1. Alexandria (Egypt): Time 2nd century BC - 10th century AD, after the establishment of the Macedonian Empire, Alexander the Great built Alexandria, and then in the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, and Arab Empire, Alexandria prospered for more than 1,100 years. 2. Quanzhou (China): Time 10th century A.D. - 1368 A.D., after the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, China entered the Song and Yuan dynasties with a highly developed commodity economy, and the Song Dynasty was forced to invade and destroy the ancient Silk Road by Liao and Western Xia, and had to vigorously develop the role of the Maritime Silk Road, Quanzhou surpassed Alexandria and became the world's largest port.

3. Venice (Italy): 1368-1484 AD, after China entered the Ming Dynasty, the role of Quanzhou Port plummeted, although there was still Zheng He's feat of going to the West in the early Ming Dynasty, but China's maritime trade in the Ming Dynasty declined rapidly, and Venice replaced Quanzhou as the world's largest port. At that time, Venice was a republic and the largest free port in Europe, and Venice was supported by the papacy. The prosperity of Venice also led to a high degree of prosperity in the artisanal workshops of other Italian cities, giving rise to the germ of capitalism.

4. Barcelona (Spain): From 1484 to 1588 AD, the Spaniards began the earliest geographical discoveries in the world, and since then, Spain has carried out colonial expansion all over the world, and maritime trade is also highly prosperous.

5. London (England): From 1588 to 1894, during the Tudor period, due to the rule of Queen Elizabeth I, the British capitalist economy developed rapidly, and defeated the Spanish "Invincible Armada" in 1588, after which the major ports of Spain declined rapidly, and London became the world's largest port. After the British Industrial Revolution, Britain became the world's factory and the world's empire, and London's status as the world's largest port lasted for 300 years.

6. New York (USA): Time 1894-1962, during the second industrial revolution, the United States rose rapidly with its vast land and emerging technology, and in 1894, the industrial output value of the United States surpassed Britain and Germany to become the world's first, and the port of New York also became the world's largest port. The two world wars caused the decline of all major European ports, but New York is still the world's most prosperous port industry and trade city.

7. Yokohama (Japan): From 1962 to 1986, after World War II, Japan relied on the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and establishing itself through trade, and soon became the second largest industrial power in the capitalist world after the United States. After the rise of Japan, Japan's major ports are thriving, Yokohama, Kobe, Nagoya have surpassed New York to become a world-class port, Yokohama has become the world's largest port relying on the developed Tokyo, and its port throughput accounts for 1/2 of Japan.

8. Rotterdam (Netherlands): From 1986 to 2005, at the end of the 80s of the 20th century, Japan's economy was in decline, and Yokohama's port throughput continued to decline. In the 90s, Japan's economy was in a long-term downturn, and at this time, the United States diverted New York's port functions due to the great development of Seattle, San Francisco, and Baltimore, so that New York did not restore its status as the world's largest port. In Europe, the development of the European Union has made great progress, European economic integration has gradually strengthened, Rotterdam is located at the mouth of the Rhine River, its economic hinterland is vast, and the hinterland is a developed industrial country, becoming the most prosperous trading port in Europe, but also the world's largest port.

9. Shanghai (China): In 2005, China's economy took off rapidly at the end of the 20th century, in 2005, Shanghai surpassed Rotterdam and Singapore to become the world's largest port by virtue of its leading advantage in China's economy, and with the growing strength of China's economy, Shanghai's position as the world's largest port will be more stable.