The Zhennanguan Uprising was an epoch-making event for Sun Yat-sen, who arrived on the front line of the uprising for the first time on March 13, 1908. He not only bandaged the wounded in the position, but also fired artillery with his own hands, and he actually hit it accurately. Sun Yat-sen said angrily: "I have opposed the Qing government for more than 20 years, and on this day I have to personally bombard the ears of the Qing army!" In the afternoon of the same day, Lu Rongting sent a woman to the stage with a letter, expressing his willingness to lead more than 600 people to join Sun Yat-sen's command, and told the Qing army soldiers to come to help.

After receiving Lu Rongting's letter, Sun Yat-sen immediately decided to go back to Hanoi to raise funds and weapons, and ordered Huang Mingtang to hold out for five days, and as soon as the equipment arrived, he would enter Longzhou. That night, Sun Yat-sen and others went down the mountain to return to Annam. On the 17th, the Military Aircraft Department handed over Zhang Mingqi, the governor of Guangxi who had lost Zhennanguan, to the ministry and the department, and ordered him to make meritorious service and "recover on the same day." The Qing army besieged with a force of 4,000 men. That night, Lu Rongting, the commander of the Qing army who had written to Sun Yat-sen to say that he had defected to the revolution, led the Qing army to pounce on Beitai, but Huang Mingtang insisted for several days, ran out of guns and ammunition, and abandoned Taiwan on the night of the 18th and retreated to Yanzi Mountain in Annan. Sun Yat-sen's guns and ammunition from Vietnam were seized by the French at Wenden. The Zhennanguan uprising failed.

While the People's Party and the Liberation Society were setting off a revolutionary storm in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the uprising of the League in southern China was whirling and crushing. Zhang Mingqi retained his official position, while Lu Rongting continued to "lurk" in the Qing army and wait for the opportunity. The Zhennanguan Uprising, which the League tried to open up the situation, did not have enough impact on the vast land of China.

On April 16, 1908, Cixi surprisingly issued the "Outline of the King James Constitution" to the whole country, but several important ministers who advocated the constitution, including Yuan Shikai and Zhang Zhidong, did not receive the slightest information in advance. The Outline of the King James Constitution was accompanied by a proclamation against the BJP. The content is simple and clear, and the announcement focuses on criticizing the evil deeds of the People's Party of "destroying the gentry and dividing the land". He believes that the crimes of the BJP bandits are unforgivable and heinous. The Qing government informed the world that the People's Party's contract to divide the land was completely illegal and had no legal effect. Once the People's Party was eliminated by the imperial court, the local gentry of Anhui who were still in Anhui and who had fled outside Anhui would regain their land ownership.

The reader who wrote this announcement was very imaginative, because the banner of the People's Party was a red flag, and the People's Party referred to the Manchu Qing as a Manchu bandit, so the Qing government in the announcement referred to the People's Party as a "Chi bandit". This title became the standard title of the People's Party in the Manchu proclamation.

Chen Ke was in the Lu'an area, where the traffic was not very convenient, and when he saw the title of "Chi Bandit", a sense of pride arose. This was the party's exclusive title back then. In Chen Ke's view, it is a supreme honor for the People's Party to receive this title. However, the Party Central Committee seemed to lack such feelings, and the comrades of the Central Committee wrote a rebuttal announcement without saying a word. The content is nothing more than a scolding war. Chen Ke commented on the back of the announcement: "In the future, the Party Central Committee can decide on such issues on its own, but I suggest that you do not scold the war." We, the People's Party, have always been the target of revilation, and we have grown up in the bitter rebuke of the reactionary exploiting class. The more fierce the enemy's scolding, the better we have done. When we put our energies into land reform, we can only have real strength if we are closely integrated with the people. ”

The comrades of the Party Central Committee were just angry for a while, and during Chen Ke's absence, the comrades were highly nervous. In such a big stall, although the leader has changed from Chen Ke alone to the mechanism of the Fifth Standing Committee, the increase in the number of people does not mean that the efficiency has improved. Everything that can be done to the Party Central Committee is a major event. The scope of the current base area includes all of Anhui in later generations. Anhui is located in the hinterland of East China, adjacent to Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Zhejiang. The entire base area is divided into 16 prefecture-level cities and 62 counties.

Before Chen Ke went to work in Lu'an City, he left everyone a core job, "In the core area, at least let the masses be able to mix and dry and thin every day throughout the year, have a meal of fish and meat a week, have oil and salt at ordinary times, be able to pull two feet of cloth in a month, and change two farm tools every year." ”

At present, the population of the base areas is about 12 million, and the population of the core base areas where land reform has been carried out is as high as 3.5 million. "One dry and two thin" means that you should drink porridge in the morning and evening, and you must have dry rice at noon anyway. This means that each of the 3.5 million people has to eat at least one pound of food rations a day. Calculated on the basis of 360 days a year, the core base areas need to produce 1.26 billion catties of grain to achieve this amount.

The core base area is in the plain area, and the total amount of land is not small, and there are 15 million mu of cultivated farmland according to statistics, and if the average yield per mu of land reaches 100 catties, this goal can be accomplished. Based on the experience of Fengtai County, the irrigation and drainage system of rural water conservancy has been done well, and the average yield per mu of land can reach 280 catties after the breeding base is forced to produce uniformly cultivated high-quality seeds. Theoretically, there is no problem. The only problem is that in practice it is all problems.

One of the biggest problems is the lack of labor. During the busy agricultural season, there was a shortage of labor everywhere, and industrial production came to an almost complete halt. Last year's experience showed us that factories cannot fully absorb enough labor during the slack season.

In this planning and scheduling, there is a seemingly inconspicuous news that has been ignored. Rui Fang, the governor of Liangjiang, Zhang Xun, the governor of Zhejiang, and Wang Youhong, the governor of Jiangnan, jointly wrote a letter requesting a trial opening of the parliament in Jiangsu to see the after-effects. Cixi's reply to this fold was extremely fast, and the word "quasi" was written on the fold with a red pen.

When Yuan Shikai got the news, it was as if a thunderbolt sounded on his head. Zhang Xun, a die-hard royalist, has now become the first person to practice constitutional government. The most amazing thing is that Jiangsu is engaged in constitutionalism, and Zhang Xun, the governor of Zhejiang, can actually insert a lever. In the joint compromises of the Governor of Liangjiang, the Governor of Zhejiang and the Governor of Jiangnan. Zhang Xun, the governor of Zhejiang, did not have the troops to return to Zhejiang for the time being, so he became the chief responsible for the preparation of the Jiangsu Parliament. Jiangnan Admiral Wang Youhong was a military attache and became a deputy. The provisional speaker of the Jiangsu Parliament is the Governor of Liangjiang, Lord Ruifang. These three hardcore royalists became the vanguard of the Restoration.

For Cixi's political skills, Yuan Shikai admired the five-body throw. Cixi grasped the current political lifeline, that is, the gentry pursued "reform", not "constitutionalism". To enrich the country and strengthen the army, when the imperial examination is abolished, can give the gentry the opportunity to get ahead and participate in politics, this is the idea of the vast majority of gentry. The gentry did not understand the difference between constitutionalism and reform, and they mistakenly regarded constitutionalism as the whole of reform.

Different from the general pursuit of the gentry, the core of the "constitution" designed by the Beiyang clique led by Yuan Shikai was to establish a "responsible cabinet", not "constitutional universal suffrage". The "responsible cabinet system" that is mainly promoted is something tailor-made for the Beiyang Group. If Yuan Shikai's "constitutional plan" is passed, Yuan Shikai will be able to stand above 10,000 people under one person as the prime minister of the cabinet. The Beiyang clique, which seized the personnel power of various cabinet ministries, officially overwhelmed all political opponents. Therefore, Cixi is now not engaged in a responsible cabinet, but has implemented the "Imperial Power Constitution", which can be said to have broken Yuan Shikai's wishful thinking in one fell swoop.

Such a deep understanding and a shrew response made Yuan Shikai really respect and fear Cixi, who was about to end her life.

The government and the opposition are not at all optimistic about the constitutional restoration carried out by the three hardcore royalists. The three royalist scum were led by Manchu, and the other two were from martial arts. Where do they know what "constitutional restoration" is?

The reality is far more amazing than imagined, and it took less than two months for Jiangsu's parliament to open. This parliament is the "Jiangsu Transition Council" throughout the whole process, and each county elects three members for a term of six months. To lead the election of the next Legislature.

Many years later, in the book "Constitutional Records of the Emperor Qing Dynasty" jointly compiled by the elders, there is a very interesting detail that Wang Youhong showed Zhang Xun a constitutional plan. After reading it, Zhang Xun hesitated and asked, "This is written by Huimo, right?" ”

Wang Youhongqi said: "I never ask where I come from, where do you know?" ”

Zhang Xun replied: "The ink smells. ”

Wang Youhong replied with a smile: "I don't know where the ink comes from, just be able to write." ”

The two martial artists discussed stationery and supplies seriously, which was originally a strange thing, why they recorded this matter in this book of praise for the Manchu Qing Dynasty, most people did not know for a long time.

The person who wrote the book knew very well the principle of "lying for His Holiness", but in fact, the discussion of the day was not so quiet and peaceful at all. Zhang Xun pointed at Wang Youhong's nose and scolded, "What are you doing copying the People's Party's election process?" ”

Wang Youhong immediately replied, "Isn't it possible to copy Beiyang?" ”

Zhang Xun was angry for a while, but in fact, the main promoter of this incident was Wang Youhong, not Zhang Xun and Ruifang. The People's Party has never hidden the electoral system, and Wang Youhong does not need to spend much effort to get this process.

Seeing that Zhang Xun didn't agree with this plan at all, Wang Youhong persuaded: "My lord, the wickedness of the People's Party is that they elected all mud legs. Great treachery and great evil must have great wisdom and courage. Although we take advantage of this rule, we can choose from the gentry. The chaotic parties in Jiangsu rely on the gentry a lot, and isn't it better for us to put the gentry in the parliament than to overthrow them from the chaotic party? What's more, the "Outline of the King James Constitution" mainly promotes loyalty to the monarch, and the parliament formed according to this is not possible if you want to be loyal to the monarch. ”

Of course, the most important reason is that Zhang Xun believes that Wang Youhong, who fought a fierce war with the People's Party, is by no means a chaotic party, and Zhang Xun himself has no idea and ability to organize a parliament. However, Zhang Xun keenly pointed out one: "Whether the gentry can become parliamentarians must be agreed by me and you." ”

Wang Youhong replied: "Everyone in the world knows that adults are loyal and righteous. The upper part must serve the court, and the lower level also knows how to win the trust of the people. If you make a military order but don't keep it, it's better not to do it. Think again. ”

Although Zhang Xun has never read, he is a smart person. He immediately understood what Wang Youhong meant, and after being depressed for a long time, Zhang Xun replied: "Just like what Admiral Wang said." ”

The election of temporary members of parliament is not universal suffrage, but a recommendation system. A meeting was held by the gentry of merit from all over the country, and then a highly respected temporary councillor was proposed. Wang Youhong particularly emphasized that the elected legislators are not allowed to elect gentry who have made great achievements. If you have the fame of raising people, as long as you are willing to spend money, you can already hold an official position. In fact, there are not a few rich people who are officials. Wang's emphasis was a strong signal to the gentry who were unable to hold official positions. The majority of the next full members of parliament will also be elected from among them.

The inaugural meeting of the Jiangsu Provisional Parliament, the "former provisional speaker", the governor of Liangjiang, Rui Fang, has a detailed description in the recital. "On the day of the inauguration of the parliament, all the members of the council bowed to the north and wished the Queen Mother Lafayette and Her Majesty a safe life." "Members of Parliament, under the leadership of the Temporary Speaker, read the Outline of the King James Constitution." "On the first day of the council, the agenda was to discuss the crusade against the Anhui Chi bandits."

This is all face-saving work, the gentry are in the place and know the local problems. Allegiance to the imperial court may have been, but the gentry neither knew how to fight nor were obliged to fight. After the first two days of perfunctory, various local bills began to come out. In 1908, the "inferior gentry" group of those who were dependent on the European and American empires had not yet appeared, and the discussion revolved entirely around the local gentry and the livelihood of the common people. For the first time, the voice of the native people reached the Manchu Jiangsu bureaucracy on a large scale.

After a busy job, Wang Youhong finally had time to return home. He withdrew from the crowd in his study. Everyone knows that Wang Youhong has developed a habit for more than a year, and he will never allow others to enter the door when he is studying. Everyone retreated far away, so that Admiral Wang Youhong, who had been in the infinite scenery recently, calmed down and read.

After carefully checking that the door was closed, Wang Youhong took down a brand new set of I Ching from the bookshelf. He was originally a soldier, and he learned to read and write in the military, but he absolutely couldn't read such advanced books. Open the beautiful bookcase. A few brand new books were tucked into a booklet that had been read many times.

Wang Youhong sighed, opened the booklet gently, and soon turned to the chapter he wanted to read, this is Wang Youhong's manuscript, and the first paragraph on it is like this, "Who is our enemy?" Who are our friends? This question is the first and foremost question of the loyal ministers. The basic reason for the ineffectiveness of all past struggles in China is that it has not been able to unite its true friends in order to attack its real enemies. Loyal ministers were the guides of the gentry, and in the Restoration, no loyal minister led the wrong way and the Restoration did not fail. Our Restoration must be sure that we will not lead the wrong way and that we will succeed, and we must pay attention to uniting our true friends to attack our real enemies. In order to distinguish between the real friend and foe, we cannot but make a general analysis of the economic status of the various classes in Chinese society and their attitudes towards the Restoration. ”