418. Chapter 418

Windsor Hospital has also invented a nano-adhesive to replace most surgical sutures. It can be used not only for external wounds, but also for some organs and tissues that are difficult to suture, such as deeply buried liver wounds.

When using, the nano adhesive is applied to both sides of the wound to make the wound firmly glued together, and after a period of time, the nano adhesive itself can be degraded in the human body, when the human tissue has grown new tissue on its own and heals naturally.

Wounds that heal naturally, which were originally only possible with very small wounds, are now equivalent to using new materials and new surgical techniques to make this self-healing happen in almost all surgeries. It is easier to operate than suturing and can also be done by inserting a very fine flexible robotic arm through a minimally invasive incision.

It uses a band-aid-like thing that has been prepared for a long time, which greatly speeds up the process of surgery and also provides a shortcut for automated surgical machinery. This is of great benefit to the world's most difficult cardiac surgery, because the heart beats all the time, and even with drugs that lower the heartbeat, the effect is limited, and suturing on it is an almost impossible problem.

The laser knife is available, the cutting is fast, the band-aid is available, and the sewing is fast, making Windsor's achievements in cardiac surgery far exceed any rival's. Many of the abandoned babies are born with congenital heart disease, which was not so long ago a terrible name: blue baby syndrome.

There are about five types of congenital heart disease, which can be summed up as malformation of the heart during the development of the fetus, some of which are caused by the failure of large blood vessels to grow, and some of which are wrong, in short, the heart cannot properly pump the red blood (the color of the blood carrying oxygen) oxidized by the lungs to the whole body, causing the baby to turn blue locally or throughout the body.

Windsor Hospital is the only hospital that has the technology to achieve a very high success rate for the intricate surgical treatment of congenital heart disease, and at worst it can also achieve palliative care, which diverts a part of the systemic blood circulation to the pulmonary circulation, increasing the blood flow in the pulmonary circulation, so that the amount of oxygenated blood returning to the left heart can also be increased, thereby reducing the symptoms of cyanosis.

In order to work with the ultra-magnetic MRI system, all metal surgical instruments must be modified, as the metal conductor responds to the magnetic force and poses an unforeseen danger to the patient. Eyeglasses, watches and other personal belongings worn by doctors and nurses during surgery must be replaced by special equipment under the new rules.

It can be seen that the function of CT cannot be completely replaced, and sometimes the patient involved in the operation happens to be the metal that needs to be done in the patient's body, such as shrapnel remaining in the patient's body.

These five masters in the science and technology industry are actually filming documentaries while visiting the pharmaceutical factory, because the boss wants to set up a memorial arch to convince people with morality, especially when it comes to saving babies with congenital heart disease indiscriminately, when the film is released, a little bit of baby patient footage is played, and it can immediately hit the audience's cute point regardless of country, ethnicity, and religion.

When it comes to soldiers, it is a faint hint at how happy our soldiers of the United Nations are, compared to the treatment of pigs and dogs by the wounded soldiers of the Entente countries, the effect of the archway after the filming of this documentary is just now.

MRI 3D imaging is the top priority, which makes the four major scientists on the scene stunned, not to mention that ordinary people will have a feeling of "it should be so" after seeing the monopoly of Windsor Hospital. The Entente's policy of resisting Windsor's medical empire will definitely encounter a huge backlash when it comes out, because without these black technologies, what will happen to the health of the Entente people?

Windsor Hospital hired volunteers to make the internal structure of his body into a physiology teaching material, from which students can see every bone of the skeletal system, every blood vessel of the blood system (except capillaries), and the details of blood flow in the blood vessels can be dynamically demonstrated.

In the digestive system, the whole process of food from ingestion to excretion is densely packed with nerve transmissions in the neural network. Compared with traditional paper textbooks, it is simply a comparison from a beggar to a king. Any doctor with mediocre qualifications can benefit immensely from this completely realistic three-dimensional, dynamic teaching of the human body.

Perhaps the most popular of these three-dimensional teaching materials is the film of surname education, where the Windsor Hospital team went to every race of showbiz to find actors and actresses who dared to dedicate themselves to the arts. Most of the plot in the film blurs the characters in blue (male) and pink (female), but all the physiological processes are real MRI.

The ethical and technological impact of this controversial film is far beyond ordinary imagination, and it is currently only watched by married people in most countries. It has almost become a must-see film for the coming-of-age ceremony, and as long as the film is constantly played, Windsor Hospital pays the actors a huge copyright fee of 1,000 euros a year. They also made a fortune. Of course, Windsor Hospital earns even more.

Among the Mongols (yellow race), the Chinese are very conservative, and the filming team could not find actors willing to appear in the eight major alleys, and finally found them on the newly acquired island of Kyushu in Japan, which was quite difficult.

The chatter-style program of five documentaries seems to be a casual talk about the Darwin Institute's genetic research project. If you are not an expert, it is difficult to see anything famous from it, but when the study of species comes to the era of molecular biology, there is a very important discovery.

Molecular biology scientists have discovered the direct driving force of evolution - the law of genetic mutation. In this process, the molecular composition of proteins is slightly different from generation to generation, but its function is still the same, and the technical term for this process is "synonymous substitution".

Synonymous substitution of proteins is evident at the molecular biology level due to synonymous substitution of base pairs of DNA, and it turns out that DNA does occur from generation to generation. Why is this so? It turns out that organisms must ensure that they have a certain genetic mutation rate, and organisms that can mutate are more viable.

The molecular level differentiation that occurs in each generation is a good way for organisms to ensure that their offspring have a certain chance of mutation. We can take bacteria as an example. Why do bacteria quickly show resistance under the action of antibacterial drugs? Of course, because its offspring are good at mutations, which is the primitive survival ability of bacteria. Imagine that they do not have generation after generation of synonymous substitution, is it easy to be eliminated by anti-fine drugs?

The natural antibacterial drugs produced by the natural enemies of bacteria are a great killer against bacteria that have no ability to mutate. This ability to mutate exists in all living beings, from primitive to advanced, including us humans.

Through the examination of some proteins, scientists have found that the rate of this synonymous substitution is roughly constant, that is, the time for a gene to mutate is counted. When a large number of genetic mutations are taken together, it is found that the rate of their occurrence is roughly constant. Scientists call this type of clock a "molecular clock".

Darwin was thrilled by the discovery of the molecular clock, because it meant that it was theoretically possible to draw a tree of biological evolution through a molecular clock, compared to fossil evidence. One of the most important topics currently being worked on at the Darwin Institute is to redraw evolutionary trees with molecular clocks.

Darwin said to the camera that the results have been fruitful so far, and that the evolutionary tree of the molecular clock is basically consistent with the fossil evidence.

Speaking of this, Tang Ning took over and said: "There is another interesting application scenario of molecular clocks, let me give you an example. ”

After attracting everyone's attention, the scientific prophet lived up to his reputation and began to talk about the application: "Let me ask you to ask you to think about it: When did we humans put on clothes? ”

Everyone is using their brains, Darwin said: "In the beginning, humans must have only used animal skins to make clothes, and after tens of thousands of years, these clothes have long since rotted, so there is no evidence of this in fossils." ”

Here's the show: "There's a way." It has to do with molecular clocks. I've seen some scientists look at lice that parasitize humans. This nasty little thing has a peculiarity, they are very differentiated, head lice that live on the head and body lice that live on clothes. Observing their movements on hair and clothing, it can be found that head lice are unable to adapt to the living environment of body lice, and body lice cannot live on hair.

What's even more interesting is that human body lice can only live on people, because they are good at moving on clothing, so human body lice are very different from our close cousin, the chimpanzee body lice. Chimpanzee body lice are supposed to be homologous to human body lice, which means that the genes between them begin to mutate as soon as we humans put on clothes, and eventually become two different species.

By using the guò molecular clock to determine this time, we can roughly know when our ancestors invented clothes. ”

Interesting, Darwin: "Really? Has anyone done research on this? ”

Tang Ning: "It doesn't seem to be there yet, if you are interested, you can let the doctoral students in the back do it, I don't think there is a problem." ”

After the filming of this film, there was really a team to study this topic, and the conclusion was quite reliable, the time when human beings put on clothes was about 72,000 years ago, which coincided with the time when human beings came out of Africa. That is, only by inventing clothes will you have the ability to get out of Africa, otherwise you will freeze to death on the road.

The Darwin Institute's research on genes has attracted a lot of attention, and Mendel naturally asks a very serious question: "Can different kinds of genes be interconnected?" Meaning, can the genes of animals be transferred to humans? Or can even the genes of plants and bacteria be transferred to animals? Let's discuss that! ”

This question is really a bit of a scientist who wants to be God, if the promise is yes, it should be affirmed, then what else can't science do?

Lieutenant is old and more conservative, while Darwin and Pasteur agreed that it should be possible, however, there is no way to do it for the time being, but it is only a technical problem, and there is no problem in principle.

Everyone looked at the informant again to see what he had to say