After the Duke of Zhou was enshrined in the Lu State by his son Bo Yu, he once admonished the Bo Yu to respect the sage, saying: I am the son of King Wen, the younger brother of King Wu, and the uncle of King Cheng, and my status is not low among the people in the world; But I wash my head once and hold my hair three times, and spit out the food I am chewing three times during a meal, and get up to receive the wise men, for fear of losing the wise men of the world; After you arrive in the country of Lu, you must not be arrogant because you own the land.

Duke Zhou knew that his identity was not inferior, and of course he knew that the identity of the king was more noble. King Cheng is the grandson of King Wen, the son of King Wu, and the bloodline is supreme, which is almost all the political capital when he ascended the throne. King Cheng inherited the great cause created by King Wen and King Wu, and inheriting the will is certainly an oath that must be fulfilled for King Cheng, and for the former ministers of King Wen and King Wu, it is a natural duty.

This poem implies the requirement for the former ministers of King Wen and King Wu to be loyal to King Cheng, and in this regard, the Duke of Zhou is a role model and a model. Although he did not forget to educate and guide his son, his main energy has always been focused on assisting the king, and his main political achievements are also in this. Although the Duke of Zhou and King Cheng are one minister and one king, one auxiliary for one day, but if you want to understand the political affairs of Cheng Wang, you often need to understand the Duke of Zhou first. Confucius also repeatedly expressed his respect and admiration for the Duke of Zhou.

Pity me, a three-foot boy, who is really sad when he is newly bereaved by his father, lonely and helpless.

sighed that his father was really great, and he was filial and filial all his life.

Remembering the great cause of my ancestors, Ren Xian dethroned the country and the country.

I have been in office since I was a young child, and I have been working diligently day and night to achieve success.

The first king made an oath before the spirit and inherited the will.

"Visiting": The king who inherited the will of King Wu

When King Wu died and King Cheng ascended the throne, the court was unstable, and King Cheng needed to rely on the princes, but he had to let himself take the initiative. Through this poem, King Cheng not only expressed his determination to inherit the will of King Wu, but also consolidated his power.

The circumstances of the ascension to the throne are very special. King Wu died in the second year after Keyin, leaving behind great power, and King Cheng was only a child at this time, and could not fill this huge void at all, so he was assisted by King Wu's younger brother Zhou Gong Regent. The regency was nothing but a transition to the formal rule of the new king, and during this transitional period, the Duke of Zhou not only had to deal with the government affairs of the court, but also gradually established the authority of the Son of Heaven as the king. Today's hymn reflects this effort to establish authority.

The key to establishing the authority of the new king lies in the attitude of the princes. During the lifetime of the first king, the princes submitted. However, when the first king dies and a new king ascends the throne, all the previously subservient princes may not all be able to regard the new king as the first king. As soon as King Cheng first ascended the throne, his control over the princes was naturally not as strong as when King Wu was in power, and the originally stable political situation became not so stable, and there were hidden crises that could break out at any time, which was also a normal thing.

The change of emperors, especially when young emperors replace mature and powerful emperors, provides opportunities for the redistribution of power among the princes, and this is also the source of the instability. Bringing the princes back into their firm grip became a difficult problem that the Zhou royal family had to face. At that time, the symbol of the Zhou royal family was King Cheng, and the actual ruler was the regent Duke of Zhou, in this sense, this poem embodies the thoughts of the Duke of Zhou, but it is expressed in the tone of King Cheng.

King Cheng told that he was young and lacked experience in governing the country, and asked the princes to assist, which was not only to state the truth, but also to express sincerity. Of course, these are not enough, and for the princes, what is more needed is deterrence. The route policy is according to the father, the father is wise and great, the father here is King Wu of Zhou, and he proposed twice to follow the way of King Wu, and the shock is also given in this way.

The princes who participated in the sacrifice were all given titles by the king of Wu, and they should be rewarded with loyalty, which is a moral deterrent. Although King Wu died of illness, the state apparatus he had established, including the powerful army, was still there, which was a deterrent to strength. The most powerful deterrent should be the determination to follow the way of King Wu expressed in the poem, if the route and policy according to King Wu still seem general, but according to the court training of the previous king, Ren Xian and Su Dynasty are already very specific.

One of the preparations made by King Wu before the war was that "the court set rewards and punishments to affirm the merits of the ancestors", which is similar to "only follow the court training of the previous king, and appoint the virtuous and depose the Su dynasty". The situation in which King Cheng finds himself at this time is even more severe, and the measures he takes will be more severe. After Shun ascended the throne, he exiled Gonggong to Youzhou, exiled Donkey to Chongshan, expelled Sanmiao to Sanwei, and exiled Kun to Yushan; These four people were punished, and everyone in the world was convinced. This is something that King Cheng can emulate, and it can also be implemented by the Duke of Zhou, who assists him.

This poem is actually a declaration of the Zhou royal family's determination to consolidate power, an oath to the spirit of King Wu in the sky, and an explanation of the policy of the princes.

At the beginning of his reign, the state affairs were discussed, and the route policy was based on his father.

The way of the first king is too profound, and the experience is not abundant.

Even if the ministers come to help, I am afraid that it will not be appropriate.

He is young and lacks experience, and his family and country are really busy.

However, in accordance with the court training of the previous king, Ren Xian deposed the Su Dynasty.

My father is wise and great, bless me and encourage me to be healthy.

"Jingzhi": The king who has gradually matured politically

This is a poem of King Cheng's self-discipline and self-admonition, the main content of which is that King Zhou Cheng warned himself to respect heaven and study diligently, and warned the ministers, hoping that the ministers could fully assist. At this time, King Cheng had already had a period of ruling experience with the assistance of the Duke of Zhou, and was gradually maturing. There are two meanings that King Cheng wants to express in his poems, one is an admonition to his ministers, and the other is a strict requirement for himself.

King Cheng used the Mandate of Heaven to warn his ministers that because of his status as the Son of Heaven, he naturally had condescending authority. The supervision of heaven is the most obvious, and it is really difficult to maintain the mandate of heaven, and the form is a purely objective narrative, but the purpose is to emphasize that the Zhou royal family is orthodox in accordance with the mandate of heaven, and the ministers must keep this in mind and support and obey the king of Zhou.

Don't say that it is high above, things are determined by it, and it monitors the bottom every day. The admonition to the ministers is even more obvious in these three sentences. Among them, the rise and fall can only be a measure imposed by the Zhou royal family on the ministers, and the daily monitoring of this is not so much the clear observation of the sky, but the emphasis on the Zhou royal family's knowledge of the misdeeds of the ministers, such a deterrent meaning is self-evident.