The pre-funeral memorial is made of simple and unpretentious utensils, because the sorrow of the filial son is also undisguised. Only after the funeral auspicious sacrifice, the filial son does his godly heart and uses the written ornament. There is no need to ask God whether he really enjoyed the sacrifice, and the filial son is just showing his solemn and respectful feelings. Beating one's chest and feet when crying is a sign of extreme grief; However, a certain number of times is stipulated, which is to make the filial son have some moderation and not to mess around.

Unbuttoning his shirt to reveal his left arm, removing the heterogeneous and using hemp hair instead, this is a change in the appearance and clothing of the filial son. The mood is melancholy, this is a change in the sad feelings of the filial son. To go out and embellish is to remove the beauty. Showing the left arm and tying the hair with hemp is an extreme expression of removing the ornamentation. But sometimes you have to show your left arm, and sometimes you have to put on your shirt, which is also to control your sorrow. Wearing a knight wrapped in a gel to hold a funeral, it is a ritual to associate with the gods. Therefore, the Zhou people came to the funeral with Jue Qi, and the Yin people wore it to find the funeral. Three days after the death of the Qin people, an effort should be made to make the master, the housewife, and the chief steward drink some gruel, for they had been unable to eat water for three days due to excessive grief, and feared that they would fall ill.

For families above the doctor's level, the king ordered them to eat. After the funeral, he returned to the ancestral temple to cry, and the host went up to the main hall and wept, that is, he returned to the place where the deceased met the crown and marriage before his death and wept; Housewives enter the chamber and weep, that is, they go back to the place where the deceased was fed and wept. When filial piety and others cry back, relatives and friends must come to condole, because this is the saddest moment for filial piety. When I came back, I couldn't see any trace of my relatives, and my relatives were gone forever.

The Yin people condoled their filial sons after the burial, while the Zhou people went to condolences when they returned to cry. Confucius said: The practice of the Yin people is too simple, and I agree with the practice of the Zhou people. Buried in the northern suburbs, with the head facing north, this is the common practice of the Xia Shang Dynasty. This is because the spirits are going to dark places. After the coffin is lowered to the tomb, the owner puts the bundle and other objects into the enlargement, which is called a gift. Before that, the wisher first went back to invite the corpse that served as the sacrifice. After weeping, the master and the clerks went to inspect the sacrifices that had been sacrificed.

At the same time as the filial son returns from the cemetery, the relevant personnel should also set up a table and set up a sacrifice on the left side of the curtain to worship the god of the cemetery. After returning, the Yu sacrifice is performed at noon. The Yu sacrifice was held on the day of the burial because the filial son could not bear to be separated from the dead Qin people one day. In the same month, the laying of the corpse was changed to the sacrifice of the corpse. When it is time to hold the weeping sacrifice, the wisher should make a speech to explain that the funeral sacrifice has been completed and the auspicious sacrifice has begun. On this day, the number of auspicious offerings began to be used instead of the number of funeral offerings.

The day after the death weeps, an orange festival is held at the ancestral temple so that the spirits of the newly dead are attached to the grandfather. In the process of turning the funeral sacrifice into an auspicious sacrifice and holding the side sacrifice, it must be carried out day after day, because the filial son cannot bear to let the soul of the deceased have no place to return one day. Because of this, the Yin people only held the citrus festival after the anniversary festival, and the Zhou people held the citrus festival after the death wept, and Confucius thought that the Yin people's practice was better.

When the monarch goes to mourn the funeral of his courtiers, he must let the witch take a peach branch and sweep away the unknown; Let the guards defend with Ge. The reason why this is done is different from the etiquette of treating the living. The number of funerals, this is explained by the first king. The wisher takes a broom to ward off evil spirits, and he hates the evil of the dead. There is also a ritual for the dead (this paragraph is problematic)

In the funeral, before the funeral, the ancestral temple should be worshipped, which is the filial piety of obeying the deceased's "must be told". The deceased was saddened to leave the former residence, so he first went to the temple of Zukao to say goodbye one by one before setting off. The Yin people were buried in the ancestral temple after the ancestral temple, and the Zhou people were buried after the temple.

Confucius believed that those who were buried with Ming utensils really understood the truth of funeral, and the utensils were also complete, but they were seen but not used. How heartbreaking! Isn't the use of the utensils of the living for private use as close to the burial of the living? The reason why the burial utensils are called Ming utensils means that the deceased is regarded as gods. Cars made of clay and people made of thatch have existed since ancient times, and this is the ins and outs of Ming utensils. Confucius believed that the person who invented the use of the spirit was a kind-hearted person, while the person who invented the figurines was an unkind person. Isn't martyrdom with a dummy approach to burial with a living person?

Lu Mugong asked Zisi for advice: The doctor left the homeland openly, and the homeland still treated him politely, in this case, the monarch of the old country died, and the doctor rushed back to the homeland to serve the old monarch for the three months, is this a etiquette that has existed since ancient times? Zisi said: The ancient monarchs treated each other with courtesy when employing people, and treated each other with reason when they did not use people, so there was a courtesy to serve the old monarch. The current monarch, when he needs to employ people, is like holding people into his arms, and the affection is incomprehensible, and when he doesn't need to employ people, it is like pushing people into the abyss, and he will want to put them to death. Treat the courtiers like this, it's good if the courtiers don't lead his ** team to come to the crusade, where can we talk about rebelling for the old king?

When Lu Mourning Gong died, Ji Zhaozi asked Meng Jingzi: What kind of food should I eat for the monarch's mourning? Keiko said: You should drink gruel, which is a common practice in the world. But our middle grandson, uncle grandson, and Ji grandson are famous for bullying the monarch, and no one in the Quartet does not know about it. It is not impossible for me to make my body thin by drinking porridge, but does not that make people suspect that our emaciation is not the sorrow of our hearts, so why bother? So I still eat as usual.

Situ Jingzi, who defended the country, died, and Zixia went to mourn, and before the master held a small funeral, he wore a button and went in. And Ziyou went to mourn, but he was wearing regular clothes. After the owner passed the small funeral, Ziyou hurriedly went out, and only returned to cry after putting on the retinue. Zixia asked Ziyou: Have you heard anyone say this before? Zi Lobbying: I heard the teacher say that before the owner has not changed his clothes, the hanger should not wear the scriptures.

Zeng Zi said: Yan Zi can be said to be a person who knows etiquette, and the key to etiquette is just a respect, and Yan Zi is not lacking in this. It is said that Yan Zi wore a fox skin robe for 30 years, and when handling his father's funeral, he only used 1 dispatch car, and there were few burial utensils, so he returned after the burial quickly. According to the rules, the body taken by the monarch is 7 packs, and the cart should be 7; The doctor is 5 packs, and the dispatch car should be 5. Yan Zi doesn't follow the rules at all, how can he be said to be a person who knows etiquette? Zeng Tzu said: When the country has not been governed well, the gentleman is ashamed to copy the rules of etiquette. When luxury is in vogue among the countrymen, a gentleman should set an example of frugality; When frugality is common among the countrymen, a gentleman should set an example by doing things according to abundant numbers.

When Kuni Zhaozi's mother died, he asked Zizhang for advice: After being buried in the cemetery, how should the man and woman be in place? Zizhang said: For Situ Jingzi's funeral, my teacher was the master of ceremonies, and the man and the woman stood on both sides of the tomb, with the man facing west and the woman facing east. Kuniakiko said: Ah! Don't do this. Then he said, "When I have a funeral, many guests will come to watch the ceremony." You are the master of ceremonies, but you have to be with the guests, the host and the host, and the woman on the host's side behind the man and all facing west.

When Mu Bo died, Jing Jiang cried during the day as his wife, Hikari. When Wenbo died, Jing Jiang cried day and night as his mother. Confucius commented: She is really a person who understands manners. When Wen Bo died, Jing Jiang leaned against his bed and stopped crying, saying: Once upon a time, I had this son, and I saw that he was very talented, and I thought that he would become a sage in the future, so I never went to his office to observe. Now that he is dead, none of his friends and ministers shed tears for him, but his wives and concubines wept bitterly for him. From this point of view, this child must have had a lot of waste in terms of etiquette in receiving people and things. Ji Kangzi's mother died, and when the clothes used in the small funeral were displayed, even the underwear was displayed. Jing Jiang said: The woman is not dressed up, she does not dare to see her in-laws, not to mention that now that the guests outside are coming, how can the underwear be displayed here? So the order was given to remove the underwear.

Youzi and Ziyou were standing together, and they saw a little child crying and looking for their parents. Youzi lobbied for Zi: I have never known why there is a pause rule in the funeral, and I have long wanted to abolish this rule. Now it seems that the filial son's feelings of sorrow and longing should be the same as this child, as long as it comes from the heart, you can cry as much as you want, what are the regulations! Sub Lobbying: Some of the various rules of etiquette are used to restrain feelings, and some are used to arouse people's inner feelings with the help of external things. If there is no uniform regulation, whoever wants can do whatever he wants, and that is the practice of barbarian peoples. Not if you act according to etiquette. People feel happy when they encounter something gratifying, and they want to sing when they feel happy. When singing is not enough, I shake my body. It's not enough to shake your body, so you dance. After dancing wildly, there is a feeling of anger, and when you have a feeling of anger, you will feel sad, and sadness will lead to sighing.

I didn't feel enough to vent just sighing, so I beat my chest. Pounding your chest isn't good enough, so you're going to have to pause. The distinction and moderation of these feelings and actions is called propriety. When a man dies, he is detested; And if a private person has no capacity to act, people will turn their backs on him. Therefore, the purpose of making hangings to cover up the corpses and setting up wilting moments as coffin decorations is to make people not feel annoying. When a man has just died, he is honored with preserved meat and sauce; will be buried, and a send-off memorial will be set up; After the burial, there is a series of feeding sacrifices. Although the spirits have never been seen to enjoy the sacrifices, they do not give up the sacrifices because of this, and the cemetery is to prevent people from turning their backs on the dead. Therefore, the criticism you just made about Li is really not a fault of Li.

Wu invaded Chen, cut down trees in Chen's shrine, and killed the people of Chen, who were infected with epidemics. When Wu's squad withdrew from Chen's borders, Chen sent Dazaihuo as an envoy to Wu's army. The husband said to the pedestrian instrument: This man is very good at talking, why don't we try to ask him. Every army must have a good reputation, and I asked him what people think of our army. When the pedestrian asked this question, Dazai replied: When the ancient army invaded the enemy's country, it did not cut down the trees of the enemy's shrine, did not kill the sick people, and did not capture the gray-haired elderly. And now the army of your country is not killing the sick people, and should it not be called the army that kills the sick people? And ask: What will you say if we return the land we have usurped and return the captive people? He replied, "Your king has raised a crusade against our country because of his sin, and now he has mercy on our country and pardons him, why should such a righteous teacher not have a good name?"

When Yan Ding was mourning, he had a good grasp of when to have a sad expression; When the Qin people just died, they were six gods and no masters, as if they eagerly hoped that the Qin people would come back from the dead but couldn't; When it came to the funeral, I felt attached to it, as if I wanted to follow my loved ones but couldn't do it. After the burial, he felt a sense of loss, as if he was worried that the soul of the Qin people would not have time to go home with him, so he stopped and looked forward to it.

Zizhang asked: "Shangshu" said that during the three-year mourning period, Yin Gaozong concentrated on keeping filial piety and did not say a word, and when he took off his mourning clothes and spoke, people felt very happy, is there really such a thing? Confucius said: How can there be no such thing! You must know that in ancient times, whenever the Son of Heaven died, the prince handed over state affairs to the prime minister for 3 years, and the prime minister governed on his behalf, so there could be no words about state affairs.

Zhi Mourning died and was not yet buried, Jin Pinggong drank wine by himself, and there were also Shi Kuang and Li Diao as accompaniment, and they struck the bell and played music. When Du Zheng came in from outside, and when he heard the bell, he asked the guards, "Where is the king?" He replied, "In bed." Du Zheng hurriedly walked to the main bed, climbed up the hall step by step, poured a glass of wine, and said, "Kuang, drink this glass of wine!" He poured another glass of wine and said, "Tune, drink this wine!" Then he poured another cup, sat down in the hall to the north, drank it himself, and then walked down the hall and walked out quickly.

Ping Gong stopped him, ordered him to come in, and said, "Son, just now I thought you might have inspired me, so I didn't talk to you." Now I want to ask you, why do you order Shi Kuang to drink? Shi Kuang said: Ziri and Mao Day, these two days are taboo days for the monarch, and he does not dare to play music, so he uses them to make himself vigilant. Now that the mourning son has stopped in the hall, this is more important than the day when the king is jealous of you, how can you drink and play music? Master, if he doesn't report this truth to you, he will be punished for drinking.

;