Movement warfare is the PLA's housekeeping skill, and on this earth, since this great army established this set of tactics, by the beginning of the 21 st century, there has not been a tendency for the armies of any other country to surpass the PLA in this field.

The core of mobile warfare is "movement", or more bluntly, it is to move forces to a position where they can exert their greatest effectiveness and to fight in the most effective mode. This is common knowledge that military commanders can understand. And to use common sense to exert its limits in a mode that conforms to its laws is the greatest achievement of the people's army created by Grandpa Mao in the military field.

Chen Ke has never been a soldier, and before the crossing, he was a guy who didn't seek to understand but just wanted to be lively. There are also some examples of offensive warfare that can be used for reference. In the defensive battle, he only knew about the bloody battle of Shangganling. "Refueling tactics" and "anti-slope fortifications" can only exert their power when facing an enemy with strong firepower. The Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army has always focused on attack, so the skirmish line and communication trenches are the limit of Chen Ke's subjective speculation.

Kuroshima did not know that in this defensive battle after the break in Nanjing, the troops spontaneously made a breakthrough in the practice of movement warfare for the first time. To defend against a multifaceted enemy, the troops set up three positions. There are communication trenches connecting the various positions. The Qing army Wang Youhong chose three directions for three attacks, all of which ended dismally with heavy casualties.

If other Qing commanders had been replaced, they would have been depressed and would have stopped attacking. Wang Youhong is not this kind of person, since the unilateral attack failed, Wang Youhong organized the Qing army to attack from three directions at the same time.

Seeing the ant-like Qing army pressed from three directions, the atmosphere in the headquarters of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was tense to the extreme. The weakness of the insufficient forces was exposed when the enemy carried out a multifaceted heavy attack.

It was not Kuroshima who stepped forward to give advice, the correspondents, like the scouts, were the elite of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. They see more and run more. After the commander's order is sent to the front line, the front-line troops that encounter serious problems will definitely not be able to drag the senior commander to the front line, so most of them will complain to the correspondent. How to accurately report the problems you see to your superiors requires a considerable level of competence. As the saying goes, "the prime minister's concierge is the seven officials", and the importance of ventilation and reporting has never been ignored in China.

Correspondent Qian Wenchu, like most correspondents, was trained at a junior military academy. At this moment of crisis, Qian Wenchu boldly put forward the idea of a "positional movement". Kuroshima thought that Qian Wenchu's suggestion was to distribute the troops evenly, and the mobile unit would implement the tactic of refueling as a "fire brigade". The troops relied on the shooting level beyond the Qing army and the hard wear and tear of the Qing army. This was also the original idea of Kuroshima Ren.

It is the rule of the People's Party to let comrades finish their words before making an evaluation, even if they feel a little disappreciative in their hearts, Kuroshima Ren and other commanders still give Qian Wenchu a chance to speak. The suggestion put forward by Qian Wenchu greatly exceeded the commander's imagination.

Qian Wenchu believed that the equal distribution of troops meant the weakest efficiency. He boldly proposed to use firepower to strike and contain to create an interval between the three enemy attacks. In addition to leaving a small number of containment troops on the position, the main force made full use of this time difference to carry out "positional movements" to ensure the effect of striking the enemy in the main direction of operation with maximum firepower. That is, each defeat based on the "defense system".

This topic is a little bit big, or too big. The study and training of defensive tactics in the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army were far from going so far. When Qian Wenchu first began to speak, some commanders simply did not understand what was going on. When the most astute commanders understood, this bold idea immediately enlivened the headquarters.

"How to make the Qing army's attack have a time difference?" Immediately someone pointed out this most critical problem.

"Combine the terrain with the enemy's ability to move, and use the superiority of rifles and shooting to pin down the slowest enemy. For the enemy's moderately mobile troops, they rely on sending small forces to advance to block their movements. Let the fastest troops of the enemy rush forward freely. Concentrate your firepower on the enemy's fastest moving unit and crush it in one fell swoop. Then choose one of the other two forces to strike. Qian Wenchu took out the results of his final consideration.

After saying this, Qian Wenchu saluted Hei Daoren, "Black Political Commissar, I request to personally participate in the front to block the enemy's second fastest troops. ”

In the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, it is impossible to be promoted if only theoretical proposals are put forward without practical participation. Unless it is a figure like Chen Ke who can put forward a theoretical system as a whole, the possibility of those who want to rely on whims to obtain merit is completely blocked. This is an open standard, Chen Ke is well aware of his inferior nature, he loved to play with cleverness back then, and always tried to make one of his "whimsical ideas" be blind cats pretending to be dead mice, lucky to make great contributions, and then he can lie on the merit book for a lifetime without worrying about food and clothing. In the course of the revolution, Chen Ke realized that this bad idea was one of the main culprits of his previous failure to succeed. This attitude is in the same vein as those rotten Confucians in Donglin at the end of the Ming Dynasty, "There is nothing to talk about, and the water is too cold when it is in danger." ”

Advocating Qing talk and radical rhetoric were common problems in the late Qing Dynasty. Chen Ke did not want such a bad act to ruin the revolutionary cause, and he made a special policy adjustment in response to this situation.

In the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, everyone has the opportunity to speak, and all kinds of proposals will be summarized and submitted through institutional channels. But if you want to build merit, you must practice it yourself and personally rush to the front line. Qian Wenchu knew this rule, so when he made suggestions, he told them bluntly. As soon as the proposal was made, he took the initiative to participate in the battle on the most dangerous fronts.

This idea of a "positional movement" was applauded. Due to time constraints, the whole plan was not complete. However, theoretically, it conforms to the essence of mobile warfare, "to move forces to the position where they can be most effective, and to fight in the most effective mode." ”

The biggest problem faced by commanders is that there is no training for this set of tactics. There is a lack of arrangements in terms of the command system and the characteristics of communications. The victory of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army has so far basically been a victory of training, and the comrades have won the victory by giving full play to their training. Taking the first Anqing Campaign as an example, in order to train to climb the city wall, the base even built a training ground like the city wall of Anqing City before setting out. Qian Wenchu's suggestion was a great violation of the habits of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army.

"Vote!" Ren Kuroshima had to get the choice of his comrades in a short time.

The commander of a company returned from the front to participate in the discussion, and he raised his hand to ask to speak. After receiving permission, the first company commander stood up, "I said two words, just two words." I support Comrade Qian Wenchu's suggestion, no matter how bad it is, it is just an average refueling. ”

After speaking, the company commander sat down.

The commanders looked at each other and soon began voting. The result of the vote was unanimously adopted to adopt Qian Wenchu's operational proposal.

Combat deployment began immediately. Hitoshi Kuroshima thought back to his education at the military academy, but there was no way to figure out an idea. He couldn't help but recall what Chen Ke said in the temporary short-term training class for intermediate commanders, "As a soldier and a commander, the most valuable quality is spiritual firmness. After the material and technical conditions for wars -- especially for future wars on a larger scale -- are determined, the highest requirement for commanders is spiritual firmness. Victory is not a fixed tactic. However, once you have chosen a tactic, you must follow it to the end. Adaptation is not about vacillating, not about changing your mind after a setback, but about bringing out the essence of your tactics according to the current situation. Comrades must bear this point in mind. ”

The ensuing aftermath of the battle, as Chen Ke once recounted, judged which enemy would be the fastest enemy, and the command made a mistake in this choice. The new army, of course, has its own weaknesses, is tactically backward, rigid and conservative. But there is no will to fight under this surface. When the enemy, which the command had judged to be the slowest, suddenly picked up speed and launched a fierce attack on the extremely weak front of the BJP, the command immediately fell into a panic.

Kuroshima Ren only flashed a moment of surprise on his face, and then ordered, "The reserves come up and resist." Immediately mobilize troops to come and join the battle. ”

It was a brutal battle, and the Qing army, which had the most will to fight, turned a blind eye to the situation where their comrades around them were constantly being knocked down, and the sporadic firepower continued to kill and inflict injuries without delaying their attack. At one point, the gang approached less than 10 metres from the defensive line and engaged in a confrontation with the frontal units of two squads of the BJP. Even when the reserves of a platoon of the BJP went into battle, they did not retreat. After the People's Party used grenades, it only temporarily restrained the onslaught of the Qing army. Due to the large difference in the strength of the two sides, the defense line was precarious for a while. With more than 600 men in the fire, every loss of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army meant a loss of 2% of the density of firepower. The loss of six people is the loss of 10% of the density of fire.

In just ten minutes of fighting, the losses of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army exceeded the sum of all the losses before this battle several times. The five-shot Hanyang-made is only five bursts, and it takes longer to reload after the bullets are fired. The number of grenades is not unlimited, Qian Wenchu's blocking troops want to cross the battle line and suddenly launch a blocking battle, in order to increase the firepower, Kuroshima Ren let them take most of the grenades. At the moment when the firepower weakened, the Qing army launched a fierce charge. At this critical moment, the commanders and fighters of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army picked up the broadswords and spears around them and launched a counter-charge.

The hand-to-hand combat lasted another five minutes, and the casualties of sixty troops exceeded seventy. Blood bought time, rushed over and the main forces dealt a heavy blow to the enemy. Less than 10 percent of the Qing troops of more than 600 men were able to retreat to their starting positions unscathed.

Even so, when the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was fighting fiercely with the Qing Army of the Second Road, the people of the Liberation Society suddenly came to report that the enemy's troops of more than 300 people attacked from behind. Kuroshima squinted his eyes at the people of the Restoration Society, "Do you have a gun in your hand?" Are there any bullets? Is there a broadsword or a spear? When they come, you fight them! We can't get a single reinforcement out now. ”

The second company commander was also furious at this time, and his words were even more irritating and aggressive, "Your Liberation Society has already thrown us all down. If you want to leave your wounded and run away, no problem, you can do it yourself! ”

The knife-like words made the faces of the members of the Liberation Society turn the color of pig liver, and the man yelled and turned to leave. Not long after, fierce gunfire and shouts of killing were heard from the rear of the position.

Hitoshi Kuroshima forced himself to observe the battlefield coldly, mobilizing his troops for battle. The original plan to fight the time difference ended in a brutal combat mode that resembled refueling. The defensive battle finally turned into an offensive battle, with Qian Wenchu's blocking troops withstanding one Qing army to the death, and the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army taking the initiative to attack the other Qing army. Almost annihilated them in the attack. Immediately, the troops attacked the Qing army on the third route in two ways, and the whole battle ended with the defeat of the Qing army.

"I hate less when the book is used!" After the battle, Hitoshi Kuroshima said in a prostration, almost collapsed in the command headquarters. His Chinese language skills are insufficient, in fact, what he wants to say is that he still underestimates the war too much. In fact, if he could have studied more tactics before the war, Qian Wenchu's suggestion might not have been better realized.

An even harsher reality came to an end, and the post-war statistics were quickly fed back to the command. In this battle, the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army lost 33 comrades and 78 were wounded. Twenty-eight of them were seriously injured. Among the comrades who sacrificed, there was the name of Qian Wenchu. According to preliminary estimates, the Qing army lost more than 2,000 people on this day.

With 400 troops, facing an enemy with a total number of 30 times his own, and an attack by a crazy group of enemies nearly five times his own, such a result was a real victory. However, the combat force of 400 men lost 25% of its strength, and the pressure to maintain this front was greater than ever.

The predicament faced by Kuroshima Ren was difficult, but the opposite Commander Wang Youhong was not under tremendous pressure, but a kind of outright despair. He finally knew why the People's Party was able to annihilate the Beiyang New Army. He finally knew why hundreds of people of the People's Party, in the face of tens of thousands of Qing troops, dared to arrogantly plant a lone red flag on the mountain beam. The Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army on the opposite side was not human at all. The performance of the Jiangnan New Army and the Jiang Defense Army was already extremely good, and Wang Youhong was also a member of the guard with Cixi's "Western Hunting", and he had seen the Beiyang New Army. Today, even if the Qing army in Jiangnan faced the same number of Beiyang new troops, it would not have encountered such a tragic defeat.

The gap between the two sides is beyond Wang Youhong's imagination. Throughout the battle, Wang Youhong could not even see the People's Party troops. Even when the battle was in full swing, the Qing army rushed to the People's Party like moths to the fire under the stimulation of the excessive bounty, and then was defeated piece by piece. In Wang Youhong's telescope, only a small part of the People's Party troops could still be seen. The BJP is elusive, and they are present everywhere on the entire front. Wang Youhong couldn't imagine how a force of several hundred people could hold such a long mountain beam.

The officers around Wang Youhong held their breath and stared, and in the past few days, Wang Youhong has shown a strong will and vitality to fight, and it can even be said that he has shown a considerable level of command ability. Although they lost the battle, these officers asked themselves that there was nothing wrong with Wang Youhong's command and arrangement. Perhaps the only mistake was that Wang Youhong should not have launched an attack on the People's Party at all. Thinking of this, the officers were even more cautious, for fear that Wang Youhong would use them as a punching bag.

At this moment, new bad news came. Wang Youhong sent a cavalry force to outflank him from afar, and now the scattered cavalry troops were defeated. The defeated soldiers brought back news that a large BJP force was rushing to the battlefield, numbering in the thousands, at least. Hearing this, the faces of all the officers became extremely ugly.

"Gather the troops, let's stop fighting." Wang Youhong's voice was very calm.

"Commander Wang, do you want to withdraw your troops?" An officer asked tremblingly.

"No, camp here. I will send someone to move back to our brother and prepare for treatment. Wang Youhong's firm and clear words surprised the officers.

Seeing the officers, Wang Youhong sneered: "What are you afraid of, just a few thousand people's parties can't defeat our Jiangning City." Let's just stay here and see what tricks the People's Party can play. ”

The envoy sent by Wang Youhong was very respectful to Kuroshima Ren, and after saluting in a proper manner, the envoy said: "My lord, the commander of my family wants to ask your lordship, do you want to continue fighting with us?" ”

"Commander Wang still wants to fight again?" Kuroshima sneered.

The envoy's attitude was very neither humble nor arrogant, "If you want to attack Jiangning, Commander Wang will definitely not be restrained." However, Commander Wang felt that the people of the People's Party had done their duty to the Liberation Society. It was the Liberation Society that started the war, and it was the Liberation Society that left you to flee for your lives. What's the point of us just fighting to the death? ”

"What does the king's ruler mean?" Kuroshima Ren smiled.

"If you want to withdraw to Anhui, Commander Wang will not stop you." The messenger made a bid.

"Send for you, then, to bring back your wounded and dead. But the gun cannot be taken away. Hitoshi Kuroshima also offered his own price.

The envoy pondered for a moment, but made a very strange request, "The matter of guns is not difficult, but yesterday we saw that the military doctors of your department are like gods. Some of our officers are seriously injured, and if your department is willing to send a military doctor to treat them. Commander Wang promised not to detain your doctors. Regardless of the outcome of the treatment, we will send your military doctor back to Anhui in three days. And he will give thanks. ”

"It's okay to heal your wounds, you send people to us for healing." Kuroshima didn't even think about it, and gave a response.

An armistice agreement between the two sides was formalized.

Beginning the next day, the large forces of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army withdrew to Anhui with the wounded of the Liberation Society. On the fourth day, after the military medical unit had completed the initial treatment of more than 400 officers of the Qing army in Nanjing, they withdrew to Anhui with a "thank you gift" of 20,000 silver dollars. Wang Youhong immediately led his troops to Zhejiang. After the troops stopped at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Rui Fang, the governor of Liangjiang, Zhang Xun, the governor of Jiangnan, and Wang Youhong sent a joint letter to Beijing.

Defeated the Guangfuhui, repelled the People's Party, and marched into Zhejiang. Nanjing's war report really made Cixi overjoyed. Although he knew that there must be inhumane secrets in this, there was no "hidden secret" in the Manchu officials that Cixi had met. The people in Nanjing who reported to Cixi were not only Rui Fang, Zhang Xun and Wang Youhong. Although the other reports have different evaluations, the fact that the People's Party took the initiative to withdraw after the Liberation Council was defeated is correct. Even if Wang Youhong's stop on the edge of Zhejiang was a complete bluff, Cixi was still very satisfied.

The official army in Shanghai had already attacked Hangzhou at this time, if it could be recaptured. The rebellion of the once powerful Guangfu Society rebels was stopped. This was the first good news that the Manchu court had received in more than a year.

Cixi issued commendations to the Qing army in Jiangnan, especially the promotion of Zhang Xun to the governor of Zhejiang, and the promotion of Wang Youhong to the governor of Jiangnan. This news immediately shook the government and the opposition.

The example of being promoted to governor with military exploits is still a matter of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. At that time, many people realized that this may be a strong signal that in the face of the revolutionary party rebellion, the era of military merit may have begun again.