readx; On August 18, [***] called Luo Ronghuan and Li Yu to make specific arrangements: Wan Yi's detachment was immediately transferred to the northeast and stood by through Hebei to the border of Rehe. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 infoThe detachment currently has 2,500 people, and it would be good if 1,500 people could reach their destination, excluding the old and the weak, and those who deserted. All cadres in the northeast who can be transferred will be transferred to 10,000 units as much as possible. Wan Radio contacted the Central Military Commission.

In order to develop the northeast in a timely manner, after the [***] Central Committee ordered the Jireliao Military Region and the Wan Yi Department of the Shandong Military Region to take the lead in going north, and [***] drafted a telegram in the name of the Central Military Commission to indicate that various localities had made arrangements for advancing to the Kwantung region. [***] pointed out: The Red Army occupied the Northeast, and the Kuomintang tried to fight for the Northeast. In addition to Li Yunchang leading three large regiments deep into Liaoning, and one regiment from the eastern Hebei and Jicha regions each going deep into Rehe, the central authorities decided to transfer two regiments from Shandong (including Wan Yi's detachment), one regiment from Hebei, Shandong, and Henan, and one regiment from central Hebei, for a total of four regiments, which were led by Wan Yi and headed for the three eastern provinces. The two regiments of Shandong were to be prepared within 10 days, and they set off immediately, and then joined the two regiments of Hebei, Shandong, Henan and Jizhong through Hebei, and drove to the border of Rehe to stand by

In addition, the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningbo Border Region is equipped with one regiment, the Jinsui Military Region is equipped with three regiments, and the central government is equipped with one cadre regiment, a total of five regiments, led by Lu Zhengying and Lin Feng, and left for the three eastern provinces.

In terms of geographical location, it is most convenient to enter the Northeast from Shandong, so [***] has the greatest hope and trust for the Shandong Military Region of the Eighth Route Army to send people and guns into the Kanto.

On 22 August, [***] issued a directive to the Shandong Sub-Bureau on sending people to attack Manchuria and carry out local work, demanding: In order to quickly win over Manchuria, the Sub-Bureau should immediately dispatch a large number of cadres to Manchuria in civilian clothes after the Red Army occupies Lushun and Dalian, enter the establishment of local party and local political power, mobilize and organize the masses, and if the Red Army can allow the troops of the Shandong Eighth Route Army to enter Manchuria (first go to negotiate) to eliminate the scattered enemy and the Han annihilation, then the troops should be transferred from Shandong to enter Manchuria in the name of the Northeast Volunteer Army.

[***] is very good at pooling the wisdom of the members of the Politburo. At the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee held on August 26, [***] pointed out: From the north of Longhai Road to Outer Mongolia, we must have the upper hand.

The administrative staff in the Northeast are sent by the Kuomintang, and if we go to the cadres, we will definitely have something to do. If these are not enough, then the city will not ally and prepare to sit in the class room. If it's house arrest, then I'm not afraid, it's just to do something there. The Red Army did not enter the customs, the US troops did not land, and the situation was that China solved the problem on its own, but in fact it was the three countries that intervened. None of the three countries wanted a civil war in China, and international pressure was not conducive to Chiang's talent. According to the spirit of the enlarged meeting of the Politburo, the Central Committee decided to send more than 1,000 cadres to the Northeast under the leadership of Lin Feng; The troops led by Wan Yi (formerly the general of the Northeast Army) still need to be on standby in Rehe, but if they can go to the northeast, they will develop in Rehe, so as to create a strong Rehe base area.

On 26 August, the above ideas were emphasized in the form of an official telegram drafted for the Central Committee to the Central Bureaus and district party committees, which pointed out that the four northeastern provinces are within the scope of the Sino-Soviet treaty, and the administrative power is in the hands of the Kuomintang. But there is no problem in sending cadres to work.

However, after a lapse of three days, [***] and other [***] central leaders had already made a further judgment of the situation, and had dispelled their concerns that they could only send cadres and not troops for the time being, and boldly sent troops to the Kanto region.

On 28 August, when Zhu De made a report in Yan'an to cadres who were about to go to the northeast to open up work, he reiterated the determination of the [***] Central Committee. Zhu De said: We must actively develop in the northeast, and there is a lot to be done in the northeast. Most of Chiang Kai-shek's troops were in the south, and it took half a year to go to the northeast. Even if he goes to the northeast, at most he occupies the city, and we occupy the countryside.

Some comrades have been a little discouraged when they have seen that the Soviet Union and Chiang Kai-shek have signed a treaty these days. We used to think that the Soviet Union would greatly help us, but now we are disappointed. This is because the past hopes were too extravagant. But you must know that although there is a treaty, the work of the Northeast is still very large. The Soviet Union withdrew its troops in three months, China should be under the control of the Chinese themselves, and the northeast should be under the control of the northeasterners, of course we can manage it, and there is no stipulation in the treaty that we should not go, and we should not take care of it. Now we will send 50,000 troops to intervene in it, and then send 10,000 cadres, and we will go in the future. This is a long-term, solid road.

Zhu De's above-mentioned speech was delivered after he went to Chongqing for negotiations, and represented the unanimous opinion of the central leaders. At this meeting, it was also pointed out that the Northeast "decided to send troops, those who can walk first, those who can walk first, those who can walk first, and when they arrive at the border of Rehe, they will stare at it, and if they can get in, they will go in, and then we will draw some teams and cadres to the Northeast and draw 80,000 troops." Everything depends on the situation, if there is a loophole, it will be drilled, and if the railway cannot be taken, it will be taken by road.

If you can't walk on the main road, take the small road. He said that he had collapsed, the Manchurian Emperor Boyi had been caught, the Soviet Red Army was gone, the Kuomintang had not yet gone, so you had to hurry up and rob it."

Of course, it must be admitted that at this time, the central government has not yet had a great grasp of whether and how to enter the Northeast, but it has not stopped the deployment of developing the Northeast.

On August 29, [***], who was acting as chairman of the [***] Central Committee, issued instructions in the name of the [***] Central Committee to the [***] Jin-Cha-Ji Central Bureau and the Shandong Branch. He pointed out that since the Sino-Soviet Treaty clearly stipulates that all Chinese nationals, both military and civilian, are under China's jurisdiction, the Soviet Union will not interfere in China's internal affairs. In this way, as long as the activities of our Party and our army in the three eastern provinces do not directly affect the Soviet Union's obligations under diplomatic treaties, the Soviet Union will adopt a laissez-faire attitude and place the greatest sympathy on it; at the same time, the Kuomintang has no foundation in the three eastern provinces, and it is still difficult for the Kuomintang to send troops, and the road is not yet open, and the Soviet Red Army will all retreat within three months, so that our Party will still have a good chance to win over the three eastern provinces.

It is required that the cadres and troops to be sent to the three eastern provinces of Shanxi, Chahar and Shandong should set off quickly. He also pointed out that Shanxi, Chahar, Hebei and Shandong should send capable cadres to the rear of the Soviet Red Army with radio stations to understand the situation and report at any time. In its telegram to various localities, the central authorities also demanded that "if the cadres and troops of Shandong can enter the three eastern provinces by sea, the sooner the better." ”

The telegram also demanded that the troops and cadres of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Liberated Area and the Shandong Liberated Region marching into the northeast should set off quickly, "but in the name of the Northeast Local Army and the Volunteer Army, they should enter the northeast unofficially, and should not make any noise, not publish news, and not reluctantly make formal contacts and contacts with the Red Army." This shows that although the central authorities have long had a plan to win over the northeast, they have not yet made up their strategic determination to send a large force to fight for the northeast because they do not know much about the situation in the northeast, and because they have taken into account the restrictions of the treaty and the attitude of the unclear Soviet army. However, with the changes in the situation, the central authorities have become more and more aware of the northeast and have become more and more determined to win the northeast. The solution is getting clearer and clearer, and the determination to fight for the Northeast is also getting bigger and bigger.

In order to liberate Northeast China as soon as possible, expel the Kwantung Army, and cooperate with the Soviet Red Army to march into Northeast China, in late July 1945, the Anti-Japanese Union Teaching Brigade organized 290 people to form a small detachment and parachuted into the Mudanjiang River by Soviet planes. Eighteen areas, including Hailin, Panshi, Hailar, Manchuria, Solon, and Chifeng, carried out pre-war reconnaissance and provided military intelligence for the Soviet army.

On the eve of the Far Eastern Campaign, the Anti-Japanese Union was in a high state of readiness. At this time, they received a call from Stalin. Stalin pointed out: The northeast is the northeast of your Chinese people, the task of the Soviet Red Army is to liberate the northeast, and the task of building the northeast is yours. Await orders.

After hearing Stalin's telegram, the officers and men of the Anti-Japanese Union were greatly encouraged.

In August, the anti-Japanese coalition forces passed through the Sino-Soviet border camp and held a pledge meeting, and immediately followed the Soviet army to fully cooperate with the Soviet army in eliminating the Kwantung Army. Li Jingyin, former commander of the 1st Division of the 11th Army of the Anti-Japanese Alliance, who was carrying out arduous reconnaissance tasks behind enemy lines, led his troops to take the initiative to attack and cooperate with the Soviet troops in combat.

When the Soviet Red Army entered the Northeast Campaign, the Anti-Japanese Allied Forces returned to the northeast of the motherland from the territory of the Soviet Union, and under the unified command of the Soviet Army, they quickly stationed in 57 large and small cities, including Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Jilin, Jiamusi, Mudanjiang, Qiqihar, Yanji, Bei'an, Suihua, and Hailun.

Therefore, it can be said that the entire Great Northeast Anti-Japanese Union armed forces entered the earliest and took over the first.

In order to avoid the political axe of the Kuomintang and the tongue of the Americans, the commanders of the garrisons stationed in various cities were appointed by the Soviet side, while the commanders at all levels of the Anti-Japanese Federation were only deputy commanders. Zhou Baozhong, alias Lieutenant Colonel Fei Shaoyuan, served as deputy commander of the Changchun garrison, and Zhang Shouzhen, alias Li Zhaolin, served as deputy commander of the Harbin garrison. In addition, leaders such as Feng Zhongyun, Wang Xiaoming, and Wang Minggui also served as deputy commanders of the garrisons of 11 cities, including Shenyang, Jilin, and Qiqihar.

Since 1941, due to the needs of the struggle environment in Northeast China, the remnants of the Anti-Japanese Union entered the Sino-Soviet border camp and were assigned to the Soviet Army. The leaders of the Anti-Japanese Union established good relations with the commanders of the Soviet troops. Marshal Malinovsky of the Soviet Army made contact with the Central Committee of Yan'an [***], which was also achieved through Zhou Baozhong's arrangement.

After the anti-coalition forces entered the northeast, they assisted the Soviet army in eliminating the remnants of the puppet and reactionary forces, and on the other hand, they began to carry out the work of building the party, the army, and the government. The prefectural committees of Songjiang, Heilongjiang, Jiamusi, Mudanjiang, Jilin, Yanji, Changchun, and Shenyang as well as the subordinate municipal and county party committees were set up successively, and seven infantry regiments, five garrison regiments, seven garrison brigades, and two cavalry companies were formed.

After August 1945, the Great Northeast was extremely chaotic. The responsible cadres sent by the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and the [***] Central Committee have not yet arrived, and Chiang Kai-shek's formal "reception" team has not yet been finally set up.

In September 1945, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Army, which was the first to enter the Northeast with the Soviet Army, was renamed the Northeast People's Self-Defense Army, with Zhou Baozhong as the commander-in-chief, and Li Zhaolin and Feng Zhongyun also participated in the leadership work. By mid-October, the Self-Defense Army had grown to more than 40,000 people, and was actively engaged in the struggle to purge the remnants of the puppet army and oppose the Kuomintang "underground army." The Northeast Party Committee and the People's Self-Defense Army adopted various forms in various localities to continue the work of taking over the puppet regime and establishing a new regime, expanding the people's armed forces, mobilizing and organizing the masses, and closely cooperating with the Eighth Route Army's Jireliao troops to carry out the struggle against the enemy.

In short, the Anti-Japanese Union was the first people's armed force in China to regain the ownership of the Northeast that had been lost for 14 years from the invaders, and played a very important role in the takeover of the entire Great Northeast. The Anti-Japanese Union first entered the Northeast with the Soviet Army, creating extremely favorable conditions for [***] to take the lead in fighting for the right to operate in the Northeast.

The first Chinese armed forces to enter the northeast to sweep away the remnants of the puppet army and the enemy who refused to surrender were the headquarters of Li Yunchang of the Eighth Route Army led by [***].

In order to cooperate with the Soviet Red Army's march into the Northeast, on August 11, 1945, Zhu De issued the second order to order the former Northeast Army Lu Zhengying's headquarters to march from Shanxi and Suiyuan to Chahar and Rehe; Li Yunchang, who is now stationed on the border of Hebei, Rehe and Liaoning, is called Liaoning. Jilin marches. After receiving the order from the Yan'an General Headquarters, Li Yunchang, commander and political commissar of the Jireliao Military Region, held an emergency meeting in Dawangzhuang, Fengrun County, on 13 August to make arrangements for the operation.

Li Yunchang conveyed Yan'an's order at the meeting, and the commanders at all levels attending the meeting were excited.

Li Yunchang is a native of Leting, Hebei Province, devoted himself to the Chinese Revolution in his early years, was a student of the fourth phase of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1925, and was a member of China in the same year, and was one of the founders of [***] and the nephew of the early revolutionary Li Dachuang. He not only participated in armed struggles such as the Autumn Harvest Uprising, but also worked underground in the Manchuria Provincial Committee under the leadership of [***], and was very familiar with the Northeast. After receiving the order of the [***] Central Committee, after heated discussions, it was decided to set up an "Eastward Advance Committee" and a "Forward Command Post" headed by Li Yunchang on the basis of the party committee and the military region headquarters of the Jireliao Military Region. The troops were divided into three routes, and marched to the northeast at the fastest speed at each pass of the Great Wall. Among them, Shu Xing, commander of the 14th Army Division, and Li Ziguang, political commissar of the 14th Army, led the 13th Regiment, the 16th Regiment and the Northern Advance Detachment, totaling about 2,000 people, set out from Pinggu in eastern Hebei in mid-August and marched to Chengde and Weichang through Xinglong. Zhao Wenjin, commander of the 15th Army Division, and Song Cheng, political commissar of the Central Route, led the 11th Regiment and the Qing (Long) Ping (Quan) Detachment (later reorganized into the 51st Regiment), with a total of about 2,000 people, and advanced to Chifeng via Xifengkou and Pingquan on August 17. The eastern route led the 12th and 18th regiments and the North Korean detachment, totaling about 2,500 people, led by Zeng Kelin, commander of the 16th Army Division, and Tang Kai, deputy political commissar, from the Yingye District of Taitou, Funing, and marched to Jinzhou and Shenyang through Shimenzhai and Suizhong. The "forward command post" followed up with the troops of the Eastern Road. During the advance, heavy rains continued, rivers flooded sharply, and roads were muddy.

At this time, it was the height of summer, and the fierce attack of the Soviet army caused the army to stop resisting in many areas. However, a large number of puppet armies have not yet been fully disarmed, especially in the Jire area and inside and outside the Great Wall, many puppet armies still maintain their complete structure and command, stick to their strongholds, and refuse to surrender to the [***] army. During this period, there were 19 brigades, 27 "raiding teams", two cavalry regiments, and three regiments of the puppet North China "security army" in various places inside and outside the Great Wall, totaling about 100,000 people. It is said that the puppet local armed forces have not yet disintegrated. The troops of the Jireliao Military Region constantly fought with them on the way to the army.

When the west road entered the Xinglong area, the 24th and 25th brigades of the local puppet army and the "crusade team" refused to surrender, and the unit launched an attack on the enemy, and then annihilated it by reinforcements from the main force in eastern Hebei, capturing more than 3,000 officers and soldiers. The 17th Brigade of the puppet army in the Pingquan area was solved in the middle and joined the Soviet army on the plain. After that, they advanced to Lingyuan, Chifeng, and Chaoyang, received 8 county seats, and captured more than 5,000 puppet soldiers. The East Road Department set off on August 20, and braved heavy rain along the way to solve the puppet army in Shimenzhai and Jiumenmen. Since 25 August, the advancing troops of the Jireliao Military Region have been like bamboos, and all the puppet troops they encountered have been disarmed, and more than 122 guns have been surrendered. On the 27th, he detoured to Shanhaiguan and arrived at the front line of Suizhong County's avant-garde and central front office. On August 29, the East Road Advance Force captured more than 400 puppet soldiers and a batch of guns and supplies at the Qiansuo Station north of Shanhaiguan.

In the Liangshuihe area north of the avant-garde, the East Route troops joined forces with a combat detachment of the Soviet army that was galloping from Linxi and Chifeng to Shanhaiguan via Yekushou and Lingyuan. The 16th Army Division temporarily dispatched a number of buglers to form a "military band" and blew the welcome horn to welcome the arrival of the Soviet Red Army.

After the two armies met, the commanders of the two sides reached a consensus and decided to launch an offensive against the puppet army stationed at Shanhaiguan. After the East Route troops surrounded Shanhaiguan, the Soviet army sent an unconditional surrender ultimatum to the defenders of Shanhaiguan.

Shanhaiguan is an ancient city located at the eastern end of the Yanshan Mountains. It is located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, bordering the Bohai Sea in the south, Jiaoshan Mountain in the north, and the Great Wall in the west. In the tenth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1381), Zhu Yuanzhang sent the general Xu Da to set up Shanhaiwei in the northeast of Qinhuangdao, and built Shanhaiguan City in December of the following year. Since then, Shanhaiguan has become a military town in the eastern part of the Great Wall. The city wall of Shanhaiguan is 10 meters high, and the tolerance of five horses is parallel. The horizontal plaque of "the first pass in the world" stands majestically above the east gate. The whole city covers an area of 8 square kilometers, the mountain is steep, and the moat surrounds, the terrain is dangerous, easy to defend and difficult to attack, it can be said that "one man guards the pass, ten thousand people do not open", it has always been a place for soldiers to fight.

In order to force the puppet army guarding the pass to surrender, the troops of the 16th Division and the Soviet Red Army issued an ultimatum to the puppet army. The full text of the circular is as follows: As the Soviet political axe declared war on Yue and the powerful Soviet Red Army invaded the northeast, our Eighth Route Army has launched a large-scale counteroffensive against Yue in an all-round way. On August 15, Emperor Motomoto issued an edict to his own country accepting unconditional surrender. At present, the powerful armies of the Chinese Eighth Route Army and the Soviet Union have been approaching the city of Shanhaiguan, and representatives of China and the Soviet Union have been dispatched to send an ultimatum to the commander of the army stationed at Shanhaiguan, ordering the army and the puppet "Manchukuo" army stationed in Shanhaiguan to lead their troops to "surrender unconditionally to the Chinese and Soviet troops" at the Shanhaiguan railway station at 2 p.m.

Sincerely, the commander of the army stationed in Shanhaiguan, the commander of the Eighth Route Army of China, and the commander of the Red Army of the Soviet Union, said on August 30, 1945, that Shanhaiguan was guarded by about 2,000 puppet troops. These puppet troops, who had already received orders from their superiors to refuse to surrender, refused to surrender to the troops of the Eighth Route Army and the Jireliao Military Region. In the face of such a tall city wall at Shanhaiguan, the Jireliao troops were unable to open the city gate because of the lack of artillery, so Zeng Kelin, the commander of some districts of the Jireliao Institute, had to decide to encircle it first and then fight, and first clear the perimeter of the stronghold. On the day of 30 August, when Zeng Kelin's troops made a detour out of the customs and occupied the Qiansuo station to cut off the enemy's retreat at the Shanhaiguan Pass, they found that a small convoy of Soviet troops was dragging three flat-fire guns towards the Qiansuo area. Zeng Kelin then led everyone to hug them and warmly welcomed the Soviet officers and men. At first, Zeng Kelin's request for Soviet artillery to cooperate with the attack on Shanhaiguan was unsuccessful, because the Soviet army did not understand who these troops were, and did not dare to rashly express their position. Later, after Zeng Kelin's repeated requests, the Soviet commander agreed to a joint attack on Shanhaiguan.

At dawn on the 30th, the Soviet army began to fire artillery at Shanhaiguan, and 60 Soviet soldiers accurately delivered shells to the heads of the defending enemy with very skillful tactical skills. Zeng Kelin immediately ordered the troops of the army division to attack separately, and attacked the city after only one hour of fierce fighting, capturing more than 1,000 puppet soldiers, and most of the army fled south to Qinhuangdao. Shanhaiguan, the gateway to the northeast, was liberated. After a short rest and replenishment at Shanhaiguan, the East Route troops continued to advance northward, and entered Jinzhou on September 4 to join the Soviet army. During this period, two divisions of the puppet army in the Jinzhou area were eliminated. And the 18th Regiment formed the Jinzhou Garrison Command, which controlled the entire strategic town of Jinzhou in western Liaoning.

Zeng Kelin and Tang Kai won all the way and went smoothly. After the capture of Jinzhou, he led about 4 companies of the first division of the department to take the train and advance to Shenyang.

Because it was the first time for these Eighth Route Army to take a train, they were very surprised and elated. When the train went all the way down to Shenyang Station, the Soviet Red Army guards immediately became vigilant when they saw that there were so many Chinese [***] people of unknown origin on the train, so they immediately blocked the platform to prevent Zeng Kelin's subordinates from getting off the train.

Zeng Kelin is a typical military command cadre, who stresses efficiency in handling affairs, and will never accept the Soviet army's tricks. He immediately took people to the Soviet garrison headquarters in Shenyang to go through the formalities of release.

On 7 July, General Kravchenko, commander of the 6th Guards Tank Army of the Soviet Army stationed in Shenyang, met with Zeng Kelin and Tang Kai. The Soviet side proposed that due to the restrictions of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and relevant regulations, Shenyang should be handed over to the Kuomintang political axe, and the Eighth Route Army could not take over.

The commander of the Soviet garrison also asked bluntly: "What kind of army are you?" Where did it come from? Who called you here? If it weren't for the relationship between "Big Brother", Zeng Kelin would have "turned his face" long ago. He patiently explained that we were the Jireliao troops of the Eighth Route Army, and we were ordered by the Yan'an headquarters to go to the northeast to surrender. Who knows, the garrison commander refused, and drove Zeng Kelin and the others back to the train. After discussing with Tang Kai, Zeng Kelin decided to go to the Soviet headquarters again to negotiate. This time in front of the commander of the Soviet army, Zeng Kelin and Tang Kai had different attitudes. When Tang Kai joined the Chinese Revolution, he had tattooed a five-pointed star and the mark of a sickle and an axe on his arm, so he lit up his sleeve to reveal the mark on his arm and shouted: "[***], [***]! Finally, the Soviet army saw the doorway, changed their attitude, and finally agreed to the troops of the Jireliao Military Region to get off the train and enter the urban area of Shenyang. The troops that entered the Northeast in accordance with the requirements of the Soviet side were renamed the Northeast People's Autonomous Army, and the badge of the Eighth Route Army was removed. The Soviet Army Urban Defense Command informed its subordinate units that there were no restrictions on the activities of the People's Autonomous Army in various parts of the Northeast. Subsequently, the Shenyang Garrison Headquarters and Political Department of the Northeast People's Autonomous Army were established, with Zeng Kelin as commander, Tang Kai as political commissar, Zhang Huadong as deputy commander, and Tang Conglie as director of the Political Department.

In order to show the military might of the Eighth Route Army's Jireliao troops, Zeng Kelin reorganized his military appearance, and the troops put on the captured military uniforms and walked majestically on the streets of Shenyang with guns on their shoulders. For the first time, the people of Northeast China, who had been enslaved by Yuben for more than ten years, saw the Chinese's own army walking on the streets, and they poured into the streets to welcome them. Seeing that the Eighth Route Army was so popular with the people, the attitude of the Soviet army improved greatly. Two days later, General Kravchenko, the supreme commander of the Soviet troops in Shenyang, personally met with Zeng Kelin and Tang Kai and promised to cooperate.

With the support of the Soviet Red Army, Zeng Kelin let go of his hands and started working in Shenyang. The Shenyang Garrison Command was established, and he served as its commander. At that time, Shenyang was in chaos, and a large number of Japanese troops and overseas Chinese were waiting for the repatriation of the US [***] ship to China, and they were temporarily stranded in Shenyang. The common people of Northeast China have been subjected to more than ten years of colonial rule by the invaders, and they hate the bones of the invaders. Once they meet on the road, they will raise their fists and hit them to vent their anger for more than ten years. The Shenyang market is still maintained by the old puppet Manchurian police. The Soviet army was busy collecting the assets of the Soviet Union in Shenyang and dismantling the equipment of the military industrial enterprises, and stepped up the transfer back to China. Due to the large number of workers losing their jobs and the number of homeless people on the streets, Zeng Kelin and others immediately organized a supplementary force, and in less than 10 days, the number of troops rapidly expanded from less than 1,000 to 20,000. The Soviets intended to hand over an arms depot of the Kwantung Army in Sujiatun, Shenyang, to Zeng Kelin to guard. So Zeng quickly shipped 30,000 rifles, 300 machine guns and more than 100 artillery pieces. Due to the excessive movements, it annoyed the Soviet troops. The Soviet army was not so worried about the loss of these small arms, but because of the fear of provoking Chiang Kai-shek and the Americans. For this reason, the Soviet army ordered to drive out Zeng Kelin's department, but Zeng Kelin did not accept this at all, and confidently told the Soviet side that in order to drive us away, there must be an order from the Yan'an Central Committee. As a result, the Soviet side had no choice.

At the same time as entering Shenyang, the troops of the Jireliao Military Region occupied Liaoyang, Anshan, Fushun, and Benxi, and Li Yunchang, commander and political commissar, returned to Jinzhou and was responsible for receiving the troops of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army out of the customs according to the instructions of the central authorities. The troops of the Jireliao Military Region cooperated with the Soviet troops in the northeast, creating favorable conditions for the [***] organization and the people's army to further march into the northeast and establish a general base area in the northeast, and their historical merits cannot be buried.

Although the far-sighted and advanced leaders of [***] and other [***] leaders boldly made a series of measures to run the Northeast, what was the actual situation in the Northeast and the Soviet political axe and the Red Army? What is the attitude of the Soviet army towards [***] after entering the Northeast? The [***] and Zhou Enlai who were already in Yucheng, as well as the [***] central leaders who presided over the work of the [***] Central Committee in Yan'an, such as [***], Zhu De, and Ren Bishi, were not very clear, so it was urgent to obtain further new information in the above areas.

In order to understand the situation in the northeast, at this time, the Jiaodong District Party Committee had already sent Yue Qien and Zou Dapeng to lead a company of more than 100 people to cross the sea with radio stations to the Liaodong Peninsula to conduct strategic reconnaissance, and on 30 August they captured Zhuanghe County, and found that the Soviet army had only occupied a few large and medium-sized cities at that time, and the vast number of villages and small and medium-sized towns had not been occupied. Lü and Zou immediately reported these situations to the Shandong Military Region and forwarded them to the [***] Central Committee.

However, the above intelligence alone cannot solve the problem, and the central government still has concerns about deploying large-scale operations.

On 11 September, Lu Yi of the [***] Jiaodong District Party Committee, who had arrived in Dalian in the northeast to make informal contact with the Soviet Red Army, called to report on the situation after they arrived in the northeast. Although the Soviet side did not allow the army led by [***] to enter the large cities and key roads in the northeast, [***], who had an outstanding vision, still decided to increase the intensity of the march. On the same day, he reported to [***] that the Jiaodong District Party had sent Lu Yi to lead a platoon of armed men to Dalian by steamboat to contact the Red Army, and that he had now returned, and that a certain major general of the Red Army had unofficially contacted him. Allegedly, I was active in the countryside, and the Red Army did not interfere with it, and it was possible to organize unarmed groups in the big cities. At present, the Red Army only controls the big cities and key roads, and the countryside and small cities in the interior are quite chaotic; some of the puppet organizations are waiting for explanations, some are fleeing in fear of crime, and some small cities are occupied by bandits. I am a member of the Anti-Japanese League in the Northeast, and I have a great role and activities. After our platoon landed in Dalian, hundreds of people joined the work as soon as they were called. From Jiaodong to the northeast, the waterway is very convenient. It is also very safe, and there is no problem for troops to cross the sea. Jiaodong has decided to send two battalions and more than 100 troops to the northeast immediately. In light of the above situation, we have sent a telegram to Shandong to dispatch four divisions and 12 regiments, totaling 25,000 to 30,000 men, led by Xiao Hua, and disperse into the northeast. And has sent a telegram to all parts of North China to the northeast cadres to set off in a concentrated manner.

In order to accommodate this deployment, [***] suggested to [***] that a "well-known military commander" and a "top leader be sent to the northeast to lead." ”

After several telegrams and consultations, on September 13, the [***] Central Committee and [***] initially proposed that Peng Zhen, Kang Sheng, and Cheng Zihua go to the Northeast to "organize the Northeast Central Bureau, with Peng as the secretary, so as to quickly carry out the work in the Northeast." Late that night, [***] and Zhou Enlai replied to agree. At this point, the focus of the work of the [***] central government has shifted to the northeast to a considerable extent.

At that time, due to the activities of the [***] anti-Japanese army entering Shenyang and taking over some cities, it aroused the panic of the Kuomintang political axe and the attention of the United States, Britain and other countries. The Kuomintang political axe strongly accused the Soviet political axe of violating the provisions of the Sino-Soviet treaty and repeatedly protested, while the United States and Britain constantly exerted diplomatic pressure on the Soviet Union. Under the urgent and crucial complicated situation, Marshal Vasilevsky, commander-in-chief of the Soviet Army in the Far East, decided to send a representative to Yan'an to get in touch with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union after consulting the Central Committee of the CPSU.

On 14 September, Zeng Kelin, commander of the 16th Army Division of the Eighth Route Army's Jireliao Military Region, who had entered the northeast to recover Shanhaiguan and Jinzhou and other places and then quickly entered Shenyang on his own, with the approval of Li Yunchang, commander and political commissar of the Jireliao Military Region, accompanied Soviet Marshal Malinovsky, the plenipotentiary representative of the Soviet Army stationed in the northeast, Soviet Colonel Wisbev (translated as Lieutenant Colonel Berurousov in the Central Telegraph), and Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Xie Deming, to fly directly from Shenyang to Yan'an by Soviet transport plane.

On the morning of the 14th, Wesbeev and Zeng Kelin flew to Yan'an. After the plane landed at Yan'an Dongguan Airport, it was greeted by Yang Shangkun and Wu Xiuquan, who were familiar with the Russian language.

Zhu De, as the commander-in-chief of the Chinese anti-Japanese army, met with representatives of the Soviet army at the headquarters in Wangjiaping. He was accompanied by Wu Xiuquan. Serious negotiations took place between the two sides. The representatives of the Soviet army were instructed to convey the opinion of the Soviet side that in order to fulfill the provisions of the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, Changchun, Harbin, Shenyang and other large cities must be handed over to the Kuomintang. The Chinese side proposed that some areas of Rehe and Liaoning had been active by the Eighth Route Army since the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937, and that the Jireliao base area had been established, and that this area was not within the scope of the Sino-Soviet treaty and should be handed over to [***]. Wesbeev brought intriguing terms of negotiation to the [***] Central Committee. For example, "according to the instructions of the Red Army High Command, the entry of Chiang Kai-shek's army and the Eighth Route Army into Manchuria shall be carried out at a specially specified time": "Before the Red Army withdraws from Manchuria, neither Chiang Kai-shek's army nor the Eighth Route Army shall enter Manchuria"; He also demanded that Commander-in-Chief Zhu issue an order ordering the Eighth Route Army, which had entered Manchuria and Rehe, to "withdraw from the areas occupied by the Soviet troops." Due to the struggle between Zhu De and Wu Xiuquan, China and the Soviet Union finally reached an agreement, that is, the Soviet army agreed to completely hand over the two provinces of Jinzhou and Rehe, which were originally within the base area of the Jireliao Anti-Japanese Resistance, to [***] to take over (Jinzhou is a province in Manchuria and governs 14 counties in western Liaoning).

The record of Wesbeev's conversation is as follows: (1) According to the instructions of the Red Army High Command, the entry of Chiang Kai-shek's army and the Eighth Route Army into Manchuria should be carried out at a specially specified time.

(2) Before the Red Army withdrew from Manchuria, neither Chiang's army nor the Eighth Route Army were allowed to enter Manchuria.

(3) Since a single unit of the Eighth Route Army had already arrived in Mukden, Pingquan, Changchun, Dalian, and other places, the Red Army Commander asked Commander-in-Chief Zhu to order all the units to withdraw from the areas occupied by the Red Army.

(4) The Kuomintang troops that had entered Manchuria without the permission of the Red Army had been disarmed by the Red Army, and the Red Army High Command had told Commander-in-Chief Zhu that the Red Army was about to retreat soon, and that how the Chinese [***] squadron would enter Manchuria at that time should be resolved by China itself. We do not interfere in China's internal affairs, and China's internal problems are resolved by China itself. The marshal told the commander-in-chief that he had deep sympathy for the commander-in-chief personally, as well as for the Eighth Route Army.

Zhu De also handed over a letter to the representative of the Soviet military, asking him to forward it to Marshal Malinowsky. The contents of the letter were: (1) Your Envoy Lieutenant Colonel Berurousov has come here and learned that both the Kuomintang Army and the Eighth Route Army are required to enter Manchuria after the Red Army has withdrawn at a specially specified time.

(2) The troops of the Eighth Route Army, which had entered Shenyang, Changchun, Dalian, Pingquan and other points in Manchuria, were now ordered to quickly withdraw from the areas occupied by the Red Army.

(3) In each part of Rehe and Liaoning, the Eighth Route Army has been active since the outbreak of the war in mid-1937 and has created a base area, so please allow the Eighth Route Army in that area to remain in place.

[***] told the representatives of the Soviet army that the Central Committee was ready to send several comrades to Shenyang to liaise with the Soviet army, hoping to take the Soviet army plane together. The representative of the Soviet army agreed to this request of [***]. Afterwards, Zhu De arranged for the Soviet military representatives to be fed and lodging.

The central authorities attached great importance to the arrival of the representatives of the Soviet army and Zeng Kelin in Yan'an. [***], who presided over the work of the Central Committee, as well as leaders such as Zhu De, Ren Bishi, Chen Yun, Peng Zhen, Zhang Wentian, Peng Dehuai, Li Fuchun, and Ye Jianying, all decided to personally listen to the report on the situation.

In the afternoon, under the chairmanship of [***], the Political Bureau of the [***] Central Committee held an extraordinary meeting in Yangjialing. Zeng Kelin was led into the venue by Peng Zhen, and the meeting was presided over by [***], and central leaders such as Zhu De, Peng Dehuai, Ye Jianying, Chen Yun, Zhang Wentian, Ren Bishi, and Li Fuchun attended the meeting. [***] first said: "After the surrender of the invaders, [***] and Vice Chairman Zhou Enlai went to Yucheng to negotiate with the Kuomintang, and it was difficult to achieve results for the time being. In light of the current situation and the situation in the northeast, the party Central Committee has determined that the main tasks of our party and our army in the northeast are: to continue to crack down on the enemy and the puppet, to collect the enemy's weapons, to expand the people's armed forces, to mobilize the masses to maintain public order, to eliminate the Han and the Han annihilations, to eliminate the bandits, to establish base areas, and to strive to control the northeast, so that we can rely on it to strengthen the struggle of the people in the liberated areas of the country and in the areas ruled by the Kuomintang, and strive for the early arrival of peace. In order to strive to control the northeast, the central authorities are ready to send a large number of cadres and the main force to the northeast. However, we have been studying the northeast issue for several days, but we do not know the specific situation and cannot make up our minds. Now that the comrades of the Politburo are here, please talk about the situation in Northeast China, and the more detailed the better. Zeng Kelin first reported on the process of leading the troops of the 16th Division into the northeast, taking over various cities, and stationing in Shenyang, as well as the growth of the troops to more than 20,000 and still expanding. He also informed the leaders that since the people of Northeast China had suffered very much during the 14 years of his reign, they had joined the army one after another, and the mood for the struggle against the enemy was high, and it was easy for our army to expand its army. Hundreds of people have joined the army at each call, and we have now taken over many important factories and warehouses with large quantities of guns and ammunition. Military supplies, food. In addition, the Soviet army is only stationed in large cities and transportation arteries, and all small and medium-sized cities and villages are unmanaged, and order is chaotic.

At this time, Zeng Kelin was very excited, and the situation was discussed in great detail. He said that there is chaos in various parts of the northeast, weapons and supplies are piled up everywhere, unattended, and all kinds of light and heavy weapons can be taken at will. As long as anyone does not fly the banner of the Eighth Route Army and the Central Army, he can freely enter the northeast. You don't need a ticket to travel by train. It was very easy to recruit troops in the northeast, and our four companies entered Shenyang, expanding by 4,000 people in a week, and also incorporated a security team of more than 10,000 people, all equipped with new weapons. We have guarded all the important warehouses and factories in Shenyang, with hundreds of thousands of guns and thousands of cannons. There are too many ammunition to count. The Red Army occupied only large cities, and no one was in charge of small and medium-sized cities and villages.

Although the Red Army did not allow the Eighth Route Army to enter Manchuria, a few of our comrades went, and with the help of the Red Army, they could become mayors and garrison commanders!

(To be continued)