readx; For the arrival of [***], Chiang Kai-shek was still very proud in his heart. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 In his account on August 30, he wrote: "[***] If you are called to Chongqing, although this is caused by virtue, it is also a gift from God. ”

On 3 September, after several days of exchanging views, the Chinese side formally submitted 11 points to the Chinese side for negotiation. These include supporting the Sanming Cook, supporting the leadership of Chairman Chiang, punishing the Han Annihilation, stopping the armed conflict, recognizing the legitimate status of all political parties, and so on. And the most critical issue lies in the regime and the army.

The essence of the main points of the negotiations is the issue of the reorganization of the political power and the people's army in the liberated areas. On the issue of liberated areas, it was proposed that [***] people should serve as the provincial chairmen of the five provinces where the liberated areas of Shanxi and Shandong are located, the vice chairmen of the six provinces of Guangdong and Hubei, which are widely distributed in the liberated areas, and the vice mayors of the four special cities of Beiping, Tianjin, Qingdao, and Shanghai; The Kuomintang, on the other hand, only allowed [***] to participate in the political axe, and officials in the liberated areas needed the approval of the Kuomintang in order to remain in office. On the issue of the army, [***] proposed to reorganize the people's army into 16 armies and 48 divisions; And the Kuomintang insisted that only a maximum of 12 divisions should be retained. The expectations of the two sides are 108,000 miles apart.

After reading this plan, Chiang Kai-shek said to Wang Shijie, Zhang Zhizhong, and other representatives of the state: "The plan put forward by the [***] representative yesterday is really worthless. In his view, only the two articles "practicing the righteousness of the three clear boils" and "supporting the leadership of Chairman Chiang" are sincere, and the other articles are "completely contradictory in content and spirit."

As a matter of fact, [***] made considerable concessions in preparing for this peace talks. On September 4, 1945, the "record of the first conversation" between the two sides recorded such a passage, Zhou Enlai said to Shao Lizi, the representative of the state: "I think that the joint political axe cannot be achieved, so I will not propose it this time, but only ask all parties to participate in the political axe"

The issue of the "joint political axe" mentioned by Zhou Enlai here is really a public case.

In November 1944, Hurley, who was then the personal representative of the President of the United States, volunteered to go to Yan'an to mediate the conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Hurley, who had just taken office, was full of confidence that he would be able to do this.

During the negotiations with Hurley, the [***] leaders proposed a draft five-point agreement, the core of which was to reorganize the national political axe into a coalition political axe that included all parties and proposed that all parties have equal status. Hurley felt that [***]'s proposal was fair and unreasonable, and readily agreed.

But when Hurley took the agreement and rushed back to Yucheng, he was poured a basin of cold water on Chiang Kai-shek's head. Chiang Kai-shek made it clear that the Kuomintang could never be compared with [***], and that the United Political Axe Yunyun was even more imaginary, and that accepting this agreement would mean the complete defeat of the Kuomintang and would inevitably lead to [***] control of the political axe.

In Chiang Kai-shek's mind, there was no concept of "multi-party" at all, let alone the possibility of recognizing the joint political axe, and the maximum he could accept was that [***] people would come to the national political axe to "become officials".

After arriving in Yucheng, the first thing to consider is work and safety. As for the accommodation, as soon as he got off the plane, Zhou Zhirou said that he had prepared a guest house for him to receive American guests, saying that it was a good place and fully equipped. [***] said with a smile: "I am Chinese, not American, and I don't live in American guest houses." ”

Zhang Zhizhong said to [***] next to the car: "We have prepared two places for you in the suburbs of Huangshan and Cave Forest Garden, you can choose." [***] was noncommittal. In this regard, Zhou Enlai is the one who has the most heart. He originally envisioned that [***] would use the Hongyan Eighth Route Army Office as the center of living, work, and activities, but as soon as he settled down, he felt that it was not suitable. Hongyan is not only a partial place, but also the road is not easy to walk, there are too many stone steps up and down the mountain, and there are dense spies around, which is inconvenient for visitors and unsafe for [***]. As for his own residence at No. 50 Zeng Jiayan, the location is better, but the place is small and cramped, and the second floor is inhabited by Kuomintang. The only more suitable one is Zhang Zhizhong's official residence, No. 18, Zhongshan 4th Road, Guiyuan, Shangqing Temple. Although the house there is not big, the equipment is also average, but it is still available, and it is far from No. 50 Zengjiayan, everyone is used to calling it "Zhou Mansion", and Hongyan New Village is not far away, and it is next to the road, the location is moderate, and it is very convenient for cars to enter and exit. Speaking on Monday, Zhang Zhizhong readily agreed, and the family moved to a small and dilapidated bungalow in the Fuxing Guanzhong Training Regiment. Therefore, [***] used Guiyuan as a place for guests, work, and rest. Every morning, I come from Hongyan, meet guests in the afternoon, and go back to Hongyan to sleep in the evening.

During the Yucheng talks, leaders of Zhang Zhizhong, Guiyuan, stayed at Zhang Zhizhong's residence, and frequently had extensive conversations and exchanged views with leaders of various political parties and people from all walks of life.

The house is not big, one floor and one bottom. Downstairs is the reception room, dining room, pantry, secretary's room, adjutant's room, and washroom. Upstairs is a bedroom, five or six rooms of different sizes, and the Zhang family is more than a dozen people, which is crowded enough. The south of the building is a courtyard, and the east side of the courtyard is the gate, and there is a communication room and a car room. To the west of the courtyard is the guard's room, where a pistol squad often lives. To the north of the building is a row of bungalows, including the cook's and staff's quarters. The courtyard is surrounded by a bamboo-woven wall, which is very loose.

It is worth mentioning the living room, which is the birthplace of the Double Tenth Agreement, and a place where celebrities gather and talk highly. It was a rectangular house of about 20 square meters, surrounded by simple sofas, which could only seat about a dozen people. The east and south sides are windows, the outer layer is shuttered, and the inner layer is glass windows. There are two or three pots of flowers and plants in the corner, and there are no antique ornaments. On the south wall, there is a banner of Mr. Sun Yat-sen's handwritten "The world is for the public", the font is vigorous, and the pen is strong. On the east wall, there is a quotation from Qi Jiguang in Chiang Kai-shek's handwriting: "If it is said that the war is invincible, it is a deceptive talk, but the fierce enemy has never tasted defeat"

The west wall is a flower painted by the female painter Hongwei. On the north wall is "Qinhuai Night Park", which is the work of an eighty-seven-year-old painter, and the title is seven unique poems:

The spring breeze blows the dream to the end of the world, people dream at home at the end of the world, dream of the autumn moonlit night of Qinhuai, and listen to the pipa in the water pavilion of the boat.

These calligraphy and paintings reflect the identity, thoughts and surnames of the owners at that time.

Living in Guiyuan, safety is the primary concern, and the most worrying is Zhou Enlai. He not only carefully inspected [***] beds, chairs, and houses one by one, but also personally arranged the work of the guards. [***] brought a comrade Yan Tailong from Yan'an, Long Feihu was originally in Yucheng, plus Chen Long, a total of three people, the strength is thinner. At the beginning, Zhang Zhizhong said to Zhou En: "There are guard battalions in the Political Department, most of them are soldiers from my hometown, and I am ready to use them as guards." ”

Zhou Enlai thought about it again and again, thinking that Yucheng was very complicated at that time, there were many stragglers, there were many wounded soldiers from the front line, and there were many robes and brothers, and the general guards could not control them. The two discussed the results and decided to send a gendarme. Zhang Zhizhong and the commander of the military police, Zhang Zhen, solved the problem as soon as they talked.

The small living room of Guiyuan, [***] received guests here in the forty-three days of negotiations, [***] except for the first and last three days in Lin Yuan, the rest were all in Guiyuan. Come from Hongyan Village at ** o'clock in the morning, and go back to Hongyan Village in the evening. Work and rest upstairs during the day, and meet guests downstairs. Sometimes the negotiations took place in the reception room, and in many cases late into the night. Therefore, at that time, Guiyuan was not only the center of [***] activities in Chongqing, but also the center of China's political whirlpool.

Can the peace talks succeed? This is a question mark that is commonly raised in society. In fact, at that time, the Kuomintang could be roughly divided into three types of people: the first was the expectant faction, which was the majority. Because of the war-weariness and the change of mind, people believe that although there are many difficulties in negotiations, the general trend is the same, and they hope that an agreement can be reached. The second type is the bobbleheaders, who are quite numerous. They believed that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had been fighting for almost 20 years, and that peace was impossible. This includes the Kuomintang rightists, the military clique, and Hu Shih, who "is not easy to fight and not easy to fight." The third type is the main and faction, which is not very large in number and belongs to the left wing of the Kuomintang, people of insight in society, intellectuals, and overseas Chinese. They resolutely advocate peace and advocate the maintenance of the three major policies, such as Zhang Zhizhong and Shao Lizi. They have a strong desire for peace, so much so that they know they can't do it.

Arriving in Chongqing was a sensational event at home and abroad, and Chiang Kai-shek's inner plan was another matter, but he attached great importance to it. On the first day of Mao's arrival in Yucheng, at half past eight o'clock that night, Zhang Zhizhong invited [***] and the delegation to Jiang's official residence Cave Forest Garden to have a feast and welcome. The next afternoon, I had my first direct conversation with [***]. On September 2, he again invited [***] and the delegation to the official residence for a banquet, and after the meeting, Jiang and Mao had a second conversation. From 29 August to 3 September, the [***] delegation headed by Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei and the Kuomintang delegation headed by Zhang Qun, Wang Shijie, Zhang Zhizhong, and Shao Lizi constantly exchanged views, and various issues were touched.

At that time, it was rumored that Chiang Kai-shek was unprepared for negotiations, and all plans were put forward by [***], so Chiang had no choice but to deal with them passively and send people to be perfunctory. But this does not correspond to the facts, and also underestimates Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Kai-shek was confident and prejudiced about [***] and this negotiation. Chiang Kai-shek was a conspirator and had his set. His idea at that time was: first the two sides exchanged views, touched the bottom of [***], did not speak for the first time, and then put forward the main points to negotiate one by one.

The negotiations were extremely arduous, and from the very beginning there was a confrontational posture of-for-tat and non-concessions. On September 3, the [***] deputy put forward the "Talking Points" and handed them to Zhang Zhizhong. There are 11 items in total: taking peace, openness, and unity as the basis of unity, and implementing the righteousness of three boiling; support for Chiang Kai-shek's leadership; long-term cooperation between all parties on an equal footing; recognition of the power of the liberated areas and the anti-Japanese army; severely punish the Han and disband the puppet army; [***] participate in the surrender; The armies of both sides stopped clashes and stood by in place; put an end to party rule, implement political openness, nationalize the armed forces, and cooperate with parties on an equal footing; Political openness should include the convening of political consultative conferences, the implementation of universal suffrage, and the adjustment of administrative regions and personnel; In terms of the nationalization of the armed forces, it should include the reorganization of the whole army, the 16 armies and 48 divisions, the logistics of the army should be supplied by the state, concentrated in the Huaihai Valley and the areas north of Longhai, [***] participate in the work of the Central Military Commission and its various departments, set up parallel battalions and political committees in the north, and participate in the leadership; Equal cooperation between parties should include the release of political prisoners, the abolition of secret services, and the protection of people's freedoms.

On the 4th of the same month, Chiang Kai-shek personally drafted a "Key Points for Negotiation with [***] and handed it to Zhang Zhizhong on the basis of his conversation with [***] and the "Results of the Conversation Today" provided by Wang Shijie. As soon as Jiang opened his mouth, he pointed out with extreme arrogance: "The plan proposed by the representative [***] is really worthless, and since he agrees to implement the Sanming Cooking Righteousness and supports my leadership, the rest of the articles contradict each other and should not be proposed." Then it was more specific: "The number of army reorganizations should be based on the eight to ten divisions agreed between Zhang Zhizhong and Wang Shijie and Lin Boqu last year, and the maximum number of divisions shall not exceed 12; The liberated areas should not exist at all after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, and if [***] can really achieve the unity of government and military orders, then outstanding people at all levels from the central to the local government can participate; The National Convention is about to be convened, and the original elected delegates are valid, and if [***] wishes to participate in the meeting, the delegates may be co-opted. ”

Judging from the "Key Points for Negotiation" drafted by Chiang Kai-shek himself, it is indeed insincere. However, Zhang Zhizhong still had to negotiate with the [***] representative on this basis. The interviews between Jiang and Mao and the preliminary talks between the representatives of the two sides were held in the cave forest garden, and there was no record, and the subsequent negotiations between the representatives designated by the two sides were changed to the official residence of Jiang in the "Guiyuan" and "Yaolu" in the city, and both sides sent people to serve as records, and the talks were held more than 10 times, totaling 23 discussions in the three places of Linyuan, Guiyuan, and Yaolu.

The entire negotiation was sharp, tense, tortuous and complicated, and was on the verge of breaking down many times. Among the four representatives of the Kuomintang, the most active and active was Zhang Zhizhong. At every critical moment, he stepped forward and tried to turn around. I saw that he was active and exhausted, sometimes meditating in the room, sometimes shaking his head and sighing, or wandering around the room, or muttering to himself, and seemed to be careless and restless.

After many rounds of discussions between the two sides, on September 8, the Kuomintang delegates gave a written reply to the "Talking Points" put forward by [***]3, in addition to emphasizing that reunification is the basis of the Ming Cooking, implying that the unification of government and military orders is a conspiracy that cannot be compromised, and specifically replied: "All parties are equal before the law, but equality is not equal; The liberated areas must be abolished, and the personnel can use them at their discretion; The punishment of the Han annihilation and the disbandment of the puppet army may be agreed, but it must be carried out cautiously in accordance with the law; Participation in the surrender must be after the unification of the military order and the government order; The conflict may be stopped, but [***] shall not obstruct the reception of the political axe; The political meeting may also not be permanent, and only Chairman Chiang will convene representatives of the Kuomintang and various parties to discuss and decide on relevant matters, and the content is not predetermined; The leaders of all provinces and cities must be appointed in accordance with the law, and if the chairman and vice chairman of a province or city are instructed to be recommended by [***], they can only be appointed, that is, they do not truly accept the unity of government and military orders; The maximum number of reorganized armies is twelve divisions, which is immutable; There is no need to set up the Beiping Political Committee, and candidates for the Beiping Parallel Camp cannot be recommended by [***]; For the release of political prisoners, [***] may propose a list to be handled by the political axe on its own initiative; The Central Command and the Military Command only handle intelligence, and detention and arrest are strictly prohibited. ”

Judging from the conditions put forward by the two sides, it seems that an agreement is simply impossible. However, if we engage in armed settlement, not only will the domestic and international situation not allow it, but also the conditions will not be met, so we can only strive for a compromise. At the heart of the problem is the number of the armed forces and the issue of liberated areas, and if it can be temporarily eliminated or mitigated, it is still possible to solve the problem. Therefore, after almost 43 days of tug-of-war, talks, night talks, collective talks, and individual talks, a temporary agreement was finally reached.

On 8 October, Zhang Zhizhong held a grand banquet in the auditorium of the Central Military Commission to welcome and bid farewell to 500 or 600 people, mainly members of the national political suffrage, the press, the cultural circles, and social elites, and then senior Kuomintang officials. At that time, this was the largest event in Yucheng.

At the meeting, Zhang Zhizhong gave a warm welcome speech. He first pointed out that the important surname of [***] who came to Chongqing has attracted the attention of people all over the country. Then he explained the situation of the negotiations between the two sides, and the general premise and principle were completely agreed, and 70% of the specific issues had been agreed, and the rest continued consultations, and prepared to issue an announcement to let the people of the whole country know. Finally, he said: "Mr. Mao is going back to Yan'an within the month, so today's rally is both a welcome and a farewell." Mr. Mao came to Yucheng on the orders of Chairman Chiang and greeted him with Ambassador Hurley, and now Mr. Mao will still be escorted back by himself when he returns to Yan'an. ”

Although the situation was treacherous and volatile, the negotiations reached an agreement. October 10 was the 34th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution, and on the afternoon of this day, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party signed the "Double Tenth Agreement" in Guiyuan. That is, the "Minutes of the Talks between the Political Axe and the [***] Representatives".

The unforgettable afternoon of October 10, 1945 was an important day in modern Chinese history. Not only did the delegates who personally participated in the negotiations feel that the agreement was not easy to come by, but they were full of joy, even the personnel who handled the affairs, and we, who knew the inside story of the negotiations, were also beaming with joy and were very happy. From early in the morning, everyone was busy, tidying up the small living room and coat racks, preparing tea and cigarettes, and placing tables horizontally under the banner of "The World is for the Public" on the south wall of the reception room, covered with tablecloths, and placed with pen and ink for signing. The venue was simple, solemn and solemn. But no journalists or anyone was invited to attend, so the situation was not reported in the newspapers at the time.

At about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, when everything was ready, representatives of the two sides arrived one after another, greeted each other, reviewed the full text of the "Double Tenth Agreement" that had been transcribed in advance, expressed their agreement, and signed their names in order of rank. Although they did not speak, the expressions on their faces looked serious and happy. Among all the deputies, only Zhang Qun was out on business and was not in Chongqing, and his name was signed after the fact. The full text of the agreement was published in the newspaper on December 12 of the same month.

After the signing was completed, Mr. Shao Lizi suggested to the representatives of both sides: "The initial success of this negotiation and the achievement of an agreement depend on Mr. Mao Runzhi's tireless work, and he should be invited downstairs to meet him." Everyone readily agreed, so the chairman came down and shook hands with everyone one by one and congratulated each other

In November 1945, Cai Yuanfei returned to Kunming.

At this time, the atmosphere in Kunming City was very tense. Because not long ago, under the command of Du Yuming, the elite of the [***] lineage used force to solve the guard troops of the Yunnan Army and drove the "King of Yunnan" Long Yun from power.

Long Yun was Chiang Kai-shek's brother, and for 18 years, he had the final say in the political, economic, military, and administrative affairs on the ground in Yunnan. During the Anti-Japanese War, not only did the central descendants dare not provoke Chairman Long, but even the Americans had to give three points of courtesy to the emperor. The local police not only dared to beat the Central Army, but even the military commander's spies dared to arrest them; The local security regiment set up a checkpoint on the road, [***] used to have to charge fees, and the US military had to pay when they came, which was really a role in plucking the feathers on the tiger's head, and it was really domineering.

So, as soon as the Anti-Japanese War ended, President Jiang attacked "Brother Long". He first transferred the four armies of the Dian Army to Vietnam to surrender, and then assigned the 5th Army to carry out a surprise attack on several guard regiments in Kunming, and then put Long Yun on a plane and sent him to Yucheng to become a nominal "president of the Military Senate", and since then he has been under house arrest.

The commander-in-chief of the "Kunming Incident" was Du Yuming, and Du Yuming's temporary headquarters was set up at the headquarters of the paratrooper corps in Gangtou Village, Kunming. In this "campaign", the task of the paratrooper unit was to serve as a general reserve, which ultimately did not come in handy due to the relatively smooth progress of the operation.

Cai Yuanfei and the others did not catch up with the "Kunming Incident", but everyone had a deep impression of the consequences of the incident - the high-spirited officers of the Yunnan Army in the past have now become phoenixes with wings. As long as the patrol encounters officials and businessmen with Yunnan accents, they will interrogate and search, and if there is a slight problem, it will be a slap when they raise their hands and open their mouths, "Old Dian ticket, what a bastard!" "Yunnan bills" are the Yunnan currency issued by Longyun, which was originally stronger than legal tender, but now it has been banned and has become a pile of waste paper - at this time, Yunnan people are no longer worth as much as their paper money.

However, in Kunming in November 1945, the most lively topic of public opinion was still the "Double Tenth Agreement". In fact, there are no practical measures in this agreement, but judging from the content, the KMT and the CPC unanimously agree on the basic policy of "peaceful nation-building," agree to "build a new China that is free and peaceful" through the way of "equal cooperation between political parties," and agree to reorganize the armed forces and reduce the armed forces, which makes many people full of hope for future peace.

By mid-November, "Xinhua Daily" published [***] "Qinyuan Spring? Snow. Almost all newspapers and periodicals reprinted this poem, and for a time, literati and politicians from all walks of life in Kunming sang and sang one after another, some praised and some opposed. Although Cai Yuanfei doesn't know much about poetry, he also feels that this "Qinyuan Spring" is written very imposingly

However, some sensitive people read a different meaning in this poem.

Qin Yuanchun. The reckless conceit and sharpness shown in "Snow" shows that [***] is a political leader who is unwilling to submit to others; Chiang Kai-shek, on the other hand, was also a powerful iron-blooded man, he even had to be wary of his own deputy, refused to let go of his brother, and was afraid to shake hands with hostile forces and make peace - when these two people stood on the political contest at the same time, civil war was certainly inevitable.

Therefore, just a month after the signing of the Double Tenth Agreement, a consensus was formed among the paratroopers: "Give up the illusion of peace and prepare for war" - it is precisely for this reason that in the subsequent "reorganization and retirement" activities, the army commando corps did not reduce a single officer.

At that time, Cai Yuanfei also thought that the hope for peace was very slim. In his view, the only way to achieve "peace" is for both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to give up their leadership of the armed forces and truly "nationalize the armed forces" – and this is simply impossible.

There are still people on the streets who are desperately calling for "peace" and sincerely looking forward to the arrival of "Mingzhu" and "freedom" – most of them are students in ivory towers.

In Kunming, the main schools that are enthusiastic about the "Peace Cooking Movement" are the Southwest Associated University, Yunnan University, the High School Affiliated to the United Nations University, and the Kunhua Girls' High School. Cai Yuanfei went to audit a few times, and found that they did not put forward any feasible opinions except criticism and blame, so he gradually stopped going.

Although he has not been away from campus for a long time, the experience of more than a year, especially what he saw and heard during his time in Nanjing, has made Cai Yuanfei understand what politicians are like. He did not believe that the bureaucracy at the top would give up their greed because of a few idealistic empty words, still less that the "Double Tenth Agreement" that put forward the outline could limit the spread of personal desires. Cai Yuanfei believes that only power can restrain power, and only armed can disarm - but what kind of mechanism can make power and armed use reasonably? What kind of measures can make the country develop in a good direction? He couldn't figure it out, but he couldn't find an answer.

During this period, the leadership of the Army Assault Corps underwent some adjustments, the most important change was that the original Commander Li Hanping was transferred, and Major General Ma Shigong, director of the "Tank Corps Division of the Ministry of Military Affairs," took over as commander of the paratrooper unit.

Ma Shigong is a first-term student of Huangpu, a native of Shaanxi, and Du Yuming are both classmates and fellow villagers, with old qualifications and a big face. As soon as he took office, he made a big effort to reward meritorious deeds, and many people in the paratroopers were promoted to one rank, Lieutenant Colonel Liu Nongjiao became a colonel, Major Jiang Jian was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and even Sergeant Cai Yuanfei became a second lieutenant Cai Yuanfei, and everyone was very happy.

In fact, at the beginning, Cai Yuanfei was reluctant to be this second lieutenant. This is not because he is high, but because of the rules of his superiors: soldiers with a youth army background can apply for discharge, while registered officers must continue to serve. Cai Yuanfei came from the 207th Division of the Youth Army, and if he became a sergeant, he could go back to Zhejiang University to continue his studies, but once he became a second lieutenant, he could only stay in the army.

The reason for Cai Yuanfei's decision to continue serving was a notice. The bulletin said that the paratrooper unit plans to select a group of officers with a high level of education, a good foundation in English, and a promising future to participate in the "preparatory course for studying in the United States," first to train in China for one year, and then send them to the US Air Force Academy for three years of advanced study -- this news gave Cai Yuanfei great encouragement. He has always had the good wish of "building a high-quality army," and he felt that if he had the opportunity to study at a military academy in the United States, he would certainly be able to find a good way to "make the rational use of power and armament" there.

In November, the General Staff Office announced the list of "preparatory classes for studying in the United States", with a total of more than 40 people on the list, but only 16 places were able to study in the United States. This means that more than half of the participants in the preparatory class will be eliminated, and the competition is fierce. Among these "preparatory students", Cai Yuanfei's qualifications are the shallow, and his classmates not only include graduates of prestigious universities, veterans of the Anti-Japanese War who have made repeated military exploits, but also his boss Liu Shengheng, the captain of the detachment, and the oldest student in the class is Zhong Hanxun, the major chief of the first staff section of the corps.

Cai Yuanfei knows that in order to stand out from these competitors, he must put in the best efforts.

The school building of the "Preparatory Class for Studying in the United States" is located in the Kunming North Campus, which is the training base of the former 207th Division Machine Gun Brigade of the Youth Army. At the beginning of the year, Cai Yuanfei used to be a "second lieutenant instructor" in this place, but when he came back at the end of the year, he became a "second lieutenant cadet", and the ensign epaulettes were brand new both times - the world is really unpredictable.

The North Campus was chosen as the campus for the preparatory class because it is relatively close to Southwest Associated University.

Of course, the basic courses of the "Preparatory Course for Studying in the United States" should be mainly in English, in addition to learning grammar, practicing dictation, translating composition, but also to understand the social situation and living customs of the United States. The professors of the Southwest Associated University who were hired to teach the officers were all American leaders who had returned from the United States, stepped onto the podium, and as soon as they explained a few words, they began to criticize the evils of the times, from the township chief to the commander-in-chief, from the sergeant to the general, and after scolding in Chinese and then in English, after scolding enough, they slammed the door and left.

In the face of the same China, when it comes to the professor's mouth, it becomes "so much black", which is simply useless.

Of course, such a teaching method could not meet the requirements of the military, so they had to be replaced. In exchange for it, Professor Liuyang's temper is almost the same, and almost no one can take three classes in a row. In the end, the officers and cadets summed up an experience, which is called "a classroom made of iron, and a gentleman of flowing water."

In fact, the university professors did not deliberately get along with the soldiers, but because they have been criticizing current affairs like this for so many years, they have become accustomed to scolding, and they can't stop the car for a while.

During the Anti-Japanese War, Yunnan had three major political characteristics: local military and political affairs, "Mingzhu Fortress" and student movement. As long as he does not interfere in the ruling strategy of the "soil emperor", he will have a tolerant and protective attitude towards university professors and young students in demonstrations. Therefore, the major colleges and universities in Kunming have gradually developed a habit of scolding everyone except Chairman Long Yun.

Although they are all scolding, the characteristics of each professor are different.

One is the "orthodox", such as Jiang Menglin, Mei Yiqi, Zhang Boling, Zha Liangzhao, Lei Haizong, etc., all of whom have the identity of the Kuomintang, and some are still members of the Central Committee or the Supervisory Committee, so when they speak, they often criticize Yan'an and rarely criticize Yucheng; The other category is the "liberals", who are arrested and scolded, scolding both the Communist Party and Lao Jiang, including Qian Duansheng, Yang Zhensheng, Wu Qiyuan, Hua Luogeng and Feng Youlan and a large group; In fact, there are not many "radical figures" who condemn the ruling party, but their appeal is very great; they are mainly members of the "Democratic League" who returned from Hong Kong during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and the most powerful ones are Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo.

It's not good to scold, but then again, the political situation at that time was really annoying, not only did Xiucai scold, but even Qiu Ba was scolding.

In the Kunming North School Field, in addition to the "preparatory class for paratroopers studying in the United States," there is also another training unit stationed, which is called the "Second Formation and Training Office Officers' Corps" -- by the way, some articles say that they are the "Second Officers' Corps," which is inaccurate, and the real "Second Officers' Corps of the Military and Political Affairs" should be in Hechuan, Sichuan-- the "Second Officers' Corps" belongs to the Kunming Headquarters of the Lu General Headquarters, and the chief of the Formation and Training Division is He Shaozhou, and the head of the Officers is Sheng Jiaxing, so it is also called the "Zhouxing Unit."

At that time, there was a saying of "five poisons" in society, that is, the so-called "national congress generation, general officer, young servant, news record, and wounded soldier honor". This "officer general" refers to the cadets of the officer corps, whose characteristic is that they often fight and make trouble, and "do not go to the front line to fight, but focus on fighting people in the rear."

The members of the "general officer corps" mainly come from three aspects: First, the officers of the units that have been abolished, the second is the officers who have been eliminated during the reorganization of the troops, and the second is the officers who cannot be transferred with the original units due to personal reasons.

In the past, the practice of [***] was to "eat empty quotas", and the actual number of soldiers in the army was only half of the establishment. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the political axe reorganized the army and squeezed out the previous water, but the result was that there were not enough soldiers and there was a surplus of officials, so these redundant officers were gathered, trained, and distributed.

As for the direction of distribution, a small number of people may be able to enter the military and police system, while most of them must return to their hometowns to participate in the "Returning Military Association", but the problem is that the salary of the "Returning Home Association" is only half of that of the army, and according to the inflation level at that time, they would even have to go hungry to eat themselves, let alone rely on supporting their families. This treatment made the unemployed officers very dissatisfied: "Lose your conscience! Let us sell our lives when we are at war, and don't want us when we are rich."

So, at the North Campus Training Base, Cai Yuanfei and they can watch the "scolding performance" every day.

Professor Yang of Southwest Associated University slapped the table in the classroom and scolded: "Read talent! [***]！ The mound eight of the officer corps jumped on the field: "There is no master here, there is a place to keep the master." Don't leave your grandfather everywhere, and your grandfather will go eight ways! The professors burst into tears in the room: "There is no hope for boiling openly, and the water is in dire straits." The unemployed officer waved his fist outside: "If you can't get out of here, go find [***]!" "It's a lot of fun.

However, although the "officer general" can scold with the readers, he can't get together.

On November 25, 1945, the students of Southwest Associated University held a meeting on campus, and the Political Department of Qiu Qingquan's 5th Army organized a group of special soldiers to make trouble and dispersed the gathering people by firing guns at the sky. The next day, Kunming's major and middle schools staged a strike to protest, and in order to prevent the 5th Army from sabotaging again, the students closed the campus gates and organized pickets.

The new campus of Southwest Associated University is located south of the North Campus, just between the training base and the downtown area of Kunming. On the morning of 1 December, a group of members of the "Officers Corps of the Second Training Office" were preparing to go to Kunming City to play, and when they passed through the gate of the United Nations University, the student pickets thought that these officers were spies who had come to make trouble, so they lay on the top of the lintel and scolded them.

It's worth it! The "officer chief" was originally a group of characters who had nothing to do and nothing to do, and they were thinking about where to find a quarrel and fight all day long, and he scolded others almost the same, how could he let others scold a few words in a daze. So, the two sides fought.

In the beginning, the "officers" threw stones and the students threw bricks, and the two sides were evenly matched. But there were fights around, and I don't know which bastard took out a few grenades, and one guy threw them on the campus, killing three students and a teacher on the spot, and wounding a dozen others - this is the "one-two. 1. Kunming Bloody Case".

The student was killed, and the matter went haywire. The principals and teachers in Kunming all stood up, whether they were orthodox, liberal or radical, and everyone said in unison: "Give back my students, return my children!" ”

Chairman Chiang had no choice but to order the Kunming military to solve the case within a time limit.

Chief of Staff Zhao Jiapai, who was in charge of military training of the 5th Army, ran to the North Campus to track down the murderer, and the "Chief Officer" carried a gun and an explosive bag, blocked the gate and made a foolish noise, and almost kidnapped Chief of Staff Zhao. Qiu Qingquan had no choice but to find two death row prisoners to pretend to be the "chief officer", and asked them to confess that they were [***] gave funds or something

But intellectuals are not so easy to deceive. A few professors who are engaged in law and psychology asked casually, and immediately asked those two guys to the letter. As a result, the big and small newspapers all came out - fake! Fake! - Qiu Qingquan was in a hurry, so he simply shot the suspect in advance, thinking that there was no proof of death. Of course, the Southwest Associated Congress did not agree to this, and the two sides quarreled until the end, and Guan Linzheng, commander of the Kunming garrison, and Li Zonghuang, governor of Yunnan, were both dismissed, and the matter came to an end. To this day, "One Two? The "truth" of the "first bloody case" is still a topic of debate. In Ma Jia's view, if this matter is analyzed deeply, the background of the times and political reasons are indeed very complicated; But if you put it simply, it means that "when you meet a soldier, you can't explain it reasonably", and when you meet an "officer", it's even more inexplicable.

Being so tormented by the "chief officer" that the paratroopers had no way to learn English with peace of mind, so they had to go to Wujiaba Airport to practice parachuting first.

Those who go to the U.S. Air Force Academy must have the qualification of "paratrooper badge". At the beginning, Cai Yuanfei only jumped the parachute once and went to the battlefield, so naturally he didn't get the oval badge. Now, Zhong Hanxun, Liu Nongji, and their newly transferred officers are undergoing training, and Cai Yuanfei is learning from scratch with everyone.

In fact, it is necessary to practice it all over again. Because the equipment of the "Preparatory Class for Studying in the United States" has been replaced with new equipment, from the original T4 umbrella to the current T5 umbrella!

(To be continued)