These six voices are not inherent in people's hearts, but are caused by the influence of external things in people's hearts. Therefore, the ancient holy kings paid attention to external things that could affect people's hearts, used rituals to guide people's will, used music to reconcile people's temperament, used government decrees to unify people's actions, and used punishments to prevent people from doing bad things. Although the means of using courtesy, music, government decrees, and punishments are different, the purpose is the same, that is, to unify the people's hearts and realize the great rule of the world.

All sounds come from the hearts of the people. Emotions are excited in the heart, so they are expressed as sounds. Putting sound into a beautiful tune is called a sound. Therefore, the tone of the peaceful and prosperous times, its melody is serene and joyful, reflecting the political harmony of the time; The sound of the chaotic world, which removes resentment and anger, reflects the political disorder of the time; The sound of the death of the country, its removal of sorrow and deepness, reflects the hardship of the people at that time. From this point of view, voice and politics are interconnected, and what kind of politics there is, what kind of voice there is.

The sound of the palace represents the king, the voice of the merchant represents the people, the sound of the horn represents the people, the sound of the sign (zhǐ) represents the matter, and the sound of the feather represents the object. If these five tones are not messy, there will be no discordant tunes. If the sound of the palace is chaotic, its sound is scattered, symbolizing the arrogance of the monarch; The business voice is chaotic, and its sound is not correct, symbolizing the official's **; The sound of the horn is chaotic, and its sound is sad, symbolizing the dissatisfaction of the people; The sound of 徵 (zhǐ) is chaotic, and its sound is sad, symbolizing that the people's servitude is too heavy; The sound of the feather is chaotic, and its sound is critical, symbolizing the lack of supplies.

If the five notes are out of order and out of order, then the so-called slow tone will be played. At this point, there are only a few days left before the end of the country. The sound of Zheng and Wei belongs to the sound of troubled times, which is close to slow sound. The sound of the tryst between men and women and the prevalent place of **** is the voice of the country, which reflects the extreme chaos of national politics, the displacement of the common people, and the selfishness and incorrigibility of the rulers.

All sounds come from the hearts of the people. And the music that is more advanced than the sound is in line with social ethics. Therefore, those who know sound but do not know what sound is, it is a beast; Those who know sound but don't know what teeth are, are ordinary people. Only a gentleman knows music, so a gentleman can distinguish sound and then understand music, from distinguishing music to understand music, from distinguishing music to understand political affairs, so there is a whole set of governing methods. Therefore, for people who don't know how to speak, there is no way to talk to him further; If you don't know how to play with fish, you can't talk to him further.

Those who know how to have fun are almost courteous. If you can understand the etiquette and music, then it is called virtuous. De means to get. Therefore, no matter how grand the music, it is not for the ultimate enjoyment of the ears; No matter how grand the feast, it is not for the ultimate taste pleasure. For example, the Se used to play the movement of "Qing Temple", with vermilion silk strings on the top and sparse holes on the bottom, does not produce a very pleasant sound, one person leads the singing, and only three people respond to it, and its purpose is obviously not to pursue the beautiful sound.

Another example is the gift of a feast, where water is used instead of wine and placed in the forefront, and raw meat and fish are placed on the plate, and the meat juice is not added with any seasoning, and the purpose is obviously not to pursue deliciousness. From this point of view, the purpose of the ancient sage kings was not to satisfy people's appetite, but to educate the people to distinguish between good and bad and return to the right path of life.

Born to be quiet, this is the nature of nature. Being influenced by the outside world to become active is a temptation in nature. When people's perceptions intersect with external things, they will manifest themselves in two attitudes: likes and dislikes. If the attitude of liking or dislike is not restrained from oneself, and if one is unable to self-reflect and treat the temptations of external things, then one's nature will be completely lost. Originally, external things are constantly influencing people, and if people on the plane subjectively react to their likes and dislikes without restrictions, it is equivalent to the fact that people will be safely conquered as soon as they come into contact with external things and people.

When a person is completely conquered by external things, it is equivalent to the complete loss of human nature and the indulgence of human desires. When people reach this point, they will have the heart to commit disorder, deception, and hypocrisy, and they will engage in indulgence, debauchery, and recklessness. So that the strong oppress the weak, the many bully the little, the wise deceive the honest, the brave torture the cowardly, the sick are not cared for, and the old and the young are not cared for. This is a way to cause chaos in the world, and it will not work.

There is a reference here, so the ancient holy kings made rituals and music, and worked out methods of moderation for people: the regulations on mourning clothes and crying were used to control funerals; bells, drums, and other musical instruments and dance utensils, which are used to regulate comfort; Men should get married, and women should get married, which is used to distinguish between men and women; Shooting salutes, village rituals, food rituals, and feasting rituals are used to regulate people's interactions. Use propriety to control the people's hearts, use music to reconcile the people's nature, use government decrees to enforce them, and use punishments to prevent them. If these four aspects are implemented without obstruction, it will also have royal politics.

The role of music is to coordinate the upper and lower, and the role of etiquette is to distinguish between the noble and the low. Coordination between the top and bottom will be close to each other, and the difference between the noble and the inferior will respect each other. Too much emphasis on music can make interpersonal relationships casual, and too much emphasis on etiquette can alienate interpersonal relationships. To make interpersonal relationships, inner feelings, and outward respect for each other, this is the function of etiquette. The system of etiquette was established, and the rank of the noble and the low was differentiated. When the literature of the month is harmonized, the relationship between the upper and lower levels can be harmonious. The standard of good and evil is clear, and it is easy to distinguish between good and bad people. Punishment is used to prohibit rape, and titles are used to promote meritocracy, and politics is fair. Love the people with benevolence and correct evil with righteousness. In this way, the common people will be able to govern well.