readx; If we pay attention to the August 1945 "Distribution Table of Units Surrendered in China's Theaters", we can easily find two phenomena: one is that there is no surrendered share of the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army under the leadership of [***] in this distribution table; The other is that in addition to the "theater of operations", the surrendered units of [***] also have "front armies", which seem to come from two systems. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info

The "theater" system during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression was determined at the Nanyue Conference in 1937, and from then until the end of the war, although the division of the various theaters was adjusted (from the initial five theaters to the maximum of 12 theaters and two guerrilla zones), the command mode remained basically unchanged, and the "Chairman of the Supreme Military Commission" issued various orders through the Ministry of Military Affairs.

In the second half of 1944, the Central Military Commission set up a separate "Army General Headquarters" under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Military Affairs, with He Yingqin as the commander-in-chief, with the intention of "carrying out a strategic counteroffensive." In this way, the Military and Political Department, which is in charge of the affairs of the theater, is called the "Defensive Command," and the newly released "Army General Headquarters" is called the "Counteroffensive Command" -- the idea of separating strategic offensive and strategic defense into two separate booths that are not subordinate to each other is probably something that only Chairman Chiang can come up with.

Generally speaking, the Ministry of Military Affairs leads the major theaters, with a large number of troops and a large territory. The commander-in-chief of the army, although he had fewer men and horses, appeared more elite and had better weapons and equipment. "General Lu" had four front armies under its jurisdiction, Lu Han on the one hand, Zhang Fakui on the second front, Tang Enbo on the third front, and Wang Yaowu on the fourth front, and the "Kunming Defense Command" (the basic force was the "expeditionary force") led by Gao Fei -- at that time, the vast majority of the "American mechanics" were concentrated under the command of "General Lu," and the Kuomintang paratroopers called the "Army Assault Corps" were of course also part of the "counteroffensive command."

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Ministry of Military Affairs and other theaters except the Eighth Theater participated in the surrender; As for the "General Army," the armies of the four fronts were also assigned to the surrendered areas, and the status of the two major systems was basically equal. Therefore, at this time, who will accept the surrender of the supreme commander of the invading army on behalf of the Central [***] team has become the focus of common concern of both sides.

Of course, Chen Cheng, Minister of Military Affairs, hoped to receive the honor of "General Representative of the Surrender," but Chairman Chiang finally decided to hand over this mission to Army Commander-in-Chief He Yingqin. It is said that there are several reasons for this:

First of all, Chen Cheng's surname is hard and mean, while He Yingqin is cautious and a good gentleman, and Commander-in-Chief He is the representative of the surrender, which can better reflect President Jiang's compassionate mind of "repaying grievances with virtue".

Secondly, He Yingqin was born in the "non-commissioned officer school", the so-called "one Whampoa, two land universities, and three non-commissioned officers", Chen Cheng accounted for two of them, but He Yingqin had all three. Among the high-ranking Kuomintang generals, He Yingqin belonged to a figure who had both a background in the military academy and a deep relationship with the Whampoa department; he was not only fluent in the language, but also familiar with the establishment and management habits of the army, which was more conducive to carrying out exchange work.

There is another very important one. In 1935, Chiang Kai-shek sent He Yingqin to negotiate with the North China garrison, and finally signed the infamous "He-Mei Agreement". At that time, Lao He not only suffered a lot of anger in front of Umezu Mijiro, but was also scolded by the national public opinion, making him not a human being inside and out. But Lao He was righteous enough, knocked out his teeth and swallowed blood, and carried all the infamy by himself, and did not involve Chairman Jiang like Zhang Shaoshuai, so Lao Jiang sent Lao He as the "surrendered representative" this time, which can be regarded as a kind of compensation for him, and it can also be said that it gave him a chance to restore his reputation. Since the "commander-in-chief of the army" came forward to accept the surrender, of course, the troops of the third theater could not be allowed to play tricks, but the elite soldiers and horses of the "army commander" were all in the rear of the southwest at this time, so how could they be sent to Nanjing? Only by air.

Cai Yuanfei: They received an order to go to Nanjing on September 7. At that time, Jin Suozhu, the task force that had entered the city in advance, was handling the handover procedures at the same time, and ordered the management personnel to dispose of the "surplus materials" at hand within one day, which made Cai Yuanfei worried.

The so-called "surplus materials" are actually inventory in pseudo warehouses. The items on hand of others are easy to handle, but there are fifty tons of manganese ore in the single material managed by Cai Yuanfei. Originally, this was the military raw material that the army salached from the Xiangtan mining area to be transported to Yueben, and at this time, no one would be willing to spend money to buy such useless things. Sergeant Cai told the commanders about his difficulties, but the captain and the detachment leader refused to give up: "No matter how difficult it is, you have to do it, hurry up and find a way, if you can sell it for a few dollars, it will be a waste to leave it to others."

Think of a way, what else can be done? I had to go to find a few wronged people.

At this time, the affairs of the prison had not yet been handed over, and Cai Yuanfei hurriedly brought out the four Han Jian compradors of the Wanchang Trading Company of the puppet chamber of commerce from the trumpet and said to them: "As long as you buy these manganese ores, even if you have meritorious service, you can be let go home." ”

The four guys were a little uneasy: "Manganese ore is a military material, and it is inevitable that they will be arrested if others know about it." ”

"Stupid. Wouldn't it be a great achievement for you to take the ore first, and then hand it over to the 18th Army? Who will arrest you again? ”

The comprador of Han Jian thought about it and felt that this method of breaking the fortune and avoiding disasters was still more cost-effective, so he made a deal.

When Cai Yuanfei got the approval slip for the release from Commissioner Jin Yuanxun, Han Jian's family had already raised the money, a full 10,000 yuan. According to the market price of Changsha at that time, a piece of ocean was equivalent to 400 yuan of legal currency. When Jin Suozhu saw that a large pile of useless mineral sand had turned into four million cash, he was immediately so happy that he couldn't keep his mouth shut, and praised again and again, "Clever!" What a job! ”

In the early morning of September 8, 1945, the Second Paratrooper Team boarded the plane from Xinhe Airport in the north of Changsha, took six C46s, and flew directly to Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China.

At 8 o'clock in the morning, the plane landed at Nanjing Minggong Airport. At this time, there was already an unfamiliar lieutenant colonel officer waiting for everyone next to the runway. He is Liu Nongjiao, the new chief of staff of the assault corps. Director Liu was transferred after the Second Paratrooper Team landed in Hunan, so he never even saw Jin Suozhu. However, the lieutenant colonel was very kind, and the paratroopers had a good impression of him.

Liu Nongjian is a native of Shaodong, Hunan, and some information says that he graduated from the Central Military Academy in a certain period, but it is not accurate. At that time, he attended the Kuomintang Military Transportation Technical School, which was later incorporated into the Central Military Academy, and Liu Nongjian also had the qualification of "equivalent to Whampoa".

In the warehouse next to the airport, the paratroopers were tidying up their military appearance while listening to Liu Nongjian's assignments.

Director Liu said that the mission of the paratrooper unit this time is to serve as an honor guard for the signing ceremony of the surrender of the Chinese theater. A few days ago, the third paratrooper team had already flown from Zhijiang to Nanjing, and the fourth team had also come here from Kunming -- these two teams were the first batch of teams to pass the assessment, and they had the longest time of intensive training and the highest professional and technical level -- but "General Lu" felt that they had not fought a war since they were formed, and that they were slightly insufficient compared to the "Hundred Battles Heroic Division" sent by the New First Army, so he temporarily asked for an additional team with a record record. At this time, the first paratrooper team had already decided to participate in the surrender ceremony of the Second Front Army in Guangzhou, so the surrender of Ningci in Nanjing's Kangang Village fell on the head of the second team.

Director Liu said: "You have military merits and murderous spirit, and if you go out, you will definitely be able to suppress myself!" ”

Captain Li Haiping of the Third Paratrooper Team also said: "Commander-in-Chief He's plane will arrive in a while. Originally, our third team was ready to welcome the special plane, but now that you are here, the opportunity to show your face will be handed over to your second team. ”

Everyone was very happy to say this.

After cleaning up, the second paratrooper team, under the leadership of Director Liu Nongjian and Captain Jin Suozhu, walked to the tarmac with neat steps.

At this time, tens of thousands of people from all walks of life have gathered at the Ming Palace Airport, holding flowers and gongs and drums, waving national flags and welcome banners, all of them are elated.

On the tarmac, the honor guard and military band of the New 6th Army were lined up, and the second paratrooper team stood with them.

The New 6th Army was flown to Nanjing from Zhijiang Airport in Hunan. They sent two divisions this time, the 14th Division was responsible for the garrison of Nanjing, and the new 2nd Division took over Zhenjiang and Yangzhou. In addition, the 26th Division, which was temporarily transferred back, was also temporarily transferred to the command of the New 6th Army to be responsible for the defense of Changzhou and Wuxi.

Towards noon, a large group of senior officials stepped out of the terminal. Navy Commander Chen Shaokuan, who walked in front, wore a white admiral's dress, which looked particularly conspicuous, and behind him were Gu Zhutong, commander of the Third Theater and chairman of Jiangsu Province, and Tang Enbo, commander of the Third Front Army and commander of the Beijing-Shanghai Garrison

After a while, He Yingqin's special plane flew to Nanjing Airport under the escort of nine fighter planes.

The plane did not land immediately, but circled several times over the city of Nanjing. Every time the group circled at a low altitude, the people on the ground cheered, and it was really lively -- Commander-in-Chief He's special plane for landing was very particular; the previous time he landed from Yucheng to Zhijiang, and he took the "Zhongzheng", and this time he returned to Nanjing to sign, and the landline was replaced by the "Meiling." It is indeed all-encompassing.

At about 1 o'clock, the special plane finally landed, He Yingqin walked down the gangway, and he arrived on the same plane as Gu Zhenggang (Minister of Social Affairs and director of the Reception Committee), He Jinhan (deputy director of the Ministry of Social Affairs and director of the Selection Committee), Ding Weifen (deputy director of the Ministry of Social Affairs and director of the Pension Committee), Li Weiguo (deputy director of the Kuomintang Propaganda Department), and Lieutenant General McCloo, an old acquaintance of the paratrooper unit and commander of operations of the US military.

At this time, the airport was noisy with gongs and drums, melodious military music, colorful flags flying, bouquets waving, accompanied by the shouts of thousands of people, and suddenly turned into a sea of joy. Female students from Nanjing presented Commander-in-Chief He with a bouquet of flowers and two pennants, one with the words "The Moon Shines Again" and the other with the words "The Party-State Cadre City." A large group of reporters rushed forward to take pictures, blocking the gangway entrance.

After tossing for a long time, He Yingqin "broke out of the encirclement" and, accompanied by Chen Shaokuan and Gu Zhutong, inspected the honor guard of the New 6th Army and the paratroopers. After the review, I originally thought that the commander-in-chief would deliver an important speech or something, but I didn't expect him to stand in front of the team for two minutes, without saying a word, and hurriedly walked in the direction of the terminal, which made everyone inexplicable - I later learned that Gangcun Ningci also came to the airport to greet He Yingqin, because it was inconvenient to show up, and was waiting for the driver in the waiting room.

Coming out of the airfield, the second paratrooper team went by car to the pre-arranged station. As soon as he arrived at the guest house on Zhongshan North Road, Cai Yuanfei was called by the captain to a meeting, and it turned out that he had been selected to serve as the "on-site guard" at the site of the surrender signing ceremony.

It is a very rare opportunity to be able to be the honor guard inside the surrender venue. In total, only 12 places were allocated for paratroopers, of which 4 were officers and 8 enlisted men.

The personnel who served as "internal guards" had to stay in a centralized place at the "Army General Headquarters", and Jin Suozhu drove his jeep and had to personally send everyone there. Cai Yuanfei asked suspiciously: "You just arrived in Nanjing, can you find a place?" ”

Jin Suozhu laughed: "Don't worry! You can get there with your eyes closed. ”

The car drove to the intersection of Zhongshan East Road and Huangpu Road, and saw a large archway erected at the intersection.

The memorial arch is divided into three layers, the top is hung with the national flag of the "four great powers" of China, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union, the middle is inlaid with the Kuomintang emblem, and the bottom is a horizontal plaque, which reads "Peace and Eternal Laying" four big characters. The whole archway is beautifully decorated with colorful bouquets of flowers and pine and cypress, and there are majestic guards standing under the archway.

Entering from this intersection, passing through the gate of the Central Military Academy, the military academy square, and the auditorium of the military academy, the memorial arches along the way are connected one after another, and a flagpole is erected every short distance, on which the flags of the 51 countries of the United Nations are hung in turn. The next day, September 9, 1945, these flagpoles and archways were guarded by sentries wearing steel helmets, and on one side were soldiers of the 14th Division of the New 6th Army, shouldering backpacks and rifles; On the other side stood paratroopers, wearing white gloves and carrying submachine guns—but many people, including journalists, did not know that they were paratroopers and mistook them for gendarmes.

The jeep drove to the gate of the military academy and was not allowed to enter, so Jin Suozhu had to turn around and go back. Cai Yuanfei and the others were led to a small two-story building on the east side of the auditorium for an interview and review. The examiner was Shu Cun, the "commander-in-chief of the ceremony" and the deputy commander of the New Sixth Army, who held the registration materials and checked them repeatedly, asking very carefully, as if he was afraid that he would be mixed in with some unscrupulous elements. Of course, Cai Yuanfei can stand the scrutiny and pass the test very smoothly.

After the interview, everyone was given a special pass and the division of tasks was carried out. The errand assigned to Cai Yuanfei was to serve as a guard in the "press area", and in this post he could walk around, which was much more comfortable than the honor guard standing in one place.

In the evening, everyone was arranged to watch a movie, which was about the surrender ceremony on the battlefield in Europe. The British and American troops were shown first, and the scene was relatively relaxed, and the Americans were very easy-going, talking and laughing with the German soldiers like friends. "This represents the gentlemanly demeanor of a military man," the instructor explained. Then the Soviet troops were played, and the scene was much more serious, with the Russian big nose giving a speech with a straight face, and "gurgling" the German soldiers like gray grandsons. "This reflects the deep hatred of the people of Europe against fascism," the instructor commented. "—in short, it makes sense.

It all makes sense, so who do we learn from? Cai Yuanfei proposed: "We also have a deep hatred for fascism, and we will humiliate myself tomorrow." Everyone applauded.

However, the instructor did not agree, and he explained the important and necessary surnames for the implementation of the policy of "repaying grievances with virtue", roughly saying that China said that the two countries are separated by a strip of water, and that they will coexist for a long time after the war, and that maintaining harmony and closeness between them is the prerequisite for achieving long-term peace.

After the meeting, the instructor called Cai Yuanfei aside again and admonished: "Cai Siwa, no one else is silent, what are you standing up and messing around?" Be careful in the future."

At 6 o'clock in the morning of September 9, 1945, all the internal security personnel entered the signing hall to carry out various preparations. The venue for the signing ceremony of the surrender was officially known as the "Army General Headquarters Auditorium" at that time, which was originally the "Central Military Academy Auditorium" of the Kuomintang.

On one wall of the auditorium hall is the Kuomintang flag, the national flag and a statue of Sun Yat-sen, and the lower end of the portrait is also inlaid with an English letter "V" and two Chinese characters "peace"; On the wall on the other side are portraits of the leaders of China, Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union, as well as the national flags of these four countries; Coloured bars are hung on the ceiling, and the flags of the 51 countries of the United Nations are hung, representing the great unity of the people of the world.

On the north side of the hall is the reception seat, with a row of large long tables and five chairs with armrests, on which are placed a stationery box and the microphone of the central radio station; To the south is the surrender seat, with a narrow row of long tables and seven chairs without armrests, and a stationery box on the tabletop; To the west is the VIP viewing seat, and to the east is the journalist viewing table, with only a few rows of seats and no tables.

In addition, there is a viewing platform upstairs on the east and west sides, which is managed by the guards of the New 6th Army, and Cai Yuanfei has never gone up.

Cai Yuanfei's post is on the side of the press gallery. At that time, blue cloth was erected in front of the east and west viewing seats, and his task was to guard against anyone rushing through the curtain and running to the middle of the signing room.

The paratroopers who served as internal guards were all armed with pistols, but Cai Yuanfei actually had empty guns hanging from his waist, and he didn't know if those officers had bullets in their guns.

At 8 o'clock in the morning, Chinese and foreign reporters checked in.

Because there have been previous incidents of assassins posing as journalists at the venue, the censorship of reporters was particularly strict during the surrender ceremony. Two inspection tables were set up at the entrance of the venue, the one on the left to check the identity, the one on the right to check the equipment, and then Cai Yuanfei and the others checked the interview card and designated the seats for the ceremony.

Only a handful of official news outlets were able to obtain on-site reporting qualifications, with Chinese journalists mainly from the Central Daily, Sweeping Daily, Ta Kung Pao, and Central News Agency, and foreign journalists from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, totaling 88 people.

After dealing with reporters, Cai Yuanfei realized how difficult it was to let these people sit honestly, they didn't pay attention to the seating list at all, they all jumped around and looked around, like a group of monkeys, there was no moment of peace, and the paratroopers were so annoyed that they couldn't find a cage to fix them.

The guests are also entering the venue one after another, and the threshold for entering the venue to watch the ceremony is very high - the military rank needs to be a major general or above, and the civilian rank needs to be a "simple officer" or above - the characters with such qualifications are all scheming guys, and no one will want to steal the limelight at this time to be interviewed by reporters. As a result, the reporters had no choice but to interview themselves, and the Chinese reporters asked the foreign reporters how they felt, and the foreign reporters asked the Chinese reporters what their feelings were. An American asked Cai Yuanfei: "Is there a reporter here?" Seeing the paratrooper shaking his head, he felt very lost: "Regret, regret, pity." ”

After a while, this kid had a whim, and pulled a reporter from the Central News Agency to suggest: "If this war is defeated, the economy will definitely go bankrupt." You can buy the Yomiuri Newspaper and you'll have access to one of Asia's largest news clubs right away," the people around me laughed and thought, "What a stupid foreigner." The Chinese have not figured out their own mess of things, and where do they still have the leisure to take care of the newspapers. ”

When the reporters were chatting, the guests were already seated. On the west side of the hall were Tang Enbo, Zheng Dongguo, Liao Yaoxiang, Mou Tingfang, Gu Zhenggang, He Jinhan and other senior Chinese officials, as well as Lieutenant General McCloo of the US Army, Lieutenant General Hayes of the British Army, and other officials from France and Australia. The viewing platform upstairs was also packed with guests, and there were about three hundred people on two floors combined.

At 8:40 a.m., seven surrender delegates, including Gangcun Ningji, arrived outside the auditorium in three black cars. The reporters suddenly became excited, crowded to the gate, raised their cameras and took pictures "crackling". The devil officers were quite cooperative, standing in an orderly manner for a few minutes, refreshing the reporters, and then went down the corridor into the lounge.

Enough at the door, the reporters ran back to the venue. They originally had fixed seats, but at this time no one cared, you squeezed me, I squeezed you to seize the advantageous terrain, and they were seen tossing and turning all over the hall. Cai Yuanfei was so anxious that he was sweating profusely, and the other guards also came to help maintain order, but no one listened to them at all. These reporters are all well-connected figures, not to mention just Sergeant Cai, even if they are replaced by Colonel Cai, no one cares about them.

At 8:50, all the lights upstairs and downstairs were turned on, and the whole hall was bright.

First Class General He Yingqin, Commander-in-Chief of the Army, walked into the venue from the north entrance, followed by Admiral Chen Shaokuan, commander of the Navy, Gu Zhutong, chairman of Jiangsu Province and second-class General of the Army, Zhang Tingmeng, chief of staff of the Air Force Combat Command and Air Force Colonel, Xiao Yisu, chief of staff of the Army General Headquarters and Lieutenant General of the Army, and Colonel Wang Wu, chief of the Second Department of the Military Command Department, who served as the interpreter on the spot.

The audience stood up and applauded in welcome, and the reporters were "crackling" again. Cai Yuanfei didn't care about any "fixed seats" at this time, as long as no one rushed into the curtain barrier, it would be considered Amitabha.

At 8:55, Gangmura Ningji walked into the hall from the main entrance with seven subordinates. Seven surrender delegates were dressed in summer uniforms, without caps or weapons, and there was also an interpreter in a light gray suit.

Behind the eight Yue himself were eight soldiers of the New Sixth Army, loaded with guns and ammunition, as if they were escorting prisoners.

After Gangmura Ningji and others entered the venue, they first lined up and bowed to the surrendered seat. After He Yingqin nodded, they walked to the surrender seat and sat down, and the interpreter Tatsuo Kimura stood alone. Eight soldiers of the New 6th Army lined up behind them and served as guards.

At 9 a.m. on September 9, 1945, the signing ceremony began. The procedure is simple and brief.

He Yingqin asked: "Have you brought your supporting materials?" Translator Wang Wu continued.

Gangmura replied: "Yes, I brought it." Tatsuo Kimura translated and said Chinese again.

In fact, He Yingqin's spoken language is very fluent, Gangcun Ningci is a Chinese expert, and the translated words are all spoken to others.

Then, Lieutenant General Kobayashi Asaburo, chief of the General Staff of the Chinese Dispatch Army, walked to the front of the surrender table with the official axe and the authorized surrender document of the base camp, ready to be presented to He Yingqin for review.

However, something went wrong with this action. At that time, He Yingqin had a microphone of the Central Radio Station in front of him, and Kobayashi Asaburo happened to be in front of him, if his waist bent too deeply, he would knock down that thing, so he could only half-owe his body. He said that his hands were too short, and the table where he was surrendered was too wide to reach He Yingqin, and Commander-in-Chief He reached out to receive the documents as soon as he was in a hurry, and as a result, there was a scene of "two people bowing to each other".

After receiving the supporting documents, He Yingqin sat down, looked at them pretendedly, and then took out two copies of the "Letter of Surrender" from his briefcase and pushed them to the table. Kobayashi Asaburo took the "Surrender" with both hands, bowed, turned around, and returned to Gangcun Ningji for him to sign and seal.

After completing the formalities, it was Kobayashi Asaburo who handed over the documents, and this time it was Chief of Staff Xiao Yisu who took over the "Letter of Surrender". There was no obstructive microphone in front of him, which could completely make Kobayashi bend over. Lao Xiao is handsome and his movements are also very chic, but it is a pity that the reporters seem to be only interested in the commander-in-chief and are not very happy to take pictures of the chief of staff.

After signing the "Instrument of Surrender" and then signing the "Order No. 1 of Jiang Zhongzheng, Supreme Commander of the Chinese Theater of Operations", the procedure for handing it back and forth is basically the same. The spotlight of those reporters flickered non-stop, and the pictures they took were actually the same.

When I was done, it was 9:15. He Yingqin stood up and announced: "Starting from the 9th of this month, the title of your official 'Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese Dispatch Army' will be abolished, and from the 10th of this month, the title will be changed to 'Chief Liaison Officer of the Chinese Theater Army's General Liaison Department for the Aftermath of the Army', and the task is to accept or convey the orders of the Headquarters, and no orders shall be issued without authorization."

Gangmura Ninji stood up and bowed, and replied, "I fully accept this order. ”

As a result, He Yingqin ordered the surrender of the army to leave the field.

Eight said that he stood up and left. Cai Yuanfei watched them disappear outside the gate, feeling a little inexplicable: "What's the matter?" After eight years of fighting, and now with such a big show, just bow and let them go? ”

The reporters were also a little confused, and they all stared at the landing platform, waiting for what else to show.

I saw Commander-in-Chief He Yingqin take out a transcript of his speech from his briefcase and began to recite it aloud: "I would like to inform the compatriots of the whole country and the people of the whole world that the signing ceremony of the surrender of the Chinese theater of operations has been successfully completed in Nanjing at 9 o'clock on September 9, 34 years of the Republic of China."

So, everyone was finally convinced that the ceremony was really over.

Commander-in-Chief He didn't pay attention to the audience around him, burying his head in reading his speech, and the object of his speech at this time was actually only the microphone in front of him. The manuscript was not long, and it was read quickly, He Yingqin immediately left the venue, he did not accept any media interviews, he is indeed a very cautious person, a very low-key person.

Cai Yuanfei looked at the automatic Rolex watch on his wrist, and the hour hand pointed to 9:20.

The whole ceremony took no more than half an hour, which was really efficient.

The surrender ceremony was over, but Cai Yuanfei's work was not over. In the following period, the "Army General Headquarters Auditorium" was open to people from all walks of life, and countless people came to visit the venue every day, and the guards still needed to stay at the scene to maintain order.

However, at this time, the "surrender scene" was much more beautiful than before, and the headquarters did not know where to get a lot of knives, guns, and plaster flags, which were placed in a large row in the corridor.

The officers and soldiers who participated in the surrender ceremony were awarded a commemorative medal, and the internal security personnel also received a commemorative card, which read: - Commemoration of the surrender of Nanjing at 9 o'clock on September 9, 34 years of the Republic of China, and the signature of He Yingqin at the end.

In mid-September, all the officers and men of the Second Paratrooper Brigade also came to visit the venue of the surrender ceremony, and Cai Yuanfei wanted to take this opportunity to return to the unit. He went to the "Ceremony Headquarters" to find Xia Lumin to go through the transfer procedures. However, Fellow Xia said to him with a smile: "Don't worry, don't worry, come with me to a place tonight, let you take a look at a few good things first, and it will not be in vain to come here to be busy." ”

The "Double Tenth Day Parade" in 1945 may have been the pinnacle of He Yingqin's career, and since then, Commander-in-Chief He, who is known as Zhongtian, has begun to go downhill.

The fundamental reason why He Yingqin was unlucky was that his prestige at this time was too high, and he had already faintly posed a threat to Chairman Chiang. But there was another fuse -- at the "reorganization meeting" at the end of the year, He Yingqin proposed that the army headquarters be moved to Beiping. This suggestion was supported by many Whampoa generals, which made Chiang Kai-shek feel that "Granny He" had an intention to set up another mountain, so he immediately made a decision, abolished the Lu General Headquarters, replaced Chen Cheng as the chief of staff, and sent all the elite troops that Commander He was going to bring to Beiping to the northeast

At noon on August 14, 1945, Emperor Momoto broadcast an edict to the nation accepting the Potsdam Proclamation and granting unconditional surrender. On the same day, Chiang Kai-shek sent a telegram to [***] in Yan'an, inviting him to come to Chongqing to "discuss the plan":

With the surrender of the Japanese invaders, a permanent world peace can be expected. For all kinds of important international and domestic issues that need to be solved urgently, I would like to invite Mr. Ke Hui to accompany the capital to discuss together, which is related to the country's plan, and I am fortunate not to be stingy. The power is overwhelming, and the suspense is coming.

Qin Lihai, an associate professor at the School of Marxism at Tianjin University, told reporters that Chiang Kai-shek's choice of this time to invite [***] to Chongqing for negotiations is of great significance.

After Germany's surrender, the United States and the Soviet Union became a sabre-rattling for Europe. In order to concentrate their efforts on securing interests in Europe, both the United States and the Soviet Union wanted to maintain some kind of balance in Asia. Neither of the two seemingly opposing blocs wants a civil war in China.

The American side, of course, supported the Kuomintang as always, but the attitude of the USSR was rather subtle. It was supposed to support China, which also believed in Marxism, but this time, it tipped the scales in favor of the Kuomintang, which had the absolute advantage in power at the time.

But it was not easy to gain the support of the Soviet side, and a "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" was placed in front of Chiang Kai-shek. Although the name of this treaty is "friendship," there is no hint of "friendship" in its contents. The "treaty" not only required China to recognize the establishment of foreign powers, but also required China and the Soviet Union to administer the Changchun Railway for 30 years, Lushun as a naval base for 30 years, and Dalian as a free port. In exchange, the Soviet political axe promised that all aid would be given to the Chinese national political axe, and not to China [***].

In order to gain the support of the Soviet Union, Chiang Kai-shek finally signed the treaty. On the same day that the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship Alliance was signed, Chiang Kai-shek could not wait to send the first telegram to [***].

After receiving the telegram, he did not comment on the matter of going to Chongqing for negotiations, but asked Chiang Kai-shek to reply to the telegram from Commander-in-Chief Zhu De first.

On August 10, 1945, when Chiang Kai-shek expressed his intention to surrender, Chiang Kai-shek was not psychologically prepared - although Germany surrendered as early as May, and the US military was victorious in the island-by-island battle with the Japanese army in the Pacific, most of China's country was still in the hands of the Chinese army, and Chiang Kai-shek estimated that the Sino-Japanese war would not end until the turn of the spring and summer of 1946.

The sudden victory caught Chiang Kai-shek off guard. At that time, what made him most anxious was the surrender of the army. At that time, there were still more than 1 million troops in China. Whoever receives the army is equivalent to receiving the arms supply of 1 million people.

At that time, Chiang Kai-shek's troops were all in the southwest corner of China, while [***] men and horses were scattered behind enemy lines in northern, northwestern, and southern China. Even if the United States sent planes and warships to help the Kuomintang transport troops to the areas occupied by the original Japanese army, Chiang Kai-shek would not be able to accept the surrender of the Japanese army before [***].

As a result, Chiang Kai-shek, who was in a hurry, issued an absurd order to Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the 18th Group Army, and Peng Dehuai, deputy commander-in-chief, early on the morning of 11 November, that the 18th Group Army should "be stationed in place and stand by" and that the guns of the 18 th Group Army should not be confiscated.

On 16 August, Zhu De sent a telegram to Chiang Kai-shek, resolutely rejecting his erroneous order not to allow the 18th Group Army to collect the weapons of the Yue army and accept the surrender of the Yue army, and put forward the suggestion that "all enemy and puppet armies surrounded by the troops of the liberated areas should be accepted by the troops of the liberated areas, and your army should accept the surrender of the enemy and puppet armies surrounded by your army."

[***] asked Chiang Kai-shek to answer the question of surrender before talking about anything else, but Chiang Kai-shek was very unimpressed. He wrote contemptuously in his diary late at night: "Zhu Zhi's disobedience and Mao's reply can only be regarded as vain." Then he went over the words and wrote a second telegram.

This time, Chiang Kai-shek pushed the issue of not allowing [***] to surrender to the Allied forces, claiming that the Allied headquarters had unified regulations and surrender procedures, and it was inconvenient for the Chinese theater to change them without authorization. Then he once again asked [***] to go to Chongqing to negotiate, and wrote: "I deeply hope to think about the hardships of the country, sympathize with the people's suffering, and work together to engage in construction".

Then he called back: "For the sake of unity, I specially sent Comrade Zhou Enlai to come to pay respects, and I hope to contact him." ”

During the Anti-Japanese War, Zhou Enlai was stationed in Chongqing for a long time, and he was the most suitable negotiator for many times, and he was the most suitable negotiator, but this time Chiang Kai-shek seemed to be determined to invite [***] out of the mountain, and on August 23, the third telegram came again, insisting on [***] going with Zhou Enlai, and even the plane was ready.

To go, or not to go?

On August 23, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held an enlarged meeting in Yan'an Zaoyuan.

At the meeting, [***] referred to this joint political axe as a form of "reading and adding some boiling". He said: "When we participate in such a political axe, we want to go in and 'wash his face' to Chiang Kai-shek, not to 'cut off his head.'" This is the long-term and tortuous path of the Seventh National Congress; Taking this detour will enable our party to reach greater maturity in all aspects, make the Chinese people more conscious, and then establish a new Mingzhuan China. ”

However, people's main concern is his safety. Go deep into the tiger's den to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek, who "kills people like grass and does not hear a sound", can he return safely? [***] is prepared for the worst. Before leaving, he not only suggested that [***] should act as his own deputy, but also suggested that the Secretariat add Chen Yun and Peng Zhen as alternate secretaries, so that in the absence of Mao and Erbi, the Secretariat could still maintain a meeting of five people.

At the Politburo meeting before going to Chongqing for negotiations, [***] said: "I am going to sit in the class room...... If it's house arrest, don't be afraid, I'm going to do something there. Now that the Soviet Red Army does not enter the customs and the US [***] team does not land, in the form China solves the problem by itself, but in fact the three countries are interrogated, and the three countries do not want China to fight a civil war, and international pressure is not conducive to Chiang Kai-shek's rule. The Sino-Soviet treaty benefited the Chinese people, and the capture of the three eastern provinces by the Soviet Red Army had a great impact. Therefore, Yucheng is something you can go to and must go to. ”

On August 28, the day he arrived in Yucheng, Chiang Kai-shek held a welcome banquet for him at Lin Yuan's official residence. During the banquet, [***] called Chiang Kai-shek "Chairman of the Committee", and Chiang Kai-shek called [***] "Runzhi". After the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek also invited [***] to stay in Lin Yuan. A pair of old opponents who have been competing for more than ten years gathered again, and the atmosphere seemed to be quite harmonious!

(To be continued)