corps lost the ability to parachute into combat, and from then on it changed from a special force to an ordinary lightly armed motorized unit. After the reorganization of the paratroopers, Cai Yuanfei was assigned to the staff office of the corps, and his post was attached to the third staff section. The General Staff Office of the Corps has a total of four sections, the second section is responsible for intelligence and the third section is responsible for operations. The reason for this arrangement is that the direction of further study for students studying in the United States is "staff business", and they must have more than one year of staff experience before studying abroad.

Therefore, the "list of attached personnel" of the General Staff Office has also become the roster of the preparatory class for studying in the United States, and if anyone is sent to a grass-roots unit to serve as a leading officer, it means that he has been eliminated

The headquarters of the paratrooper corps was set up at a fork in the road on the outskirts of Nanjing, and more than 40 "staff officers" gathered in the staff office, but in fact there was nothing to do. If the work is too leisurely, the staff officers will not do their job. In order to welcome the "National Assembly", a group of people drummed up a song of "New China Paratroopers", which later became [***] "March of the Paratroopers". Moreover, Cai Yuanfei and the others were also seconded by the "Three Youth League" and did some messy things.

Nanjing in March 1946 was very different from when the surrender ceremony was held.

In September 1945, one hundred fiat dollars could buy two chickens, but in January 1946, they could only buy two eggs, and in March they were only enough to buy two briquettes.

At this time, various mass movements were held every day in the city of Nanjing, some of which were mainly composed of citizens and some of which were mainly composed of students.

The main purpose of the citizens' riots is to "fight unemployment".

During the occupation, there were more than 600 large and small factories in Nanjing, although these enterprises had false surnames to varying degrees, but the employees were Chinese, the workshops were also on the ground in China, and after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, production could be resumed with a little rectification. However, the Kuomintang received senior personnel from all over the world, and the act of "receiving" was as unplanned as a robbery, this one collects warehouses and that one collects raw materials, moving machinery today, cutting cables tomorrow, and there is even a joke that "one car receives five people" (one person receives the body, and the other four receive the wheels of the car). After such a toss, the good factories were demolished, and less than 100 were able to resume operation in the end. Most of the workers in Nanjing were forced to lose their jobs, and the citizens who had no way to survive had to take the road of protest and struggle.

And the students made trouble for the sake of "anti-screening".

After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the real "National Central University" returned, and the Kuomintang revoked the "puppet university" and renamed it "Nanjing Provisional University," and did not recognize the student status of the "puppet university" -- the method of "screening" was to take examinations, and to take the basic course to make up for English, and for the political class to take Chiang Kai-shek's "The Fate of China" for the political course, and only after passing the examination could they re-enter the school. The "pseudo-students" in Nanjing quit doing it, they marched and demonstrated, went on hunger strike, resolutely refused to participate in the "screening" examination, and put forward-for-tat: "The responsibility for the loss of the capital is not on the students, and the object of the examination should be the officials of the political axe." ”

In March 1946, Guan Linzheng, the former "commander of the Kunming garrison", was reporting on his work in Nanjing. A bloody case "lost his errand and is waiting to accept a new appointment." At this time, he probably hoped that he would "fall from where he would get up again." When General Guan saw the Nanjing students making trouble, he actually decided to personally go to the campus to give lectures and carry out ideological work.

Walking into Chung-Ang University, students are assembling. As soon as everyone saw this general in cloak and riding boots, they let out bursts of boos, and when they heard that he was the culprit of the "Kunming Bloody Case", they were even more scolded. When he was in Kunming, he opened his mouth and said that "students have the freedom to demonstrate, and those who serve as soldiers have the freedom to shoot." As a result, he was driven out of Yunnan, and now at the Central University, he stepped onto the podium and said: "Dealing with you students is really more troublesome than dealing with 100,000 enemies," and he also said, "You students have one mouth, and what is unreasonable becomes reasonable"

Where are the students willing to eat this set, they immediately shouted in groups: "Our students are reasonable, and you, the executioner of [***], are the real strong words", and then the slogans were deafening, and Guan Linzheng was dumbfounded, and he really became "red-faced Guan Gong", and finally had to jump off the podium and run away.

The allusion of "Guan Tie's fist defeated the university campus" became a joke in the capital for a while, and Chairman Jiang was helpless: "Guan Yudong's politics is a weakness", but it didn't take long for the old Jiang to appoint Guan Linzheng as the director of education of the Central University, I really don't know what he thinks.

When Guan Lin went to Central University, Cai Yuanfei and the others were also present, but after Commander Guan was coaxed away, the paratrooper officer did not leave. The college students shouted at them: "Get out of the school!" Cai Yuanfei reported the names of his original school, major, grade and teacher, and said: "We are soldiers and students, we are all Chinese youth, we can always sit down and communicate", and the students did not coax.

Although I can't coax, I still can't communicate.

Cai Yuanfei's "persuasion" was a student at the School of Engineering, and he explained that he had also taken English and "The Fate of China" when he was admitted to the university in the rear, so the "screening examination" was not a big deal. However, the representatives of the student association believe that the essence of the "screening and trial" is an insult to the youth of the occupied areas, and that this unfair treatment must be abolished and incompetent education officials must be replaced.

Cai Yuanfei: They came to the campus to "light the fire".

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Northeast was under the control of the Soviet army. According to the provisions of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty, the Soviet troops should hand over the northeast region to the central government in Nanjing, and complete the withdrawal by December 1, 1945, but until 1946, the Soviets showed no sign of withdrawal.

In mid-January 1946, eight officers of the "Northeast Camp" were shot dead by soldiers of the Northeast Mingzhuo Coalition Army in Fushun. This incident caused a sensation throughout the country, and for a time, the call for the Soviet Union to "restrain [***] arms" and demand that the Soviet Union withdraw its troops became louder and louder. In February, China [***] issued a "Four Proposals on the Northeast Question," demanding that the Nationalist Political Axe "recognize the Northeast Ming Cooking Army" and "limit the number of political axe troops entering the Northeast," but did not demand that Soviet troops withdraw from the Northeast -- which provided a pretext for the later "anti-Soviet [***] movement."

At that time, the Chinese people had a very bad impression of the Soviet Union, and this was not only due to historical reasons, but also to practical factors. The Soviet army occupied the northeast and constantly pressed the national government to make concessions on the question of Outer Mongolia and the Xinjiang Province. Although such a move contributed to the development of [***] to a certain extent, it essentially harmed China's sovereignty, which deeply pierced the most sensitive nerves of the Chinese people -- so when the Kuomintang authorities linked [***]'s ambiguous attitude to Soviet chauvinism, and when Cai Yuanfei accused them of "a certain party not hesitating to sell national interests in order to achieve armed secession," a national student movement was inevitably ignited.

"For the sake of national sovereignty, we are not afraid to go to the trouble and go to the fire" and "I only know that there is a country, but I do not know that there is a party" -- these were the main slogans of the anti-Soviet movement in 1946.

In March 1946, when General Marshall, the special envoy of the US president, went to China to preside over mediation, Marshall heard such a "boiled and patriotic voice" as soon as he got off the plane, and immediately raised his vigilance against the actions of the CPSU and [***]. As a result, the ensuing political coercion and international pressure not only forced [***] to decide to "get out of the way and occupy both sides" and abandon the plan of "monopolizing the Northeast", but also forced the Soviet Union to finally withdraw its troops from the Northeast.

This "ignition" in March 1946 can be called one of the most successful political operations of the Kuomintang and the Three Youth Leagues. Under the influence of this student movement, large numbers of young people first took to the streets, and then to the battlefields of civil war. At the same time, the "solidarity one-two? The "First Student Movement" and the "Anti-Censorship" movement were completely suppressed, and the [***] members of the student group were caught in a dilemma, and the troublesome students of the Central University were finally forced to obey the political axe's arrangement and go to Shanghai to study.

This time on campus, Cai Yuanfei has a lot of credit. However, in fact, it was impossible for Cai Yuanfei and his group of officers to succeed in "igniting the fire," and it was the "people's service team" that was mixed with the students -- that is, the "youth servants" in the "five poisons" -- that really played a role in the movement.

The so-called "youth service" simply means "young military retirees". As mentioned earlier, during the period of "100,000 young people and 100,000 troops," there was a policy whereby young military personnel could choose to go to school after they retired from service, and the state would provide tuition fees. Now that the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression is over, a large number of "young people" who are paid political axes and are led by the Three Youth Leagues have poured into the major campuses. Their learning foundation is not good, and their academic performance is even worse, but they can not care about school exams and school discipline, and as rogue students and student spies, they become a major public nuisance in society at that time.

"Young Cong" is a bit like the twin brother of the "General Officer". On campus, their organization is no less similar to the student union, but the attack is even more brutal, they have both the rashness of the students and the savagery of the ruffians, but they have lost the simplicity of their ideals and are lawless. They can beat teachers, classmates, and make a big fuss in class, but once they are dissatisfied with their superiors, they also dare to beat the police, scold officials, and besiege political axes. In April 1946, the "young people" who had just made great contributions to the "anti-Soviet movement" turned to make trouble in the Nanjing Presidential Palace, and a guy actually painted a big king on the wall of the presidential palace, and this stupid and bold person who dared to show his comic talent at the gate of Chairman Chiang's office was Cai Yuanfei's old friend Pan Chongde.

After April 1946, Nanjing was like a big stage for political farce.

On the one hand, the newspapers are full of all sorts of "good news", and on the other hand, the streets are full of anger and resentment, rallies, marches, and protests -- and interestingly, these grievances are often caused by the "good news".

For example, there is good news that the Soviet Union has withdrawn its troops from the Northeast.

However, the withdrawal of foreign troops did not bring peace to China, and as soon as the Soviets left, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party fought on the back foot, and after April, the northeast region became the most fierce battlefield of military conflicts, and at this time, the northeasterners in Nanjing also took to the streets to petition.

After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, a large number of soldiers, students and bereaved families of soldiers from Northeast China were stranded in the Kuomintang region, unable to return to their hometowns, had no financial resources, and lived in poverty. Every day on Zhongshan Avenue, there are Northeast soldiers holding signs that say "I want to go home and work" to apply for relief, and some orphans and widows are begging for pensions with spirit flags.

Jiang Jian's mother was a kind-hearted old lady from the Northeast, and she often stood guard at the door of the barracks, and when she met an officer, she asked, "Child, do you have anything you don't need?" Give it to the eldest mother" and then paced a pair of small feet to help the fellows. Jiang Jian was the deputy captain of the second brigade at this time, and he himself was not good at doing this kind of thing, but he often scratched in private, blaming the political axe for treating the Northeast people badly.

At that time, almost all the [***] people who had something to do with the Northeast went to "Manchuria", and the general people did not know that the commander of the Northeast Mingzhuo Coalition Army was [***], but they all knew that Zhang Xuesi served as the chairman of Liaoning Province, and with the name of "Zhang Dashuai", the appeal of recruiting troops was very great. As a result, many people believe that the Kuomintang will not be able to send "outsiders" to the northeast, and the best way is to release Zhang Xueliang and let him take his old subordinates down to fight with the CPSU for territory -- with the influence of Zhang Shaoshuai, not to mention whether it can drive out the "Mingzhuo coalition army," at least it will not be able to develop [***] -- in this way, the central political axe will neither cost nor effort in the northeast, and [***] can concentrate the elite troops in the Pingjin area, and first attack the north and the south to solve the North China problem. and then try to restore the Northeast

This idea may make sense, but it doesn't actually work. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Northeast suffered relatively little damage and was much richer than other parts of China. What's more, in 1946, when President Jiang was full of ambition and ready to dominate the rivers and lakes, he had just put his brother Long Yun under house arrest, and how could he release his younger brother Zhang Xueliang again. Therefore, the Northeast soldiers who hoped to return home could only stay in the city of Nanjing and suffer. It was not until the end of 1947 that Chen Cheng could not stand it, so he hurriedly organized the "Homecoming Corps" and sent more than 20,000 people back to Shenyang to fight. But these people have long been cold to the "party-state", and as soon as they go home, they will go to find [***], and they will run out before they have time to reorganize, and even the captain Zhang Guowei has voted for [***], and the momentum of beating Lao Jiang is even more fierce than the authentic Eighth Road.

In April 1946, the election of delegates to the "First National Convention" was about to be completed, which was also good news for those who longed for "open cooking".

In fact, as early as January 10, 1946, all political parties across the country held a "Political Consultative Conference" in Yucheng, and the number of delegates at that time was 8 members of the Kuomintang, 7 members of the [***] party, 5 members of the Youth Party, 9 members of the Mingzhuo party (the Democratic League, the Democratic Socialist Party, the National Salvation Association, the Vocational Education Society, the village governance faction, and the third party), and 9 non-party elites. In this way, the combined strength of [***] and the Ming Cook people surpassed that of the Kuomintang and the "Young People". As a result, bills put forward by the ruling party are often vetoed by the opposition parties, and the opposition parties' proposals are not fulfilled by the ruling party, which makes the so-called "political consultations" a mere formality.

Therefore, the formulation of the constitution and the convening of the "National Congress" have become a matter of urgency!

(To be continued)