Today's Windsor the Great, who is no longer aggressive, hangs out with scientists when he has nothing to do, which is the circle of friends that he feels most comfortable with.

On this day, he and four old friends visited a pharmaceutical center at Peking University. They were: Charles Darwin, Liebig, Pasteur and Mendel, from England, Germany, France and Austria respectively, and they were a purely international combination.

In addition to Liebig, the other three scientists are now professors at Peking University. This pharmaceutical center is the most advanced fully automated system in the world today. If a real center wants to get the title of the world's most advanced, of course, it can't come out of nowhere.

Its research is based on the more than three million compounds collected by Windsor Hospital over the years, and these painstakingly collected and classified compounds alone deserve a priceless reputation.

The pharmaceutical process often starts with these massive compounds, and the research team first determines the goal to be achieved, and then develops a practical plan. For example, to work on cardiovascular tissue, the research team had to build a set of chemical reaction platforms, implement yàn in a large number of compounds, and screen drugs layer by layer.

The whole process is automated, but the funds are limited, it is impossible to try all the compounds every time, you have to choose a certain classification, a certain property according to a certain experience, unless it is a key project to allow the unrestricted use of all compounds.

The implementation of a project involves the replication of compounds, the purchase of products, the construction of platforms, the construction of automatic identification parameters and systems, and further animal and clinical products. Medical malpractice due to drug side effects also involves compensation. A new drug has to cost millions of euros.

Similar centers are found in almost every major United Nations country, some in partnership with companies, and in cities like Beijing, where there is little scientific background, they are located directly on university campuses.

Pasteur asked the boss, "Are there any new drug inventions lately?" ”

Boss Tang: "Yes, there is a more interesting drug. Methylmephenia, which can treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, has acceptable side effects. In fact, everyone has some symptom of attention deficit to a greater or lesser extent. Unless it is a legendary Zen master who has become a Buddha, it is possible for them to reach the legendary realm of being completely undisturbed by external objects.

There is also the case of taking certain narcotic drugs. Judging from the side effects of methylpiperan, it has a good chance of becoming a drug that is often used to improve concentration. One of the big differences between an ordinary person and a genius is the ability to concentrate.

Do you think, an ordinary person with an IQ of 100 and another genius with an IQ of 150, learning a concept, genius only needs an hour, while ordinary people theoretically study for an hour and a half is enough, right? Then you'll have to limit your attention for half an hour more than a genius.

And it is likely that geniuses can continue to restrain their attention for an hour, and ordinary people will stop eating in 20 minutes. As time goes by, the gap between ordinary people and geniuses is getting bigger and bigger.

I'm okay now, but maybe I'll need mephenito to concentrate someday, and I'll be really old by then, so how are you doing now? ”

The four famous people present are the oldest Liebig, who is 71 years old this year, and he really said that his attention has not been as good as before, and if there is any important meeting, he can try the effect of methylphenidate.

Pasteur said: "This is very useful for surgeons, large surgeries can be carried out for 6 or 7 hours without rest in between, if you use this medicine, wouldn't it solve a lot of problems?" ”

Mendel: "You can use it when you're at war." "He is the least famous of many scientists, but I don't know why Boss Tang also regards him as an old friend. Boss Tang had just decided to enter the semi-retirement stage, and naturally he had no interest in fighting, so he just smiled when he heard the words, and Mendel smiled wryly.

Darwin said: "This student can use it when he takes the exam, but I guess the side effects are not small, right? It's better to use less. ”

Tang Ning: "Yes, you don't need to use it if you can, the doctor can use it when he encounters special surgery, and others will forget it." We humans have a very basic mechanism of 'motivation regulation', and according to relatively reliable estimates, the efficacy of methylphenidate is related to this mechanism.

In a unit of the nervous system, the afferent nerve holds dopamine, and when an activity is beneficial, a certain amount of dopamine is released to the efferent nerve, causing people to feel happy and happy, and to focus on doing something.

The opposite process is the recovery of dopamine, in which a substance called dopamine is passed, and methylphenidate resists the action of dopamine agents, so that people are immersed in an activity for a long time.

From this point of view, it really cannot be abused, and after this most basic mechanism is disrupted for a long time, drug dependence may occur. It's hard work to be a surgeon. ”

In fact, Boss Tang has carried out a lot of research and development of automatic machines for doctors, which is not so simple, and the first thing to solve is accurate three-dimensional image production technology.

As we all know, X-rays are a great thing that can be used for diagnosis that can produce images of the inside of the human body. The simplest way to produce X-rays is to use accelerated electrons to hit a metal plate, and the electrons lose energy in the form of X-rays as they lose kinetic energy.

The spectrum of X-ray energy produced by a powerful accelerator such as the one in Tianjin can overlap with gamma rays, called hard X-rays, and weak X-rays are called soft X-rays.

Most people have seen X-rays image of bones, but it can also be used by a computer to combine multiple scans into a three-dimensional image, providing a more accurate basis for diagnosis. The technical term is called "X-ray tomography imaging", abbreviated as CT.

Since the birth of X-ray, Windsor Hospital has used it to diagnose a variety of diseases, and is also stepping up the research and development of CT, at present, Windsor Hospital, together with IBM and General Electric, has developed a CT machine that can perform 360-degree high-speed scanning imaging of organisms.

The software-retouched three-dimensional images are so delicate that they can see through the human body like an immortal with a pair of divine eyes, and show the mysteries of life more clearly than the most imaginative myths.

X-rays can produce ionizing radiation, which can cause harm to the human body if the dose used is too large, so the team has done a lot of work on the imaging system, and there are many ways to reduce the dose. First, try to only scan a certain organ; Second, a certain dose should not be exceeded at a certain time so that the human body can recover.

Third, try to release only certain bands of scanning for the disease, and if further diagnosis is needed, use more bands, so that the two bands can be not repeated, but the obtained numbers can be combined.

After the publication of X-ray technology in Nature, the Royal Hospital of Scotland was in a hurry to open a radiology department, which did not pay much attention to the radiation safety of patients, and was once criticized by Windsor Hospital.

None of this can be compared to another technique -- magnetic resonance imaging. It uses the principle that a nucleon with a non-zero spin can resonate with some spectrum of incident electromagnetic waves, thereby releasing electromagnetic signals.

70% of the human body is water, and the hydrogen that makes up water is precisely one of the strong release signals, different human tissues contain different amounts of water, through the computer analysis of the characteristics of electromagnetic signals, you can get the accurate nuclear position information of each tissue of the human body.

The obtained three-dimensional information can reach the micron level, which is similar to that of an optical microscope. If you wish, you can also color this three-dimensional information and get breathtaking photos of the inside of the human body that ordinary people can understand at a glance.

Another unexpected benefit of water-centric MRI in diagnosing disease is that the composition of water changes in most disease lesions, making diagnosis easy.

Since the energy required by NMR is to produce a huge magnetic force, the instruments can be divided into three classes according to the precision of the instrument. The first class is rare earth material permanent magnets, entry-level, cheap; the second class is room-temperature superconductivity of rare earth materials, medium; The third class is low-temperature superconducting materials, which are expensive and super-strong.

For common conditions, an entry-level is sufficient. It does not produce radiation energy that is harmful to the human body, theoretically there is no limit on the number of patient scans, of course, the cost is also a limit, the resources of this high-tech equipment are also limited, and the cost is also expensive.

Currently, the world's most advanced CT and MRI are all located in Windsor Hospital, and the nearest competitor is Edison Electric's X-ray imaging technology, which is flat. Since the amount of computing power required to process the number from a flat to a three-dimensional figure is astronomical for Edison Electric, the industry has no chance at all.

Not to mention MRI, Windsor Hospital's exclusive technology, others simply can't create such a powerful magnetic field, and they can't achieve 3D imaging and calculation. If it weren't for Boss Tang talking about it, the major scientists present didn't know that there was such a powerful equipment.

Now, the unrivalled Windsor Hospital is also advancing into the field of machine-assisted surgery to reduce the workload of doctors. With the 3D imaging technology of the human body, there is also a foundation for machine surgery. The initial task to be completed in the machine qì surgery is to replace the doctor with many and heavy surgical tasks such as anesthesia, incision, extraction, cutting, excision, suturing, and blood transfusion.

One of the great advantages of the machine is that it can be used perfectly with the laser scalpel. Because it can calculate the amount of energy required to cut off only the target, this is a big difference between a laser knife and an ordinary scalpel, and it is difficult for human flesh to control the depth of the knife.

The speed of the laser scalpel is extremely fast, if the speed of an excellent surgeon is 1, the speed of the laser knife may be 10 or even 100 for the same cutting action. The duration of the operation can be greatly reduced.

The laser knife can also be conducted through the guò optical fiber, which means that minimally invasive surgery can be realized, and the cutting can be carried out through a small optical fiber wound, which is not much bigger than the golden needle of traditional Chinese medicine, maybe even the bleeding will not occur, the blood transfusion is exempted, and the patient can be operated on for 24 hours.

Boss Tang introduced the latest medical research projects to everyone one after another, and some of them can be easily visited.

What to do with minimally invasive excision of excess tissue? It is impossible to cut it open and take it out, so the real minimally invasive surgery requires another container to be stretched out, and the excess tissue is shredded with a laser knife in the container and removed. The vessel is designed to be engaged with a liquid pump to gradually remove large organs from the body.

Surgeries like those of Prince Albert can be performed with minimally invasive techniques in the near future, and there is no need to use a large knife, only a 0 is prescribed on the stomach. A small hole with a diameter of 5 cm allows the entire stomach to be plucked out through the guò hole