The second is to have extensive knowledge. To be a qualified teacher, you must have a broad knowledge base, and be proficient in the professional knowledge you teach, so that you can be broad and profound, and be able to answer the questions raised by students at any time to form a reasonable knowledge structure.

Third, it is necessary to understand the laws of education. Know the factors that make education successful, and at the same time understand the reasons for educational failure. It is necessary to flexibly use the principles and methods of education, and in the teaching process, we can use several metaphors to repeatedly set up metaphors from different angles to illustrate an ontology, that is, to be good at inspiring teaching, "Xueji" said: teachers know what is the most difficult situation for students to learn to succeed, in what situation is the easiest, and know how to talk about the good effect, how to talk about the poor effect, know these four points, and then be able to touch the class bypass and fully understand the methods of education and teaching; If you have a comprehensive understanding of the methods of education and teaching, you will be able to become an excellent teacher. It is one of the basic conditions that a qualified teacher must have to understand the key points and difficulties of the knowledge imparted, as well as the differences in students' qualifications, and carry out targeted teaching on this basis.

Fourth, teachers are required to have good language skills, and when teachers explain problems, they should be concise and thorough, subtle and prudent, with few examples but typical, and can fully explain the problem.

On the question of how teachers can improve themselves, Xueji put forward the proposition of teaching and learning for the first time in the history of world education. It is said in the "Records of Learning": Although there are delicious dishes, if you don't eat them, you don't know its taste; Although there is the best truth, you don't know its benefits without learning. Therefore, after in-depth study, I realized that I was not virtuous, and only after teaching and educating people did I know that I was not knowledgeable. Only when you know that you are not virtuous can you self-reflect, and only then can you self-strive if you know that you are not knowledgeable. Therefore, teaching and learning are mutually reinforcing.

The original meaning of teaching and learning is that the teacher's own learning is a kind of learning, and the educational practice of teaching others is also a kind of learning. Because of the mutual promotion of these two learning activities, teachers continue to improve, therefore, "Xueji" advocates that teachers must learn from books on the one hand, only learning can find their own defects and deficiencies in knowledge accumulation, so that they can continue to improve, which is an important way of self-improvement; On the other hand, it is necessary to learn in teaching practice, and find that there are still problems that students do not understand in teaching practice, so that they can continue to improve themselves and continuously improve their teaching level. The original meaning of teaching and learning refers to the continuous learning from books and learning from educational practice, but later it was also extended to the dialectical unity relationship of teachers and students complementing each other, promoting each other, and motivating each other. Whether it is the original meaning or the extended meaning. The glorious proposition that teaching and learning are all important contributions to the history of world education.

Xueji is a valuable resource for the study of ancient Chinese educational thought and practice. The teaching principles, teaching principles and methods put forward on the basis of summarizing the teaching experience of pre-Qin Confucianism, as well as the idea of respecting teachers and respecting the way, have had a significant impact on the development of Chinese education and psychology, and are one of the precious educational heritages in China and the world. Although the full text of Xueji is only 1229 words, it has made a high degree of summary and summary of the educational thought and practice in the pre-Qin period of China, which not only has a profound impact on the development of ancient Chinese education history, but also still has important research and learning value.

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(19) Music Notes

The Musical Records is one of the earliest Han music works with a relatively complete system, which summarizes the Confucian musical aesthetics of the pre-Qin period. The generation of great sounds comes from the heart of human beings who can produce thoughts and feelings. The changes in human thoughts and feelings are the result of the influence of external things. Under the influence of external things, people's thoughts and feelings change, and they will express them with sound. There is not one sound, and there are similarities and differences. The same sound corresponds, and the different voices are mixed, so there are intricate changes. The expression of this intricate change of sound according to a certain law is called a song. These songs are played in order, and with the addition of martial arts and bungaku, this is called music. From the above, we can see that the so-called music is composed of sound, and its origin lies in the human heart's perception of external things.

There is an incisive exposition in the "Music Notes", affirming that music is the art of expressing emotions, and it believes that all music comes from the human heart; Emotions are excited in the heart, so they are expressed as sounds. Putting sound into a beautiful tune is called a sound.

Let's take a good look at this "Music Notes"!

The generation of great sounds comes from the heart of human beings who can produce thoughts and feelings. The changes in human thoughts and feelings are the result of the influence of external things. Under the influence of external things, people's thoughts and feelings change, and they will express them with sound. There is not one sound, and there are similarities and differences. The same sound corresponds, and the different voices are mixed, so there are intricate changes. The expression of this intricate change of sound according to a certain law is called a song. These songs are played in order, and with the addition of martial arts and bungaku, this is called music.

From the above, it can be seen that the so-called music is composed of sound, and its origin lies in the human heart's perception of external things. Therefore, when the human heart has a feeling of sorrow, the voice it utters is anxious and short; When the human heart has a feeling of happiness, the sound it utters is generous and soothing; When the human heart has a feeling of joy, the voice it utters is cheerful and light; When the human heart feels angry, its voice is rough and harsh; When the human heart has a feeling of reverence, the voice it utters is upright and square; When the human heart feels love, the voice it utters is gentle and meek.